一种含有竹叶黄酮的复配型肉类食品添加剂的开发

通过竹叶黄酮和异Vc钠的系列复配应用试验,得到了一种性能优越的肉类食品添加剂.实验选用中式香肠体系,通过测定过氧化值(POV)、酸价(AV)和亚硝酸盐含量,辅以感官评定等手段,评价此复合抗氧化剂的抗氧性能以及对产品风味和质量的整体影响.结果表明,在原配方的基础上,硝酸盐或亚硝酸盐减半使用,同时添加0.01%的竹叶黄酮和0.05%的异Vc钠,能显著抑制香肠的脂质过氧化,延长产品保质期,降低产品中亚硝酸盐的含量,同时维持并改善中式香肠应有的感官品质.竹叶黄酮在有效发挥抗氧化作用的同时,部分替代了具有潜在致癌作用的发色剂,提高了制品的安全性,是一种十分有前途的肉类食品添加剂.     

Intravenous sufentanil‐midazolam versus sevoflurane anaesthesia in medetomidine pre‐medicated Himalayan rabbits undergoing ovariohysterectomy

ObjectiveTo compare physiological effects of sufentanil-midazolam with sevoflurane for surgical anaesthesia in medetomidine premedicated rabbits.Study designProspective, randomized controlled experimental study.AnimalsEighteen female Himalayan rabbits, weight 2.1 ± 0.1 kg.MethodsPremedication with 0.1 mg kg⁻¹ medetomidine and 5 mg kg⁻¹ carprofen subcutaneously, was followed by intravenous anaesthetic induction with sufentanil (2.3 μg mL⁻¹) and midazolam (0.45 mg mL⁻¹). After endotracheal intubation, anaesthesia was maintained with sufentanil-midazolam (n = 9) or sevoflurane (n = 9). Ovariohysterectomy was performed. Intermittent positive pressure ventilation was performed as required. Physiological variables were studied perioperatively. Group means of physiologic data were generated for different anaesthetic periods. Data were compared for changes from sedation, and between groups by anova. Post-operatively, 0.05 mg kg⁻¹ buprenorphine was administered once and 5 mg kg⁻¹ carprofen once daily for 2–3 days. Rabbits were examined and weighed daily until one week after surgery.ResultsSmooth induction of anaesthesia was achieved within 5 minutes. Sufentanil and midazolam doses were 0.5 μg kg⁻¹ and 0.1 mg kg⁻¹, during induction and 3.9 μg kg⁻¹ hour⁻¹ and 0.8 mg kg⁻¹ hour⁻¹ during surgery, respectively. End-tidal sevoflurane concentration was 2.1% during surgery. Assisted ventilation was required in nine rabbits receiving sufentanil-midazolam and four receiving sevoflurane. There were no differences between groups in physiologic data other than arterial carbon dioxide. In rabbits receiving sevoflurane, mean arterial pressure decreased pre-surgical intervention, heart rate increased 25% during and after surgery and body weight decreased 4% post-operatively. Post-operative problems sometimes resulted from catheterization of the ear artery.ConclusionSevoflurane and sufentanil-midazolam provided surgical anaesthesia of similar quality. Arterial blood pressure was sustained during sufentanil-midazolam anaesthesia and rabbits receiving sevoflurane lost body weight following ovariohysterectomy. Mechanical ventilation was required with both anaesthetic regimens.Clinical relevanceAnaesthesia with sufentanil-midazolam in medetomidine premedicated healthy rabbits is useful in the clinical and the research setting, as an alternative to sevoflurane.     

渝西地区兔球虫病流行情况调查及虫种鉴定

【目的】掌握渝西地区兔球虫病的流行情况和兔球虫种类,为该地区兔球虫病的防治提供依据。 【方法】采用饱和食盐水漂浮法和麦克马斯特氏计数法检测渝西荣昌、永川、大足等 8 个区 14 个兔场共 1 273 份 粪样本,并收集卵囊,鉴定兔球虫种类。【结果】发现 14 个兔场均有感染球虫,平均感染率为 90.65%,璧山 和江津的感染率最高,为 100%,2 月龄以下兔感染率极显著高于 2~4 月龄、4~9 月龄及 9 月龄以上年龄段兔, 感染率为 98.19%。小型养殖场兔球虫感染率极显著低于大型规模化养殖场,感染率为 86.53%。8 个区的克粪便 虫卵数（Oocysts Per Gram,OPG）为 9.65×103 ~6.56×104 ,其中 2~4 月龄 OPG 最高、为 6.31×104 。对药物使 用情况调查显示,未使用球虫药养殖场的感染率为 92.31%,OPG 为 4.42×104 ; 使用球虫药养殖场的感染率为 89.19%,OPG 为 2.75×104 。在 14 个兔场共鉴定了 10 种艾美耳球虫,其中优势虫种为穿孔艾美耳球虫（Eimeria perforans）、大型艾美耳球虫（E. magna）、盲肠艾美耳球虫（E. coecicola）和中型艾美耳球虫（E. media）, 检出率分别为 25.20%、23.38%、11.96%、10.02%。【结论】渝西地区普遍感染兔球虫,且多为混合感染,因此 应加强该地区兔球虫病的防治。     

肉鸭3～7周龄预混料及全价饲料优化配方研究

本研究在“肉鸭3～7周龄基础日粮优化配方研究”的基础上，将筛选出的肉鸭3～7周龄2套基础日粮优化配方与3套不同类型的预混料配方进行组合，进行饲养试验与屠宰测定，观察肉鸭的生长速度、饲料报酬、成活率、单位增重饲料成本、屠体品质等性状。结果显示：本试验设计的预混料配方Ⅲ是肉鸭3～7周龄预混料优化配方，优化基础配方Ⅰ与预混料配方Ⅲ、Ⅱ的组合均为肉鸭3～7周龄全价饲料优化配方。     

A Comparison of the Histological Structure of the Placenta in Experimental Animals

The primary function of the placenta is to act as an interface between the dam and fetus. The anatomic structure of the chorioallantoic placenta in eutherian mammals varies between different animal species. The placental types in eutherian mammals are classified from various standpoints based on the gross shape, the histological structure of the materno-fetal interface, the type of materno-fetal interdigitation, etc. Particularly, the histological structure is generally considered one of the most useful and instructive classifications for functionally describing placental type. In this system, three main types are recognized according to the cell layers comprising the interhemal area: (1) epitheliochorial type (horses, pigs and ruminants), (2) endotheliochorial type (carnivores) and (3) hemochorial type (primates, rodents and rabbits). The number of cell layers in the interhemal area is considered to modify the transfer of nutrients between maternal and fetal blood and is one of the important factors with respect to the difference in placental permeability between animal species. Therefore, in reproductive and developmental toxicity studies, careful attention should be paid to the histological structure of the interhemal area when extrapolating information concerning placental transfer characteristics to different animal species.     

Growth,Reproductive Performance,Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality in F1 and F2 Progenies of Somatic Cell-Cloned Pigs

The objective of this study was to examine the health and meat production of cloned sows and their progenies in order to demonstrate the application of somatic cell cloning to the pig industry. This study compared the growth, reproductive performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of Landrace cloned sows, F1 progenies and F2 progenies. We measured their body weight, growth rate and feed conversion and performed a pathological analysis of their anatomy to detect abnormalities. Three of the five cloned pigs were used for a growth test. Cloned pigs grew normally and had characteristics similar to those of the control purebred Landrace pigs. Two cloned gilts were bred with a Landrace boar and used for a progeny test. F1 progenies had characteristics similar to those of the controls. Two of the F1 progeny gilts were bred with a Duroc or Large White boar and used for the progeny test. F2 progenies grew normally. There were no biological differences in growth, carcass characteristics and amino acid composition among cloned sows, F1 progenies, F2 progenies and conventional pigs. The cloned sows and F1 progenies showed normal reproductive performance. No specific abnormalities were observed by pathological analysis, with the exception of periarteritis in the F1 progenies. All pigs had a normal karyotype. These results demonstrate that cloned female pigs and their progenies have similar growth, reproductive performance and carcass quality characteristics and that somatic cell cloning could be a useful technique for conserving superior pig breeds in conventional meat production.     

饲粮能量水平对42 d繁殖模式下獭兔繁殖性能、体重变化及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在探讨饲粮能量水平对42 d繁殖模式下獭兔繁殖性能、体重变化及血清生化指标的影响.试验选用平均体重为(3.56±0.17) kg的经产獭兔150只,随机分成3组,每组50个重复,每个重复1只.采用42 d繁殖模式,分别饲喂消化能水平为9.2、9.7和10.2 MJ/kg的试验饲粮.试验连续进行3胎.结果表明:1)饲粮能量水平极显著影响母兔泌乳力(P=0.0062)、第1胎产后体重(P=0.002 1)和仔兔断奶窝重(P=0.000 6);显著影响第1胎(P=0.047 5)和第3胎(P=0.030 2)母兔泌乳期第21天体重.2)饲粮能量水平极显著影响血清肌酸激酶(P=0.001 5)活性和甘油三酯(P=0.001 3)含量,显著影响高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(P=0.036 8)、总胆固醇(P=0.047 6)和胰岛素含量(P=0.015 9),对其他血清生化指标无显著影响(P＞0.05).由此可见,42 d繁殖模式下獭兔适宜饲粮消化能水平为10.2 MJ/kg.     

杏鲍菇菇脚对肉兔生长性能及肉品质影响研究

研究在饲料中添加杏鲍菇废弃菇脚,并且投喂柚子皮对肉兔的生长性能及肉品质的影响。把48只30d～32d龄的新西兰肉兔随机分为3组,分别投喂0％、1％、5％烘干菇脚,同时每组又分为2组,分别投喂烘干柚子皮。结果表明添加5％杏鲍菇菇脚及投喂柚予皮均能显著降低兔粪TBARS水平,改善肠道抗氧化状况;饲喂菇脚对肉兔增重和兔肉品质没有影响,兔肉中无棉酚残留;柚子皮对增重无显著影响,但能显著降低兔肉胆固醇含量。     

Effects of different dietary energy and protein levels and sex on growth performance,carcass characteristics and meat quality of F1 Angus x Chinese Xiangxi yellow cattle

Background：The experiment evaluated the effect of nutrition levels and sex on the growth performance,carcass characteristics and meat quality of F1 Angus × Chinese Xiangxi yellow cattle.Methods：During the background period of 184 d,23 steers and 24 heifers were fed the same ration,then put into a2×2×2 factorial arrangement under two levels of- dietary energy（TON：70/80%DM）,protein（CP：11.9/14.3%DM）and sex（S：male/female） during the finishing phase of 146 d.The treatments were-（1） high energy/low protein（HELP）,（2） high energy/high protein（HEHP）,（3） low energy/low protein（LELP） and（4） low energy/high protein（LEHP）.Each treatment used 6 steers and 6 heifers,except for HELP- 5 steers and 6 heifers.Results：Growth rate and final carcass weight were unaffected by dietary energy and protein levels or by sex.Compared with the LE diet group,the HE group had significantly lower dry matter intake（DMI,6.76 vs.7.48 kg DM/d）,greater chest girth increments（46.1 vs.36.8 cm）,higher carcass fat（19.9 vs.16.3%） and intramuscular fat content（29.9 vs.22.8%DM）.The HE group also had improved yields of top and medium top grade commercial meat cuts（39.9 vs.36.5%）.The dressing percentage was higher for the HP group than the LP group（53.4 vs.54.9%）.Steers had a greater length increment（9.0 vs.8.3 cm）,but lower carcass fat content（16.8 vs.19.4%） than heifers.The meat quality traits（shear force value,drip loss,cooking loss and water holding capacity） were not affected by treatments or sex,averaging 3.14 kg,2.5,31.5 and 52.9%,respectively.The nutritive profiles（both fatty and amino acid composition） were not influenced by the energy or protein levels or by sex.Conclusions：The dietary energy and protein levels and sex significantly influenced the carcass characteristics and chemical composition of meat but not thegrowth performance,meat quality traits and nutritive profiles.