Diet composition of largemouth black bass, Micropterus salmoides (Lacepède), in southern Portuguese reservoirs: its relation to habitat characteristics

Abstract  During the summer of 1990 the diet of Micropterus salmoides (Lacepède) was studied in four southern Portuguese reservoirs. The dominant food items were insects (especially Odonata and Ephemeroptera naiads, and Odonata and Hemiptera adults), the crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (Girard), and pumpkinseed sunfish, Lepomis gibbosus (L.). There was an increase in the consumption of L. gibbosus as bass changed from 100–200 mm total length to over 200 mm, and a corresponding decline in the insect and crayfish components. Carp, Cyprinus carpio L., and other benthic cyprinids were absent from the stomach contents. The association between the different prey consumed and the habitat characteristics are discussed in relation to the feeding ecology of largemouth bass, an exotic species in Portugal.     

Temperature preference and oxygen consumption of the largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides (Lacépède) acclimated to different temperatures

The behavioural and metabolic responses of the largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides (Lacépède) to temperature were determined to define optimal thermal conditions. The final preferendum of largemouth bass juveniles determined with acute and gravitation methods was independent of the method (29.0–28.1 °C). The displacement velocity in the horizontal thermal gradient of bass juveniles was 22.4 cm h⁻¹ in the light phase and 22.6 cm h⁻¹ in the dark phase. Oxygen consumption rates in the largemouth bass increased significantly (P<0.05) from 48.8 to 69.4 mg O₂ Kg⁻¹ h⁻¹ with an increase in the acclimation temperature from 20 to 33 °C. The temperature quotient (Q₁₀) in the juveniles was 1.37–2.00 in the range of acclimation temperatures of 26–29 and 29–32 °C. The optimum temperature range for growth calculated using Jobling's equation was 28.1–28.6 °C and for Q₁₀ values 26–29 °C. The results are discussed in relation to the use of this information in aquaculture.     

First record of predation by the alien invasive freshwater fish Micropterus salmoides L. (Centrarchidae) on migrating estuarine fishes in South Africa

This study presents results from stomach content analysis of 123 largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, sampled at the mouth of the fishway leading into a 3 m high weir at the tidal limit of the Kowie River, Eastern Cape Province (33°32‘39“S, 26°46‘ 52.3“E). Stomach contents from small (120–240 mm fork length, FL) and large (250–440mm FL) fish were analysed separately. Fish were the dominant prey item in small bass, followed by terrestrial insects and Potamonautes sp. In large bass, Potamonautes sp. dominated the stomach contents, while fish were less dominant and other prey items were considered incidental. Estuarine fish species, Monodactylus falciformis, and two species of the family Mugilidae, Mugil cephalus and Myxus capensis, were the most common fish prey in both size classes of M. salmoides. These results are the first evidence of the alien M. salmoides preying on these three indigenous estuarine species during their migration into fresh water.     

基于室内循环水系统的大口黑鲈3个品系养殖性能评估

在室内循环水系统开展大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)3个品系养殖生长对比试验。大口黑鲈‘优鲈1号’、‘优鲈3号’、‘浙鲈2号’随机分配到9个养殖缸中,每组设3个重复,每个缸中30尾鱼（初始均重6.08±0.12g）,养殖8周。试验鱼存活率高于98.89%(P>0.05),体生长‘优鲈3号’>‘优鲈1号’>‘浙鲈2号’,但无显著差异(P>0.05);‘浙鲈2号’的体长变异系数和体重变异系数最小(P>0.05)。各品系形态学指标无显著差异(P>0.05)。饲料系数和蛋白质效率最高值分别出现在‘浙鲈2号’和‘优鲈3号’(P<0.05)。肌肉常规营养组成和氨基酸组成均无显著差异(P>0.05)。‘浙鲈2号’的肠蛋白酶和肝脏蛋白酶活性最低(P<0.05)。各品系血清中10项生化指标均无显著差异(P>0.05)。本试验表明大口黑鲈‘优鲈3号’生长性能相对较好;‘浙鲈2号’在体增长、营养组成和血清生理指标等方面的表现和优鲈系列相近,显示出良好的育种潜力。     

加洲鲈与罗非鱼群体的RAPD分析

利用随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）技术对加洲鲈和罗非鱼种群间的亲缘关系进行分析。结果显示加洲鲈与罗非鱼之间的带纹相似系数为0．236,遗传距离为0．764。表明加洲鲈和罗非鱼之间的亲缘关系较远。     

Spatial extent and consequences of black bass (Micropterus spp.) invasion in a Cape Floristic Region river basin

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Recruitment sources and spatial patterns of population demographics of spotted bass in a large river–tributary network

Understanding spatial patterns in population characteristics and the principal natal environments supporting riverine fish populations are important for fisheries management. Fin ray microchemistry was used to identify natal environment, and age estimates from sectioned fin rays were used to estimate growth and mortality rates for spotted bass, Micropterus punctulatus (Rafinesque), in a segment of the Ohio River (Smithland Pool) and three tributaries. Differences in water Sr:Ca and Ba:Ca among the Ohio River and tributaries were reflected in fin ray edge Sr:Ca and Ba:Ca. Fourteen percent of spotted bass ≥ age 2 captured in the Ohio River originated in tributaries, whereas 10% captured in tributaries originated in the Ohio River. Spotted bass in the Ohio River reached larger maximum size (L∞ = 448.7) than conspecifics in tributaries (L∞ = 324.4), although mortality rates were not different. Although 86% of spotted bass were collected in their inferred natal environment, small tributaries may be a supplemental source of recruitment for the spotted bass stock in Smithland Pool.     

大口黑鲈POU1F1启动子区域SNPs对生长的影响

采用基因组步移技术克隆了大口黑鲈垂体特异性转录因子POU1F1启动子序列,该序列全长1 629 bp,预测存在4个八聚体转录因子1(Oct-1)结合位点和TATA框等基本转录元件,1个Homeobox转录因子结合位点和2个cAMP反应元件结合蛋白(CREB)结合位点。采用直接测序法研究发现,大口黑鲈POU1F1启动子序列的-18和-183两个位点存在SNPs,该两个突变位点只检测到A、B两种单倍型。对养殖群体进行不同单倍型的基因频率和生长关联分析,结果表明,单倍型A的等位基因频率为0.246,单倍型B的等位基因频率为0.754;群体关联分析表明,基因型为AA型和AB型的个体在体质量、体长、全长、体高和体宽等方面明显高于BB型个体,但基因型为AB型和AA型的个体之间在体质量方面没有明显差异。该研究结果为下一步进行分子标记辅助选择提供了基础。     

Monitoring warm-water fish populations in north temperate regions: sampling considerations when using proportional stock density

Three lakes were repeatedly sampled at night using boat electric fishing, experimental gill netting, and fyke netting from May to November 1993 to evaluate the feasibility of using proportional stock density (PSD) to monitor warm-water fish populations in Washington State, USA. Additionally, average night-time boat electric fishing catch-per-effort of largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides (Lacepéde), from 30 Washington lakes was also analysed to determine the amount of effort required to obtain adequate samples for precise PSD estimates. Temporal variations in PSD were not large enough to affect the management of warm-water fish populations in the small Washington lakes studied. However, the considerable effort required to obtain precise PSD estimates may limit its usefulness for warm-water fisheries surveys in the Pacific Northwest. On average, from three to 13 nights of electric fishing effort are needed to capture enough stock-length largemouth bass for PSD estimates, depending on the precision desired (80–95%) and the location of the lake (eastern or western Washington). Catch of stock-length fish can be maximized by using electric fishing for centrarchids and gill netting for yellow perch, Perca flavescens (Mitchill), in June or September. Adequate samples for precise PSD estimates can be difficult to obtain from Pacific Northwestern lakes, even when using recommended gear at optimum sampling times. Inability to capture an adequate sample size for precise PSD estimates may be responsible for some of the fluctuation in PSDs in some studies of warm-water fish populations in northern areas. Managers in other northern climates may find that low sample size may account for large variations in PSDs reported.     

大口黑鲈对饲料中蛋氨酸需求量的评定

为了评定大口黑鲈对饲料中蛋氨酸的最适需求量,配制了蛋氨酸含量分别为0.61%,0.82%,0.98%,1.21%,1.42%和1.59%的6水平等氮等能饲料(44.39%粗蛋白质,0.30%胱氨酸,19.81 kJ/g总能),以初始体重为(37.88±0.40)g的大口黑鲈为试验对象,进行了66 d的饲养试验。饲养试验在室内循环水养殖系统中进行,每饲料处理设3个重复,每重复放养试验鱼25尾。饲养试验采取表观饱食投喂,每天投喂两次(8:30和15:30)。试验期间水温(27±1)℃,溶解氧6 mg/L以上。结果表明,试验鱼的特定生长率、饲料效率、蛋白质效率、蛋白沉积率随着饲料中蛋氨酸水平从0.61%到1.21%的升高而显著提高(P<0.05),此后则呈降低的趋势。饲料中蛋氨酸水平对全鱼和肌肉中粗蛋白含量有显著影响(P<0.05);但各组间水分、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。0.61%蛋氨酸的饲料组的肝体比和脏体比显著大于其他组(P<0.05),其他组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。饲料中蛋氨酸水平显著影响血清溶菌酶活力,头肾白细胞吞噬活性及其呼吸爆发活性(P<0.05)。以特定生长率为评价指标经二次回归分析得出,当饲料中的胱氨酸占饲料蛋白质的0.68%时,大口黑鲈对饲料中蛋氨酸的最适需求量为1.22%,占饲料蛋白质的2.75%。