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101.
小尾寒羊泌乳期母羊能量需要量及代谢规律研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
选择有代表性的小尾寒羊泌乳母羊6只,分成哺育单羔和双羔两组,每组3只,分泌乳前期(1~30天),泌乳中期(31~60天)和泌乳后期(61~90天)3个阶段进行饲养试验、消化代谢试验、呼吸测热试验及屠宰试验等研究。两组试羊均按NRC(1978)推荐的绵羊泌乳期哺育双羔母羊能量需要量供给代谢能和其它养分。结果表明,在本研究条件下,小尾寒羊泌乳母羊(包括哺育单、双羔者)在整个泌乳期内的平均日干物质(DM)、有机物质(OM)、代谢能(ME)和泌乳量分别为1689g,1571g,19.893MJ和653g。DM、OM和总能(GE)表观消化率分别为70.71%,72.58%和70.34%,代谢率(MEI/DEI)为84.89%。甲烷能占GEI的9.18%。每日畜体产热量(HP)为625.5KJ/kgW0.75。研究还表明:小尾寒羊泌乳母羊的每日维持代谢能和净能需要量分别为582.6和460KJ/kgW0.75,每户1kg原乳需要10802KJ的代谢能。维持效率为0.790泌乳效率为0.479,HI占GEI的18.10%。分析结果证明,试羊的泌乳量、采食量、畜体产热量和能量转化效率在单、双羔之间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。小尾寒羊泌乳母羊的代谢能总需要量(MER)可用下式估计:羊羔:MER=576.9W0.75+10810M;双羔:MER=588.2W0.75+10794M;平均:MER=582.6W0.75+1 相似文献
102.
103.
YAN Rui SHAN Hu LIN Lin DIAO Jia-yu ZHANG Ming ZHU Yan-he TAN Wu-hong WEI Jin 《园艺学报》2015,31(6):967-972
AIM: To observe the effect of high glucose on the protein expression of calreticulin (CRT) and its association with cell apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in the cardiomyocytes. METHODS: AC-16 cardiomyocytes were randomly divided into normal glucose group, high glucose group, high glucose+ CRT siRNA group and isotonic control group. The cell apoptotic rate, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential level, respiratory enzyme activity, and protein expression of CRT were observed. RESULTS: Compared with the cardiomyocytes in normal glucose group, the apoptotic rate and ROS production of cardiomyocytes increased in high glucose group, accompanying with the decreases in the mitochondrial membrane potential level and enzyme activitiy of the respiratory chain. The protein expression of CRT was significantly increased in high glucose group. However, compared with high glucose group, high glucose+ CRT siRNA decreased the expression of CRT and attenuated the damage of mitochondria, but CRT siRNA did not reduce the ROS level in cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: High glucose brings about CRT over-expression to induce mitochondrial injury, thus increasing myocardial apoptosis. 相似文献
104.
LI Su-juan JIN Ke-ke ZHAO Ya-ping WANG Peng ZHAO Wen-xi GAO Kai-xuan YANG Wen-juan WANG Jia-lin WU De-ping 《园艺学报》2015,31(7):1259-1265
AIM: To explore the mechanisms of fluctuant high blood glucose-induced apoptosis of hepatocytes. METHODS: SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group (N), stable high blood glucose group (S), fluctuant high blood glucose group (F) and insulin group (I). Diabetic rats were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg), and the fluctuant high blood glucose animal model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of ordinary insulin and glucose at different time points every day. The blood glucose fluctuation patterns of the animals in F group within 12 weeks were similar every day and no significant difference of the HbA1c concentration was observed compared with S group, indicating that the fluctuant hyperglycemia was successfully established in F group. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) in the homogenate of the liver tissues were detected by colorimetry. The mRNA and protein levels of JNK, p-JNK, Bax and Bcl-2 were examined by RT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS: After 12 weeks, the increases in the intakes of food and water, the urine output, and the abnormal liver function were observed in S group, I group and F group. Compared with N group, the MDA level was increased, the content of NO and the activity of SOD and GSH-Px were decreased, and up-regulation of JNK mRNA and p-JNK and Bax proteins, and down-regulation of Bcl-2 were also found in S group, I group and F group. The above effects were more obviously showed in F group. CONCLUSION: Oxidative stress activates JNK-MAPK signaling pathway, which is involved in fluctuant high glucose-induced apoptosis of hepatocytes. 相似文献
105.
Effectiveness of selection for quality traits during the early stage in the potato breeding population 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Potato cultivars resistant to cold‐temperature sweetening are of major importance to the processing industry producing both chips (crisps) and French fries. When most modern potato cultivars are maintained in cold storage to retard sprouting, the tubers accumulate reducing sugars, and the products become an unacceptable brown colour when fried. Selection for better processing quality during the early generations of a breeding programme could be of considerable advantage. Using a portable ‘sugarmeter’, which requires only a drop of sap from the tuber on a test strip, many samples can be efficiently surveyed for low sugar as early as the F1 generation. Using seedlings of three test crosses, glucose and specific gravity of field‐grown tubers, minitubers from greenhouses and microtubers from in vitro culture were compared after cold treatment. Although the mean glucose levels of minitubers and microtubers were higher than field‐grown tubers, the correlation between the glucose contents of the three types of tubers was fairly high. A considerable genetic improvement was noted when progenies were grown as minitubers or microtubers, even though the response to selection for low glucose levels in minitubers and microtubers was lower than from direct selection from field‐grown tubers. The specific gravity of field‐grown tubers showed a significant association with freshly harvested minitubers and microtubers. Selection for low glucose content in minitubers can therefore save considerable resources in a breeding programme. 相似文献
106.
107.
The effectiveness of the rehabilitation of mined sand dunes on the northern coast of KwaZulu–Natal, South Africa, was assessed based on measurements of the total and labile organic matter content and the size, activity and metabolic diversity of the soil microflora. Soil was sampled (0–10 cm) after 0, 5, 10, 20 and 25 years of rehabilitation and compared with soil under undisturbed native forest and under long-term commercial pine forest. Following topsoil removal, stockpiling and respreading on reformed dunes, there was a massive loss of organic C such that, at time zero, organic C content was only 24% of that present under native forest. Soil organic C content increased progressively during rehabilitation until, after 25 years, it represented 93% of that present under native forest. The pattern of change in light-fraction C, KMnO4-extractable C, water-soluble C, microbial biomass C, basal respiration and arginine ammonification rate was broadly similar to that for organic C, but the extent of the initial loss and the magnitude of the subsequent increase differed. Microbial biomass C, water-soluble C and KMnO4-extractable C, expressed as a percentage of organic C, declined during rehabilitation as humic substances progressively accumulated. Principal component (PC) analysis of catabolic response profiles to 36 substrates revealed that the catabolic diversity of microbial communities differed greatly between native forest, commercial pine forest, 0 years and 10 years of rehabilitation. On the PC1 axis, values for soils under native forest and after 25 years rehabilitation were similar, but there was still separation on the PC2 axis. The main factor explaining variation in response profiles on the PC1 axis was organic C content; and the greatest catabolic diversity occurred in soils under native forest and after 25 years of rehabilitation. 相似文献
108.
日粮添加木聚糖酶对肉鸡小肠葡萄糖吸收及其转运载体基因表达影响 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
156羽1日龄AA肉雏鸡随机分为对照组和试验组,对照组饲以小麦基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加1000mg/kg木聚糖酶,试验期为30d。与对照组相比,试验组4周内平均日增重提高4.81%(P〈0.01),料重比下降5.00%(P〈0.05);肠系膜静脉血清中葡萄糖的含量提高5.56%(P〈0.05)。采用半定量RT-PCR方法测定十二指肠和空肠黏膜SGLT1 (sodium/glucose cotransporter 1)和GLUT2(glucose transporter 2)mRNA的表达,发现木聚糖酶显著增加十二指肠SGLT1 mRNA的表达,增幅为33.30%(P〈0.05),试验组空肠SGLT1 mRNA的表达量比对照组增加8.21%,但差异不显著(P〉0.05)。木聚糖酶对十二指肠和空肠GLUT2 mRNA表达均无显著影响。提示木聚糖酶主要作用在小肠上段,通过上调SGLT1的表达而影响肉鸡小肠葡萄糖吸收。 相似文献
109.
Logistic模型模拟乙醇发酵产物动力学 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
乙醇发酵产物动力学的研究有助于更好的认识发酵过程,为其工业放大及生产操作条件的优化提供理论基础。基于Logistic方程的菌体生长动力学模型可较好的描述细胞生长期及细胞自身抑制作用,但由于该模型方程中的比例参数与积分常数没有明显的生物学意义,使其应用受到了限制。该文从生物学与化学工程学结合角度对Logistic模型方程重新参数化,将发酵产物乙醇生成动力学与酵母生长动力学方程类比,给出了乙醇浓度的显式函数模型,模型中不再出现酵母菌浓度变量,大大简化了模型,并且赋予参数其物理意义;在研究了以葡萄糖和玉米淀粉为原料乙醇质量浓度、总糖质量浓度在不同底物质量浓度和料液比条件下随发酵时间的变化规律的基础上运用该模型拟合了以葡萄糖和玉米淀粉为原料进行乙醇发酵的试验数据,结果表明:模型值与试验数据具有较好一致性,拟合度均大于0.97,可见该重新参数化的Logistic模型可以描述发酵生产乙醇过程中产物乙醇的动力学行为,具有预测工业上实际发酵过程中乙醇浓度的潜力。 相似文献
110.
Armin H.W. Seydack Graham DurrheimJosua H. Louw 《Forest Ecology and Management》2011,261(7):1152-1169
Stand-level tree diameter growth patterns were explored for evergreen moist forests in the southern Cape, South Africa. Results of standard multiple regression analyses, involving 934 permanent sample plots with data spanning a 10-year interval, revealed that stand-level increment of canopy species in the canopy layer (>30 cm dbh) was significantly determined by inherent species-specific growth capacities (species composition of the stand), water availability, forest matrix crowding and tree condition impairment (age-related manifestations of reduced vitality indicated by signs of crown die-back, damage and stem rot). In contrast, stand-level increment of trees of canopy species in the subcanopy layer (10-20 cm dbh) was prominently shaped by light availability, as mainly determined by the degree of canopy-level disturbance (mortality rate of trees >30 cm dbh), crowding (canopy-level overhead and forest matrix crowding) and proximity to conspecific adults (within 6-8 m). In addition to species-inherent and resource factors, considerable variation in stand-level growth resulted from site-climate interactions. For 507 of the permanent sample plots, increment data was available for two consecutive 10-year intervals; permitting the analysis of spatiotemporal interactions of growth patterns (repeated measures ANOVA). In the Knysna forests higher canopy-level increment rates were associated with the moister southerly facing slope sites in comparison with the drier northerly facing and ridge sites during the first increment period. During the second increment period, increment rates on the drier, but better illuminated sites had increased disproportionately. In contrast, in the Tsitsikamma forests, higher increment rates during the second increment period were encountered on moister flat bottomland sites (with extended periods of subsoil wetness) than on the comparatively drier southerly facing slope sites (increment period × site-based water availability × forests interaction). In both forests relatively higher growth performance of subcanopy-level trees during the second increment period was associated with stands experiencing conditions of enhanced light availability. Atmospheric temperatures were higher during the second increment period (mean periodic Tmax: + 0.64 °C). The detected spatiotemporal interactions were interpreted as site × climate interactions where site-related conditions of favourable light or water availability resulted in enhanced temperature-linked growth responses during the second increment period. A metabolic performance trade-off model provided a framework for the interpretation of these complex site-climate interactions by placing the patterns of forest growth into an ecophysiological explanatory context. 相似文献