肺气虚证小鼠模型造模方法及其对小鼠免疫功能的影响

为筛选肺气虚证小鼠模型最佳造模方法并验证其免疫功能变化，分别选用SO2法、SO2＋寒冷因素刺激法、香烟烟熏法和香烟烟熏＋寒冷因素刺激法重建肺气虚证小鼠模型，检测其体重、肺脏剖检及病理组织变化等指标，筛选最佳造模方法，并测定其腹腔巨噬细胞活性、体外B细胞抗体分泌能力、血清NO含量、淋巴细胞增殖能力及细胞因子IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IL-10、IFN-γ、TNF-α含量、肺匀浆中sIgA、sIgM水平。结果显示，香烟烟熏＋寒冷因素刺激法小鼠造模完成后出现严重的肺出血、肺组织坏死及炎性细胞浸润等病变，且与对照组小鼠相比，其体重、脾脏指数、胸腺指数分别显著下降18．35％，37．12％，19．69％，肺脏指数显著升高12．73％；小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞活性（P＜0．01）、血清NO水平下降（P＜0．05）；T、B淋巴细胞增殖能力显著升高；细胞因子IL-2（P＜0．01）、IFN-γ、IL-4含量升高（P＜0．05），IL-6含量下降（P＜0．05）；sIgA、sIgM水平均极显著升高。表明，香烟烟熏＋寒冷因素刺激法是肺气虚小鼠模型最佳造模方法，且其免疫功能受损。     

Acute phase response in mice experimentally infected with Trypanosoma congolense: a molecular gauge of parasite-host interaction

Mice infected with Trypanosoma congolense developed a severe anaemia 1 week after infection, which persisted till treatment with diminazine aceturate when the packed cell volume (PCV) recovered to pre-infection levels. This was accompanied by a marked increase in the plasma levels of the acute phase proteins (APP), serum amyloid P-component (SAP) and haptoglobin (Hp). The initial peak levels of Hp and SAP were attained 7 and 12 days post-infection (DPI), respectively. Thereafter SAP levels decreased significantly to near pre-infection levels, but later increased even after treatment to give a second peak 34 DPI after which there was a decline till the study was terminated. The Hp levels on the other hand decreased to an intermediate level after the initial peak increasing to a second peak 22 DPI. Thereafter Hp decreased significantly following diminazine aceturate treatment to reach pre-infection levels within 5 days post-treatment. This indicates that T. congolense-infected mice develop severe anaemia accompanied by an acute phase response leading to an increase in SAP and Hp but that following treatment divergent responses occurred indicating differences in the pathways for stimulation of the APP. Haptoglobin was shown to be an earlier indicator of infection and a better marker in monitoring the response to treatment.     

桑椹素对老龄小鼠肾阳虚症状的疗效试验

为进一步开发桑椹的药用保健功能,研究了桑椹素对老龄肾阳虚小鼠肾损伤的保护作用,并对其机制进行了探讨。将雄性老龄小鼠随机分为正常组和模型组,桑椹素低、中、高剂量组(0.1、0.2、0.4 g/kg)和补肾填精丸组(0.35 g/kg),测定小鼠血清、肾脏一氧化氮(NO)含量变化,观察小鼠肾脏组织结构病理变化。结果表明,模型小鼠以0.2、0.4 g/kg剂量桑椹素灌胃可明显改善肾阳虚症状,显著提高血清、肾脏NO含量,减轻氢化可的松引起的肾脏损害。其作用机制之一可能是通过提高肾脏NO的合成,增加肾血流量和肾小球滤过率,从而减轻对肾脏的损害。     

飞机草总黄酮提取工艺及其急性毒性研究

[目的]优化飞机草总黄酮提取工艺,并研究飞机草总黄酮提取物对小鼠的急性毒性。[方法]以飞机草总黄酮提取率为关键指标,采用超声波辅助乙醇溶剂提取法,通过单因素试验和正交试验设计,对提取时间、提取温度、料液比、乙醇浓度等提取条件进行优化,筛选飞机草总黄酮提取的最佳工艺;以昆明种小鼠为试验动物,进行飞机草总黄酮提取物口服急性毒性试验,测定半数致死LD50和最大耐受量。[结果]飞机草总黄酮的最佳提取工艺为提取时间5 h、提取温度70℃、料液比1∶60(g∶m L)、乙醇浓度70%,飞机草总黄酮提取率为7.13%;飞机草总黄酮提取物对昆明种小鼠的口服LD50未测得,其小鼠口服最大耐受量为80 000 mg/kg。[结论]飞机草总黄酮属于实际无毒物质。     

大豆小分子肽增强小鼠免疫力的实验研究

为通过动物实验检测大豆小分子肽(分子量300～700 Da)对免疫系统的影响及其增强免疫力的作用,分别给受试组小鼠经口灌胃低、中、高剂量(分别为3、6、9 g.kg-1.d-1)的大豆小分子肽溶液30 d后,进行各项免疫指标的检测。结果显示:大豆小分子肽能促进小鼠脾淋巴细胞的转化和迟发型变态反应,提高抗体生成细胞数和血清溶血素水平,增强腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬能力;但对小鼠的NK细胞活性,单核—巨噬细胞的碳廓清能力,体重及免疫器官重量均无显著影响。这表明,大豆小分子肽具有增强机体免疫力的作用。     

红景天提取物对小鼠免疫功能的影响

[目的]探讨红景天[Rhodiola crenulata（Hook.f.et.Thoms.）H.Ohba]提取物对小鼠免疫功能的影响。[方法]将192只BALB/c小鼠随机分为4批,每批分为4组,分别为低、中、高3个剂量组和1个溶剂对照组,连续灌药（20 m l/kg.体重）30 d,测定各免疫指标。[结果]高剂量组红景天提取物可提高小鼠碳廓清能力（P〈0.05）;中剂量和高剂量组能增强绵羊红细胞诱导小鼠DTH能力（P〈0.05）,促进NK细胞活性（P〈0.05）和血清凝血素的生成（P〈0.05）,增加抗体生成细胞数的生成（P〈0.05）,并且能提高小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞的能力（P〈0.05）,但对免疫器官/体重质量值和ConA诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化能力无显著影响。[结论]红景天提取物具有增强正常小鼠免疫力的功能,该研究为开发有食用价值的保健食品提供了试验依据。     

原花青素对肥胖小鼠脂肪沉积的抑制

探讨葡萄籽提取物原花青素对肥胖小鼠脂肪沉积的影响.用高脂日粮饲喂小鼠建立肥胖模型,然后分别用低剂量[50 mg/(kg·d)]、中剂量[100 mg/(kg·d)]和高剂量[200mg/(kg·d)]的葡萄籽提取物原花青素灌胃处理15 d,记录体质量变化,检测血清中TG、T-CHO、LDL-C和HDL-C浓度,检测葡萄糖耐受性和胰岛素耐受性,同时利用Real-ime PCR分析PPARy、C/EBPα、HSL和FAS mRNA的表达水平.结果表明,葡萄籽提取物原花青素可降低肥胖小鼠体质量,并呈现一定的剂量依赖性.各处理组血清中总T-CHO、TG和LDL-C浓度均显著(P＜0.05)或极显著(P＜0.01)降低,而HDL-C浓度显著(P＜0.05)或极显著(P＜0.01)升高.同时,各处理组注射葡萄糖有改善肥胖小鼠高血糖的趋势.注射胰岛素后,原花青素可改善肥胖小鼠对胰岛素的抵抗状况.各处理组附睾脂肪组织中C/EBPa、FAS和PPARyγ基因mRNA的表达水平均显著(P＜0.05)或极显著(P＜0.01)低于对照组,而HSL mRNA表达水平则呈现显著(P＜0.05)或极显著(P＜0.01)升高.由此可知,葡萄籽提取物原花青素可抑制肥胖小鼠脂肪沉积,降低血脂,同时通过影响脂代谢相关基因的表达和葡萄糖、胰岛素耐受性共同调节小鼠脂肪代谢.     

灰树花多糖对小鼠免疫功能的影响

[目的]探讨灰树花（Grifola frondosa）多糖对小鼠的免疫功能的作用。[方法]将30只昆明系小白鼠随机分为3组,每组10只,试验组分别灌喂300（低剂量组）、600 mg/kg（高剂量组）灰树花多糖15 d,对照组灌胃蒸馏水,研究灰树花多糖对小鼠免疫器官增重和血液生化指标的影响。[结果]低剂量组小鼠胸腺指数显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）;试验组（低剂量组和高剂量组）脾脏指数分别极显著或显著高于对照组（P〈0.01,P〈0.05）;低剂量组小鼠血清总蛋白和球蛋白水平分别显著或极显著高于对照组（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;低剂量组血清总胆固醇水平显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）;低剂量组血清免疫球蛋白IgG含量显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）。[结论]低剂量灰树花多糖组能有效提高小鼠脾脏质量,提高小鼠血清抗体水平,降低血清总胆固醇水平,具有明显增强小鼠免疫能力和降低血脂的功能。     

Cytokine profiles, apoptosis and pathology of experimental Pasteurella multocida serotype A1 infection in mice

Mice were experimentally infected with Pasteurella multocida serotype A1 to study the cytokine profiles, host cell apoptosis and sequential pathology at different hours of post-infection. Infected mice were dull, anorectic and depressed. A transient leukocytopenia followed by progressive leukocytosis was observed in the course of infection. Serum cytokine profiles showed significantly (P < 0.01) higher amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and mouse KC) in the infected mice when compared to control mice. The circulating lymphocytes were apoptotic on annexin V staining. Apoptotic nuclei were detected in splenocytes, hepatocytes and infiltrating leukocytes of the lungs on TUNEL staining. The lungs were grossly congested and hemorrhagic, and showed infiltration with polymorphonuclear cells at early and mononuclear cells in the late hours of infection. Alveolar epithelia, inter-alveolar septa and capillary endothelium of the lungs showed ultrastructural changes. Liver had degenerative changes in histological and ultrathin sections.     

岗梅根醇提液对小鼠的半数致死量(LD_(50))的测定

用寇氏(k-rber)法测定了岗梅根醇提液腹腔注射对小鼠的半数致死量(LD5)0,结果显示,岗梅根醇提液腹腔注射的LD50为37 786.27 mg/kg,95%可信限为33 744.27～42 315.55 mg/kg。表明岗梅根醇提液属实际无毒级,临床日用量安全。