柴达木盆地东部环境演化对古文化的影响

研究表明晚全新世柴达木盆地气候进一步向干旱化方向发展,气候的干旱化以及由此导致的环境变化对盆地古文化产生了深刻的影响,全新世气候与环境的变化深刻地影响着柴达木盆地古人类文化的出现、发展与衰亡。地层剖面测年与分析表明,柴达木盆地诺木洪文化兴盛于约3300aB.P.,衰亡于约2900aB.P.,诺木洪文化在这发展过程中受气候波动的影响曾出现一次文化断层,由此可将诺木洪文化分为前后两期。环境变化是柴达木盆地史前古人类文明兴衰重要决定因素。     

近40 a黄河乌兰布和沙漠段河道演变特征

基于Landsat系列卫星遥感数据,利用目视解译法提取黄河乌兰布和沙漠段近40 a夏季河道演变特征值,对比分析两岸河道演变特征并分析其变化原因.结果表明:①以乌海水利枢纽为起点,1973-2015年黄河乌兰布和沙漠段左岸堆积面积最大的河段分布在11.5 ～36.7 km处,右岸堆积面积最大的河段分布在61.5～73.1 km处;②1973-2015年黄河乌兰布和沙漠段堆积与侵蚀总面积分别为82.73 km2和5.28 km2,其中1973-1989、1989-2000、2000-2005、2005-2008、2008-2010年和2010-2015年各时期的堆积速率分别为1.52 km2·a-1、2.36kim2·a-1、3.70km2 ·a-1、2.45 km2 ·a-1、1.22 km2·a-1和0.84 km2·a-1.黄河乌兰布和沙漠段整体呈现淤积状态,河道萎缩并向右迁移;③随着石嘴山水文站年均径流量的增大,河岸堆积速率呈逐渐降低趋势,而侵蚀速率变化趋势则正好相反.该研究有利于了解黄河上游沙漠宽谷河段的河道演变特征,为沙漠地区植被恢复及当地环境的治理提供理论依据.     

高校科研合作网络及演化研究——以京津冀地区211及省部共建高校为例

[目的/意义]京津冀协同发展是党中央作出的重大战略决策,科研合作是京津冀协同创新发展的重要方面。[方法/过程]笔者基于CNKI检索京津冀地区211及省部共建的26所高校在2008年—2017年发表的合著论文数,运用定量分析、社会网络分析方法,借助Ucinet绘制科研合作网络图谱,从而探讨京津冀地区高校科研合作网络现状及演化规律。[结果/结论]研究结果发现,高校科研实力强劲是形成科研合作的基础,清华大学、北京大学、中国人民大学、北京师范大学、北京科技大学、北京航空航天大学和北京交通大学在科研合作网络中处于核心地位;地域聚集特性是影响科研合作关系强弱的主要因素;各类大学归属于不同的块模型,占据不同位置和角色,具有不同的结构功能和作用;京津冀地区高校科研合作经过10年间的发展,已经形成一个动态演化的网络。     

Damage Constitutive Equation and Experiment of Layered Rock

The microcosmical study on many speciments of sedimentary rock by SEM and petrography theory show that rock is formed of microcrystalline and micropore with all kinds of forms.Therefrom the microstructure model of rock is established.Further the three dimensional nonlinear damage constitutive equation and damage evolution equation of layered rock including respective process of damage evolution,mechanical parameter,effective stresses,and unequal biaxial stress in different rocks are derived.The results of the experiment indicate that the theoretical curve is fairly close to the experimental curve.     

Identification of molecular markers associated with sugar-related traits in a <Emphasis Type="Italic">Saccharum</Emphasis> interspecific cross

The cultivated sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids, 2n = 100–130) is one crop for which interspecific hybridization involving wild germplasm has provided a major breakthrough in its improvement. Few clones were used in the initial hybridization event leading to a narrow genetic base for continued cultivar development. Molecular breeding would facilitate the identification and introgression of novel alleles/genes from the wild germplasm into cultivated sugarcane. We report the identification of molecular markers associated with sugar-related traits using an F₁ population derived from a cross between S. officinarum ‘Louisiana Striped’ × S. spontaneum ‘SES 147B’, the two major progenitor species of cultivated sugarcane. Genetic linkage maps of the S. officinarum and S. spontaneum parents were produced using the AFLP, SRAP and TRAP molecular marker techniques. The mapping population was evaluated for sugar-related traits namely, Brix (B) and pol (P) at the early (E) and late (L) plant growing season in the plant cane (04) and first ratoon (05) crops (04EB, 04LB, 04LP, 05EB and 05EP). For S. officinarum, combined across all the traits, a total of 30 putative QTLs was observed with LOD scores ranging from 2.51 to 7.48. The phenotypic variation (adj. R²) explained by all QTLs per trait ranged from 22.1% (04LP) to 48.4% (04EB). For S. spontaneum, a total of 11 putative QTLs was observed with LOD scores ranging from 2.62 to 4.70 and adj. R² ranging from 9.3% (04LP) to 43.0% (04LB). Nine digenic interactions (iQTL) were observed in S. officinarum whereas only three were observed in S. spontaneum. About half of the QTLs contributed by both progenitor species were associated with effects on the trait that was contrary to expectations based on the phenotype of the parent contributing the allele. Quantitative trait loci and their associated effects were consistent across crop-years and growing seasons with very few QTLs being unique to the early season. When the data were reanalyzed using the non-parametric discriminant analysis (DA) approach, significant marker-trait associations were detected for markers that were either identical to or in the vicinity of markers previously identified using the traditional QTL approach. Discriminant analysis also pointed to previously unidentified markers some of which remained unlinked on the map. These preliminary results suggest that DA could be used as a complementary approach to traditional QTL analysis in a crop like sugarcane for which saturated linkage maps are unavailable or difficult to obtain.     

三种脲酶抑制剂对尿素氮转化的影响

对氢醌(HQ),苯基磷酸二酰胺(PPDA),N-正丁基硫代磷酸三酰胺(NBPT)三种脲酶抑制剂在通气和淹水土壤中对尿素水解转化的研究表明,三种抑制剂都明显延迟尿素水解,减少氮素损失。在通气条件下,其作用大小为NBPT>PPDA>HQ;而在淹水条件下,则为 PPDA>HQ>NBPT。1％NBPT在通气条件下和1％PPDA 在淹水条件下,分别使尿素水解延后13和12天,氮素损失减少8％和9％(第15天),且抑制剂的作用随其用量增加而增强,在通气条件下,HQ 对减少氮素损失无明显作用;但在淹水条件下,效果良好。HQ对硝化作用有明显抑制作用。     

紫苏SNP分子标记开发及遗传多样性分析

紫苏(Perillofrutescens(L.))是一种药食兼用型的植物,具有丰富的营养价值和药用价值,本研究利用特异性位点扩增片段测序技术(specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing,SLAF-seq)对30份紫苏种质资源进行了分子标记开发,以'日本晴'(水稻)为对照,测...     

甘蓝型油菜GZ522早花性状形成的分子基础

选择适当早花早熟的油菜资源是解决多熟制生产中冬季作物油菜与其它夏季作物接茬矛盾的关键;早花是早熟的基础,对油菜早花材料的早花形成原因开展研究,有利于通过分子育种加速选育适合生产需要的新品种.本研究选取稳定的早花早熟品系GZ522作为研究对象,以甘蓝型油菜XY15为对照,采用生物统计学和分子生物学方法对其农艺性状和早花形...     

Cytogenetic and genetic relationships between populations of Aegilops ventricosa Tausch

Summary Five samples of Aegilops ventricosa (2n=4x=28, genome formula DDNN) from different geographical origins, were crossed in a diallelic scheme. Metaphase I chromosome pairing of the hybrids, accounting for all the possible genetic combinations, was analysed. Only bivalents were formed in some hybrids, while multivalents were scored in other ones. Seed storage proteins, gliadins and albumins, were also analysed by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Based on the presence of multivalents in hybrids, and on the differences in seed protein profiles, the samples could be grouped into two clusters. Meiosis was regular in hybrids obtained within samples of the same group, while multivalents were present in hybrids involving a sample of one group and one of the other. The evolutionary trends in Ae. ventricosa are discussed.