美洲大蠊提取物对四氧嘧啶性糖尿病小鼠作用研究

[目的]研究美洲大蠊(MZDL)提取物对四氧嘧啶性糖尿病小鼠血糖的影响。[方法]四氧嘧啶诱发糖尿病小鼠后,随机分为模型组(MC),二甲双胍组(250 mg/kg),美洲大蠊提取物低剂量(25 mg/kg)、中剂量(50 mg/kg)、高剂量(100 mg/kg)5个组,模型组给予同体积生理盐水,分别于试验第7、14、212、8天各测定小鼠空腹血糖和体重,第25～28天每天记录进食饮水量。28 d后取血测血清中一氧化氮合酶(NOS)含量。[结果]3个剂量的美洲大蠊提取物均能减缓糖尿病小鼠消瘦和多饮多食的症状。在试验中中、高剂量组糖尿病小鼠血糖降低(P<0.05)。MZDL中、高剂量组NOS含量低于MG(P<0.01)。[结论]美洲大蠊提取物对四氧嘧啶致糖尿病小鼠具有一定的保护作用,其机制可能与其降低一氧化氮合酶水平有关。     

黑曲霉A9葡萄糖氧化酶的酶学性质研究

为研究葡萄糖氧化酶的酶学性质,对黑曲霉A9发酵液提取纯化,酶蛋白达到电泳纯,然后对纯酶进行酶学性质研究。结果表明:葡萄糖氧化酶的分子量为138 200 Da,糖基化程度为2.67%,最适pH为6.7,最适温度为30℃,该酶的pH稳定范围较宽,而且热稳定性很好,Ag+、Hg2+、亚硫酸氢钠对酶有强烈的抑制作用,该酶对葡萄糖的Km值为35.74 mmol/L。该研究表明,黑曲霉葡萄糖氧化酶具有潜在的应用价值,最适合应用于食品、医药及生物等领域。     

黄绿木霉菌诱变菌株的初步研究

通过对木霉的孢悬液进行紫外线和亚硝酸钠复合诱变，经刚果红培养基鉴定筛得5株突变菌株。利用液体培养发酵，对各菌株的CMC酶活测定发现，其中Ⅱ号：Ⅲ号突变菌株的CMC酶活分别比原菌株提高了150％和65％，并均具有很好的抗葡萄糖阻遏效应。     

利用高密度SNP对猪血糖和糖基化血清蛋白性状的全基因组关联分析

【目的】测定苏太猪和白色杜洛克×二花脸F₂资源家系240 d血糖（glucose,GLU）和糖基化血清蛋白（glycosylated serum proteins,GSP）浓度,采用全基因组关联分析定位影响GLU和GSP的染色体位点,为最终鉴别影响该性状的因果基因奠定基础,同时为人类低血糖症和糖尿病的遗传学研究提供参考。【方法】分别将435头苏太猪和760头白色杜洛克×二花脸F2资源家系F₂个体在相同条件下饲养至240日龄进行统一屠宰,收集血液后分离血清,利用全自动生化分析仪测定GLU和GSP浓度。采集猪只耳组织提取DNA并测定DNA浓度。将质检合格的DNA样品利用Illumina porcine 60K SNP芯片判定基因型。运用PLINK软件对SNP判型结果进行质控,将合格的SNP标记用于后续的关联性分析,利用广义混合线性模型及R语言GenABEL软件包进行全基因组关联分析,定位影响苏太猪和白色杜洛克×二花脸F₂资源家系240 d血清GLU和GSP含量的染色体位点。根据全基因组关联分析结果从Ensembl或NCBI网站上分析可能的位置候选基因。【结果】全基因组关联分析共检测到5个与血清GLU和GSP达染色体显著水平相关的SNP位点。其中白色杜洛克×二花脸F₂资源群体在10号染色体（SSC10）24.67Mb处定位到与血清GSP含量显著相关的SNP（ALGA0057739,P=1.58×10^-5）,解释表型变异为3.72%。苏太猪群体共检测到2个与血清GSP显著相关的SNP（ALGA0108699和DRGA0017552,P=1.45×10^-5）,解释表型变异均为3.72%。使用猪参考基因组序列（10.2版本）,无法定位到具体的染色体位置。通过人、猪比较基因组分析,这两个SNP都位于SSC8,距STPG2基因3’端约180.0-193.0 kb。将两个群体进行Meta分析,未发现新的与GSP显著相关的SNP;在1号染色体250.32Mb处（DRGA0002016,P=2.48×10^-5）和14号染色体43.97Mb处（ASGA0062984,P=1.29×10^-5）,定位到与血清GLU显著相关的SNP。通过搜寻显著相关SNP所在染色体区域内的注释基因,发现ASPM、TRPM3和KCTD10 等基因是影响血清GSP和GLU的重要候选基因。【结论】检测到5个显著影响猪血清GLU和GSP的SNP位点。这些SNP位点所处染色体区域内的ASPM、TRPM3、STPG2和KCTD10基因是影响血清GSP和GLU的重要候选基因。     

左归降糖益肾方含药血浆对高糖培养小鼠足细胞凋亡的影响

目的 探讨在高糖作用下,体外培养的小鼠足细胞凋亡及bax、bcl-2表达水平的变化,及左归降糖益肾方含药血浆的调控作用。方法 将体外培养的小鼠足细胞随机分为空白组（A组,25 mmoL/L葡萄糖,10%空白血浆）、高糖组（B组,200 mmoL/L葡萄糖,10%空白血浆）、左归降糖益肾方含药血浆组（C组,200 mmoL/L葡萄糖,10%含药血浆）,4-苯基丁酸（4-PBA）含药血浆组（D组,200 mmoL/L葡萄糖,10%含药血浆）。采用间接免疫荧光细胞化学法检测足细胞凋亡情况;MTT自动比色法检测足细胞活力,蛋白质印迹法和逆转录-聚合酶链反应法分别检测bax及bcl-2蛋白或mRNA表达水平的变化。结果 与A组相比,B组足细胞活力降低,bax及 bcl-2蛋白或mRNA的表达水平均升高（P<0.01）;与B组相比,C组、D组足细胞活力升高,bax蛋白或mRNA的表达水平均降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）,bcl-2蛋白或mRNA的表达水平均升高（P<0.01）;与C组比,D组足细胞活力升高（P<0.05）,但bax及bcl-2蛋白或mRNA的表达水平,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 bax及bcl-2蛋白或mRNA表达水平的升高,是足细胞损伤的分子机制之一;左归降糖益肾方含药血浆可以通过影响bax及bcl-2蛋白或mRNA的表达水平,从而抑制足细胞凋亡。     

青梅果药理学作用研究进展

对青梅果的抗菌作用、抗病毒作用、抗肿瘤作用、代谢调节作用及其他药理学作用近年来的研究成果进行综述,以期为青梅的深入研究和开发利用提供参考。     

葡萄糖和尿素对新鲜水稻秸秆氨化品质的影响

为研究葡萄糖和尿素对新鲜水稻秸秆氨化品质的影响,采用不同质量分数的葡萄糖(0、4 g/kg)和尿素(0、2、4和6 g/kg)对水稻卓两优141的新鲜秸秆进行氨化处理,常温氨化50 d后开包取样分析各项指标。结果表明:氨化饲料中黄曲霉毒素、伏马毒素、玉米赤酶烯酮含量检测结果符合饲料卫生标准;尿素和葡萄糖的交互作用对氨态氮、可溶性碳水化合物和半纤维素含量有显著作用。随着尿素浓度的增加,各处理的pH值显著升高,氨态氮和粗蛋白(CP)含量显著增加,6 g/kg尿素处理组的中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、酸性洗涤木质素(ADL)降解效果最好;4 g/kg葡萄糖处理显著降低了秸秆NDF、ADF、ADL和氨态氮含量,显著增加了秸秆可溶性碳水化合物(WSC)和粗蛋白(CP)的含量。综合分析,添加葡萄糖可以提高水稻秸秆的营养价值,4 g/kg葡萄糖+6 g/kg尿素处理组的氨化效果最佳。     

Gene Discovery and Characterization from Non-sequenced Medicinal Plants

Plant-derived secondary metabolites still constitute important resources for currently prescribed drugs and for the discovery of active principles which are effective in new indication areas. Promising compounds are often exclusively found in wild medicinal plants and the classical plant-based pharmaceutical production approach has been hampered by low yields, lack of reproducibility and the high complexity of plant extracts （Rischer and Oksman-Caldentey, 2005）. Influencing the accumulation of target compounds by breeding or genetic engineering is greatly impeded because in most cases the general biosynthetic routes are incompletely understood.     

Tyrosine Ameliorates Some of the Clinical,Biochemical and Haematological Effects of Acute Stress Associated with Transportation of Desert Sheep

We studied some clinical, biochemical and haematological variables in Desert (Najdi) sheep acutely stressed in the course of individual road transportation, and the influence thereon of pretreatment with tyrosine. Transportation for 30 min resulted in variable but statistically insignificant increases in heart, pulse and respiratory rates. It also caused significant increases in the plasma concentration of cortisol (from 43.5 to 101.7 mmol/L) and glucose (from 3.1 to 4.5 mmol/L), and a decrease in that of magnesium (from 0.85 to 0.72 mmol/L). The endogenous thiocyanate level was unaffected. The transportation stress also decreased the haematocrit (PCV) and the number of lymphocytes, and increased the concentration of haemoglobin. Pretreatment of sheep with tyrosine at a dose of 100 mg/kg by the intravenous route significantly ameliorated the stress-induced clinical, biochemical and haematological changes. The treatment caused no overt adverse effects.     

Evolution of Fructosaminaemia and Glucaemia during the Growth of Unweaned and Early Weaned Half-bred Zebu Calves

The purposes of the study were to obtain the confidence intervalsfor serum fructosamine concentrations in unweaned and early weaned calves, to verify the changes in this glycated protein during growth, when glucaemia declines, and to assess the changes in both parameters attributable to stress or alarm. Sixty out of 120 suckling half-bred zebu calves (60–75 days old) were weaned at day 0 and then received a commercial balanced diet, while the remainder continued to suck. Blood samples were taken at 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 60, 90 and 120 days and the serum fructosamine and glucose concentrations were measured by conventional methods. Both biochemical parameters declined with time, but there were no statistical differences between the unweaned and weaned calves. The fall in fructosamine concentration correlated significantly with the decline in glucose concentrations in both groups. The confidence interval for fructosamine concentration decreased with age, from 294–303 mol/L at 2 months old to 215–232 mol/L at 6 months old. At the same time, glucaemia declined from 7.5–8.6 mmol/L to 4.8–5.3 mmol/L. Acute elevations in glucaemia, especially in the younger calves, were attributed to alarms, such as those caused by handling and blood extraction. The absence of resultant increases in fructosamine concentration discounts the existence of prolonged hyperglucaemias (stress) in early weaned calves.