茶多酚中儿茶素类的HPLC分析方法学考察

本文建立了一种非梯度洗脱的儿茶素HPLC定性定量分析方法 ,同时对茶多酚中的四种主要儿茶素(EC ,EGCG ,ECG ,EGC)考察了其方法学。得到最佳色谱条件为 :ODS (5 μm ,4 6× 2 5 0mm)柱 ,以重蒸水∶乙睛∶乙酸乙酯 =86∶12∶2 (v v v)为流动相 (浓硫酸调pH值至 3 0～ 4 0 ) ,流速为 1 0ml min ,UV检测波长 2 80nm。探讨了分离测定条件并验证其精密度及方法的稳定性     

响应曲面法在刨花板制造中的应用

笔者应用响应曲面法建立目标参数模型,对不同工艺条件下的刨花板制造的模型进行了详细分析和讨论。并得出刨花板性能指标的相应分析模型和实验室条件下的优化工艺参数。结果表明:最优工艺条件为含水率达到A=14.7%;施胶量B=18.09%;热压温度C=155.78℃。实测内结合强度为1.09MPa,静曲强度为18.28MPa,吸水厚度膨胀率为4.82%。试验结果均符合国标指定要求,响应面法模型拟合效果较好。     

Influence of NH4-application on gross N turnover rates in soil

Determination of gross N mineralization rate in soil, by use of the isotopic pool dilution approach implies that ¹⁵NH₄⁺ is applied homogeneously to soil. Since the labeling is applied to the product of the mineralization, the application of ¹⁵NH₄⁺ should in theory not alter the mineralization rate. However, recent studies have indicated inverse relation between the amounts of ¹⁵NH₄⁺ applied and the determined gross N mineralization rates, due to overestimated rates when ‘low’ amounts of ¹⁵NH₄⁺ were added, as a result of preferential ¹⁵NH₄⁺ consumption. We present here results from a similar study. We observed no effect from the amount of applied NH₄⁺ on the measured gross N mineralization rates. Our results indicate, that the inverse relation as described earlier, probably was due to underestimated rates when ‘high’ amounts of ¹⁵NH₄⁺ were added, as a result of preferential ¹⁴NH₄⁺ consumption, when the applied ¹⁵NH₄⁺ was incomplete distribution in the soil.     

中国小麦产业发展与科技进步

文章总结分析了新中国成立以来中国小麦生产发展和品种选育与栽培技术研究的历史进程。小麦生产发展分为4个阶段,即1949—1957年恢复性增长、1958—1978年稳定增长、1979—1999年单产快速增长和2000—2016年产量质量同步提升。简要介绍了1949年前的育种起步历史,1950年以后小麦育种取得了巨大进展,经历了抗病稳产早熟、矮化抗倒高产和高产优质高效3个阶段,矮秆基因和1B/1R易位系利用与株型改良起到关键作用,育成了碧蚂1号、泰山4号、扬麦158、豫麦21、济麦22等突破性品种,主产麦区经历了8~9次品种更新换代。黄淮麦区的矮秆高产育种和长江中下游麦区的抗赤霉病育种在国际上产生重要影响。概括了种质资源、远缘杂交、矮败小麦、品质改良、兼抗型成株抗性育种、基因组学等领域的新进展。小麦栽培研究经历了4个阶段,20世纪50年代以合理密植为核心,20世纪六七十年代重点研究不同麦区小麦生长发育规律与高产栽培历程,20世纪80年代提出了各主要麦区栽培技术模式包括精播高产、节水高产等技术,20世纪90年代以优质和信息技术应用为主。未来产业发展面临提升质量、降低成本和保护环境三大挑战,气候变化、病害加重、缺乏优质高效抗病品种制约生产发展,建议加强优质抗病高效品种选育与新技术应用研究,实现栽培研究与植保、土肥、农机等有机结合,以全面提高小麦产业的竞争力。     

绿色食品生产基地环境质量评价方法概述

环境质量评价经过半个世纪的发展,在环境评价的程序和方法等各方面均在不断完善,目前我国绿色食品生产基地环境质量评价多采用单项污染指数法和综合污染指数法,这种评价方法形式简单,计算方便,但从方法本身和国际环境监测发展趋势来看却未必是最佳方案.近些年来,国内外有关学者对评价方法做了大量的研究,引入了模糊数学、运筹学等评价方法,并已成为环境质量评价方法的一个趋势.     

Quality of Reporting of Clinical Trials of Dogs and Cats and Associations with Treatment Effects

Background: To address concerns about the quality of reporting of randomized controlled trials, and the potential for biased treatment effects in poorly reported trials, medical journals have adopted a common set of reporting guidelines, the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement, to improve the reporting of randomized controlled trials.
Hypothesis: The reporting of clinical trials involving dogs and cats might not be ideal, and this might be associated with biased treatment effects.
Animals: Dogs and cats used in 100 randomly selected reports of clinical trials.
Methods: Data related to methodological quality and completeness of reporting were extracted from each trial. Associations between reporting of trial features and the proportion of positive treatment effects within trials were evaluated by generalized linear models.
Results: There were substantive deficiencies in reporting of key trial features. An increased proportion of positive treatment effects within a trial was associated with not reporting: the method used to generate the random allocation sequence ( P < .001), the use of double blinding ( P < .001), the inclusion criteria for study subjects ( P = .003), baseline differences between treatment groups ( P = .006), the measurement used for all outcomes ( P = .002), and possible study limitations ( P = .03).
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Many clinical trials involving dogs and cats in the literature do not report details related to methodological quality and aspects necessary to evaluate external validity. There is some evidence that these deficiencies are associated with treatment effects. There is a need to improve reporting of clinical trials, and guidelines, such as the CONSORT statement, can provide a valuable tool for meeting this need.     

尿素检测方法建立及方法学考察

[目的]通过紫外分光光度法建立氮肥中尿素含量的测定方法。[方法]利用紫外分光光度计,根据Ehrlich反应,二甲氨基苯甲醛可以与含氮的有机化学物发生显色反应,此物质在403 nm处有最大吸收峰,颜色的深浅与测定的尿素含量呈正比,因此通过测定反应液在403 nm处的吸光值来确定尿素溶液中尿素含量。[结果]得到尿素检测标准曲线为y=0.004 3x+0.009 9(R2=0.999 2),尿素浓度在3.75～210μg/ml之间呈良好线性关系,平均回收率为96.83%,RSD=0.2%。[结论]该方法准确度、精密度良好,可以用来测定尿素的含量。     

Soil ciliates (Protozoa: Ciliophora) from evergreen rain forests of Australia, South America and Costa Rica: diversity and description of new species

This paper provides, for the first time, comprehensive data on alpha diversity of soil ciliates from evergreen tropical and temperate rain forests. Thirty-three samples were collected in Australia, Tasmania, Amazonia and Costa Rica and analysed with the non-flooded Petri dish method, which reactivates the ciliates’ resting cysts from air-dried samples. The 175 taxa found contained 34 new species, 4 of which are described in this paper, viz. Platyophrya paoletti n. sp., Lamtostyla abdita n. sp., L. granulifera n. sp., and Apoamphisiella tihanyiensis (Gellért and Tamás 1958) n. gen., n. comb. Although this is a considerable number, it is much lower than one would expect. The data would be even more perplexing if the four rich samples (up to 90 species/sample) from the Manaus floodplain were excluded. We then would be confronted with about 90 taxa in 29 samples, of which 13 contained fewer than ten species. A hypothesis is put forward that the non-flooded Petri dish method is inappropriate for studying soil ciliate diversity in evergreen rain forests because most species have a reduced capacity to produce dry-resistant (protective) resting cysts due to the permanent wetness of their habitats. This view is supported by a comparative analysis of a fresh (containing 40 species) and air-dried/rewetted (2 species only) sample from a cloud rain forest near Merida (Venezuela), and the observation that the capacity of soil ciliates to produce resting cysts often dramatically decreases after prolonged laboratory cultivation in liquid media. Direct microscopy of fresh samples seems to be an appropriate alternative because specimens can be easily collected due to their considerable abundance (≥1000 individuals/g wet mass of litter). Received: 8 April 1997     

两株真菌混合发酵产纤维素酶的条件及其优化

采用两株真菌X-13和X-6分别进行单菌和混合菌固态发酵产纤维素酶能力对比,结果表明两株菌混合固态发酵时,纤维素酶活比单独固态发酵分别提高了31.0%和40.7%.通过单因素实验选出了最适合混菌发酵产酶的秸秆和氮源分别为稻草秸秆和硫酸铵;最适装瓶量为250 mL装5 g;最适产酶温度为30℃;最佳产酶时间为4～6 d....