Unilateral malignant melanoma of the adrenal gland with metastatic spread to the thorax in a horse

A 7-year-old grey horse that had a history of inappetence, weight loss, weakness, dyspnoea, coughing and intermittent colic was examined post-mortem. A melanoma, confirmed histologically, was found in the right adrenal gland and had eroded into the posterior vena cava. Thoracic metastases were also identified. The skin, including the legs, trunk and perineum was normal with no evidence of melanomas. This was considered to be a primary, malignant melanoma, a novel finding in the adrenal gland of the horse.     

丹参酮I抑制小鼠B16黑色素瘤细胞研究

将丹参酮I（含量为90%）配制成不同浓度作用于体外培养的B16细胞,对B16细胞用MTT法检测药物对细胞生长抑制率,收集并采用PI染色,观察细胞的形态,通过流式细胞术（FCM）检测细胞周期及凋亡率。结果表明：不同质量浓度的（5、4、3μg/mL）丹参酮I对B16细胞的抑制作用均有明显的剂量和时间效应;丹参酮I可以使B16细胞周期的构成发生明显的变化;丹参酮I对B16细胞的生长有明显的抑制作用,作用机制之一是使S期细胞的比例降低,促使细胞凋亡。     

Infrared digital imaging of the equine anterior segment

Ocular photographs are an increasingly important method of documenting lesions for inclusion in medical records, teaching purposes, and research. Availability of affordable high-quality digital imaging equipment has allowed for enhanced capture of desired images because of immediate on-camera viewing and editing. Conversion of the standard digital camera sensor to one that is sensitive to infrared light (i.e. > 760 nm < 1 mm wavelength) can be done inexpensively. In the equine eye, advantages of infrared digital photography include increased contrast of anterior segment images, identification and monitoring of pigmentary changes, and increased visualization of the anterior segment through a cloudy or edematous cornea.     

Immunohistochemical expression of MDR1‐Pgp 170 in canine cutaneous and oral melanomas: pattern of expression and association with tumour location and phenotype

Canine melanoma (CMM) more commonly affects the oral mucosa and the cutis. CMM shares several features with human melanomas (HMM), included resistance to a broad variety of antineoplastic chemotherapy agents. P‐glycoprotein 1 (Pgp) expression is a well‐recognized feature of multi‐drug resistance and the purpose of this study was to investigate its expression in treatment naïve CMM. We also investigated Pgp association with tumour location and histological features. Histology records of CMM were retrieved, including patients from 2012–2014. Twenty‐five cases of CMM were included in this study. Results revealed that Pgp is expressed in CMM and oral tumours were more likely to have a membranous Pgp expression (100%) than cutaneous tumours (66.6%) (P = 0.010). Cytoplasmic and nuclear Pgp expression could also be identified. Results of this study bring useful data that help in understanding one of the possible mechanisms responsible of intrinsic chemotherapy resistance in canine CMM.     

Conjunctival malignant melanoma in a horse

A case of malignant melanoma originating from the conjunctiva of a horse is reported. The tumor exhibited locally aggressive behavior as evidenced clinically by recurrence following two treatment episodes including surgical excision on each occasion and one application of cryotherapy. The orbit was subsequently exenterated and histologically malignant conjunctival melanoma was confirmed. Histopathologic features included variable pigmentation with amelanotic sites demonstrating marked cellular and nuclear pleomorphism with high numbers of mitotic figures. Cords of neoplastic cells invaded the sclera and cornea. Following exenteration, the horse exhibited no recurrence of the tumor for five years before being lost to follow-up. To our knowledge, this is the first report of primary malignant conjunctival melanoma in a horse.     

Pigmented squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva of a horse

Abstract A heavily pigmented tumor was removed from the lateral, perilimbal, bulbar conjunctiva of a bay Thoroughbred horse. Excision was incomplete and the base of the tumor was lasered on the assumption that the tumor was a melanoma. No other ophthalmic lesions were seen. Histology showed the mass to be a pigmented squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The prognosis and recommended treatment protocols are different for SCC and melanoma. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first report of an ocular, pigmented SCC in the veterinary literature.     

Malignant ocular melanoma in a dog

A mongrel male dog of three years old was referred to the Seoul National University Veterinary Teaching Hospital following a one month history of glaucoma. On ophthalmic examination, hyphema, glaucoma, uveitis, iridal mass, and loss of vision were noted in the right eye. Ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed a mass with involvement of the entire uvea. Radiographic evaluation did not reveal any evidence of distant metastasis. The right eye was surgically removed because of the high likelihood of neoplasia. A histologic diagnosis of malignant uveal melanoma was made.     

新城疫病毒HN基因与鸡贫血病病毒VP3基因对小鼠黑色素瘤的联合抑制效应

在 C57BL/6小鼠的左后肢肌肉注射脂质体包裹的含新城疫病毒 HN基因和鸡贫血病病毒 VP3基因的重组质粒。 2周后 ,在左后肢相同部位皮下接种 B16黑色素瘤细胞 2× 10 5个 ,致瘤 2、10 d后 ,分别肌注相同的重组质粒 .通过细胞毒 T淋巴细胞和自然杀伤细胞 (NK)以及小鼠血清中唾液酸含量的测定 ,探讨新城疫病毒抑瘤的机制以及新城疫病毒 HN基因与鸡贫血病病毒 VP3基因的协同抑瘤效应。结果表明 ,与对照组相比 ,注射含 HN基因和 VP3基因的重组质粒可使荷瘤鼠的肿瘤体积缩小。用新城疫病毒或含新城疫病毒 HN基因重组质粒治疗的荷瘤鼠 ,NK活性、CTL 活性明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,血清中唾液酸含量低于对照组 ,但差异均不显著 (P >0 .0 5 )。从而证明新城疫病毒 HN基因能够增强小鼠对移植瘤的免疫杀伤力 ,是新城疫病毒发挥抗肿瘤作用的主要功能性基因。     

A matched observational study of canine survival with primary intraocular melanocytic neoplasia

A retrospective histopathologic study was performed to evaluate the effect of primary intraocular melanocytic neoplasia on canine survival. Tumor size, location within the globe, extent of infiltration, and mitotic index were analyzed for their potential to predict survival. A total of 244 cases of dogs with melanocytic tumors submitted to the Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin from 1988 to 1998 were evaluated. Histopathologic criteria (mitotic index, cytologic features of anaplasia) were used to differentiate 188 benign melanocytomas from 56 malignant melanomas. Signalment evaluation of age, sex, and breed revealed similarities in both tumor populations, with the majority of tumors discovered in 9-year-old, female/spayed, mixed-breed dogs. A greater percentage of left eyes (66%) vs. right eyes (47%) was found in the melanoma population, but an equal distribution was found in the melanocytoma population (48% and 52%, respectively). The majority of tumors arose from the anterior uveal tract (79% in the melanocytoma and 95% in the malignant melanoma populations). The German Shepherd breed was predisposed in the limbal distribution. At the time of enucleation, most tumors had invaded the sclera, but did not show extrascleral extension (51% in the melanocytoma and 61% in the malignant melanoma populations). Survival analysis showed a significant difference in survival between control and malignant melanoma populations ( P  = 0.0081) and was suggestive of a difference between the melanocytoma and melanoma populations ( P  = 0.031). Tumor extension, tumor size, and mitotic index were not found to be reliable predictors of survival.