根结线虫卵寄生真菌蜡蚧菌(Lecanicillium lecanii)产生的几丁质酶活性

卵寄生真菌产生的几丁质酶在卵孵化和寄生过程中发挥重要的作用,也是评价寄生线虫真菌生物防治潜力重要的生化指标之一。利用NAG法和pNP法分别测定蜡蚧菌(Lecanicillium lecanii)CFCC84957和CFCC80920菌系的几丁质降解酶系和外切酶活性,CFCC84957菌系接种4～6d含有0.2%胶体几丁质的培养滤液后,几丁质降解酶系到达活性高峰期,而CFCC80920菌系的培养滤液未检测到几丁质降解酶系。2个菌系的培养滤液从第2d开始均能检测到几丁质外切酶活性,CFCC84957和CFCC80920活性出现的最高峰分别在第12d和6d,但是CF-CC84957的活性值约是CFCC80920的4倍(分别为0.51μmol·h-1·ml-1、0.12μmol·h-1·ml-1)。含有0.01%糖基化几丁质的几丁质酶活性电泳检测到1条分子量为48.2kD的蛋白质谱带。     

Spectrum and inheritance of resistance to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla in Rosa multiflora and R. indica

The spectrum and inheritance of resistance to the root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla was studied in the diploid species Rosa multiflora and R. indica. The host suitability of seven rose rootstocks, namely five R. multiflora (K2, K1, Floradale, CE63 and CE65) and two R. indica (CE35 and Maroc) clonal accessions, was evaluated using four geographic isolates of M. hapla. Plants grown under greenhouse conditions were tested at high and durable inoculum pressure of nematodes and rated for nematode infestation five months after inoculation on a 0–5 gall index. Different host suitabilities to M. hapla were demonstrated depending on the nematode isolates: in R. multiflora, the clone K2 had a resistant (R) response to all isolates; the clone K1 ranged from intermediate (I) (isolate ‘Canada’) to resistant (other isolates), Floradale was shown to be intermediate, whereas CE63 and CE65 were moderate to good hosts (H). In R. indica, both rootstocks were good to excellent hosts for the isolate Canada but resistant to all three other isolates, thus expressing an isolate‐specific resistance. A study on the genetics of resistance in R. multiflora to the M. hapla isolate Canada was then conducted using an incomplete diallel cross involving all previous clones except Floradale. A total of 120 hybrid individuals belonging to several progenies representing the cross combinations R × I, R × H, I × H and H × H were evaluated. Individuals of each progeny generally ranged into a monomodal distribution that suggests polygenic inheritance of resistance. In the family Rosaceae, the differences in the resistance genetics to the meiotic species M. hapla and to the mitotic species, M. arenaria, M. incognita and M. javanica are discussed in relation to the reproductive status of the nematodes.     

Influence of irrigation on the distribution and control of the nematode Meloidogyne javanica by the biocontrol bacterium Pasteuria penetrans in the field

Pasteuria penetrans, a bacterial parasite of plant-parasitic nematodes, is used to control root-knot nematode Meloidogyne spp. populations in vegetable crops. But its efficiency is variable, mostly because of the patchy distribution of the bacteria in arable fields. As the infective P. penetrans are non-motile bacteria in soil, abiotic soil factors can affect the bacteria–nematode relationships. An epidemiological study, conducted in a vegetable field, showed that abiotic factors such as irrigation, soil water holding capacity and texture, affected the efficiency of P. penetrans. A correspondence analysis between these abiotic factors and the density of P. penetrans spores in the soil, and the proportion of Meloidogyne javanica juveniles infected by the bacteria, revealed that irrigation affected directly the distribution of the spores in soil pores related to their passive transport by water flow. Laboratory experiments conducted on the passive transport of spores confirmed that intensive irrigation leached the spores down the soil profile and decreased the percentage of infected Meloidogyne juveniles.     

根结线虫三种天敌真菌生物学特性的研究

淡紫拟青霉（Paecilomyces lilacinus)寄生南方根结线虫卵90%,厚壁轮枝霉（Verticillium chlamydosporium）寄生卵85%,节丛孢菌（Arthrobotrys sp.）捕食二龄幼虫达65%。采用常规方法,研究了三种真菌的生物学特性。淡紫拟青霉最适培养温度为30℃;厚壁轮枝霉为25℃,节丛孢菌亦为25℃;在麦粒上生长最好;三种真菌撮适pH值为6～8。     

万强对花生根结线虫发育的影响及防治效果

利用室内培养和盆栽试验的方法，研究了万强对花生根结线虫（Ｍｅｌｏｉｄｏｇｙｍｅａｒｅｎａｒｉａ）发育的影响，结果表明：万强对胚胎发育无明显影响，但能延缓孵化时间，减慢线虫胚后发育的速度，减低雌虫的比例。田间小区试验表明：万强有减少土中２龄幼虫数量的作用，并有显著的防病增产效果。增产幅度为１９．６６％～２４．８３％。     

根结线虫属一新种─—海南根结线虫

在海南省琼中县水稻根上，发现根结线虫属新种海南根结线虫Ｍｅｌｏｉｄｏｇｙｎｅｈａｉｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．（根结科Ｍｅｌｏｉｄｏｇｙｎｉｄａｅ）．该新种雌虫唇盘与中唇不形成典型的哑铃状结构；会阴花纹结构为卵圆形至圆形，线纹细密，平滑，背纹与腹纹相连，形成同心圆状，尾尖区花纹极细密，成波浪至锯齿状皱褶，且种内会阴花纹形态变异很小，雄虫中唇外缘有缺裂；侧区一般具４条侧线，具网纹饰。２龄幼虫体长，尾长和口针长分别为４８１．９８（４４２．００～５３６．６０）μｍ，６６．８２（５７．２０～７５．４０）μｍ和１２．８２（１０．４０～１５．１０）μｍ；尾渐细，尖削。雌虫酯酶Ｒ１＝０．３６，属ＶＳＩ表型。它主要寄生水稻和小麦。     

蔬菜根结线虫综合防治研究进展

详细介绍了国内外蔬菜根结线虫综合防治的研究进展情况。对蔬菜根结线虫的生物习性、危害症状、鉴定方法进行了总结归纳,从农业防治、化学防治和生物防治等方面对蔬菜根结线虫的防治措施进行了重点分析,强调了综合治理对蔬菜根结线虫防治的重要性,并探讨了蔬菜根结线虫综合治理的发展趋势。     

绮丽小克银汉霉对南方根结线虫卵的寄生性

利用水琼脂平板法测定分离于南方根结线虫卵囊的绮丽小克银汉霉对南方根结线虫游离卵及卵囊中的卵寄生性.结果发现,绮丽小克银汉霉对平板上游离卵的寄生性低,寄生率为21.1%;完整卵囊接种菌后,菌丝可定殖于卵囊表面,但卵囊内的卵未见被寄生.本试验对绮丽小克银汉霉作为生防菌的应用可能性进行了探讨.     

辣椒抗根结线虫基因Me3的精细定位

 以含Me3基因的抗根结线虫辣椒自交系‘HDA149’为父本,感根结线虫辣椒自交系‘8214’为母本,构建了一个2 133株的F2作图群体。采用群体分离分析法（Bulked Segregant Analysis,BSA）,构建抗、感病两个DNA池,对由两亲本筛选出来的285对引物进行扩增分析,发现引物SSCP_B322和EPMS658在抗、感池间具有稳定的多态性。继续用这两对引物对F2单株进行扩增,以JoinMap 3.0软件分析发现SSCP_B322和EPMS658标记位于Me3基因两侧,遗传图距分别为0.56 cM和1.33 cM。运用回交群体BC1和F3群体验证实了这两个标记,可有效用于辣椒抗线虫分子标记辅助育种,也为图位克隆Me3基因奠定了基础。     

根结线虫拮抗放线菌的筛选及菌株HA10002的鉴定与活性物质分析

为了筛选获得对根结线虫具有拮抗能力的强活性放线菌菌株,并从菌株中发现新的杀线虫活性化合物,从海南东寨港红树林采集海泥样品9份,从五指山原始森林等地采集土壤样品51份,用平板稀释法对海泥和土壤样品进行分离;以南方根结线虫2龄幼虫为靶标线虫,采用24孔细胞培养板液体线虫法进行初筛和复筛;根据形态特征、培养特征、生理生化特征和16S rDNA序列对复筛出的活性菌株进行鉴定;菌株发酵液经溶媒萃取、硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH 20凝胶过滤和制备薄层板层析,采用活性跟踪法从中分离纯化杀线虫活性化合物;化合物经光谱及波谱分析和文献对照,进行结构鉴定。从60份样品中分离得到356株菌落形态有差异的放线菌。初筛得到16株对根结线虫校正死亡率在80%以上的菌株,复筛获得3株线虫校正死亡率在95%以上的菌株,其中分离自海泥样品中的菌株HA10002抗线虫活性最强,发酵原液的校正死亡率达100%。HA10002经鉴定为白浅灰链霉菌,从其发酵液中分离获得2个活性化合物,其中A26 3为Nocardamine,A22 1的结构正在进一步鉴定中。上述结果表明,筛选出的放线菌HA10002能合成2种以上杀根结线虫的活性代谢产物,是一株遗传稳定且具有开发潜力的活性菌株。