榆林市风沙区杨树叶和松针不同生长期营养成分分析

由于大部分养殖户或养殖场对杨树叶和松针可以作为饲料原料来合理利用的了解甚少,以致于榆林市杨树及松针资源在饲料行业上的应用还不是很广泛。笔者通过对榆阳区西北风沙区2007年4、7、9、10月份(生长初期—落叶期)杨树叶和松针的主要营养成分进行测定,并对比分析,结果表明:两样本的粗纤维随生长的进行均呈明显上升趋势,而粗蛋白则均呈明显下降趋势,但粗脂肪、粗灰分、钙、磷、有机物、无氮浸出物等成分均无明显规律性。同时,杨树叶在生长的过程中粗蛋白、粗纤维含量变化趋势明显,而松针的则变化相对平稳。通过笔者的研究可以为榆林市开发杨树和松针资源作为饲料原料来利用提供一些有用的数据,并就杨树叶和松针做为榆林节粮饲料原料的利用方法上提一些建议供参考。     

基于主成分分析的不同棉花品种低温萌发关键期研究

为明确低温为害棉花种子萌发过程的关键期,以新陆中46号、新陆早57号、新陆早74号和新陆早82号为试验材料,25℃为对照温度,通过室内发芽试验,研究12℃低温处理下4个棉花品种在种子萌发过程中种子活力指标变化和胚根生长情况。结果表明,12℃低温处理能降低棉花种子活力和抑制胚根生长,不同品种间耐低温能力存在差异,新陆早57号低温耐受力最强。7个测定指标间均存在正相关关系,发芽指数与活力指数、胚根鲜重与胚根干重间相关性最大,发芽势与胚根长、发芽指数与胚根长间相关性最小。不同棉花品种各处理主成分综合得分排序为T 2相似文献   

无柄小叶榕容器苗形态和生理质量评价指标筛选

因其独特的园林景观和耐低温、耐盐碱的特征, 无柄小叶榕是热带、亚热带地区生态环境建设和泥质海岸防护林的重要树种之一。苗木质量直接影响到造林成活率及初期的长势。本研究以180 d的无柄小叶榕容器苗为研究材料,测定无柄小叶榕容器苗的形态、生理等共31个指标因子,通过主成分分析、综合评定,找出能够反映无柄小叶榕容器苗质量的关键指标以及辅助指标。研究结果表明：无柄小叶榕容器苗的苗木质量主要决定于苗木的总生物量、地下干物质、地径和根团。评定无柄小叶榕容器苗的质量应以苗木的地径、全株干（鲜）重、质量指数、根干（鲜）重、茎干（鲜）重等形态指标,结合光合指标（净光合速率、胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率、水分利用率）、叶绿素含量（A、B及总叶绿素）、根系活力等生理指标为关键指标,并辅以苗高和高径比作为辅助指标来综合评价。     

Levels of host plant resistance to banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in African Musa germplasm

Forty-five Musa clones, including endemic and introduced cultivars plus hybrids, were evaluated for resistance against the banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus, in a field trial in Uganda. The predominant groups of staple crops, East African highland bananas (Musa spp. AAA) and plantains (Musaspp. AAB), as well as plantain-derived hybrids (AAB × AA), showed the highest levels of susceptibility to this pest. These were followed by dessert bananas (Musa spp. AAA), exotic bananas (Musa spp. ABB) and finally diploids of M. acuminata (AA). Hybrids of banana origin were highly resistant. Some East African highland cultivars, especially brewing types (e.g., Kabula, Bagandeseza, Ediirira), showed intermediate levels of resistance. Among the non-highland bananas, high levels of resistance were observed in Yangambi-Km5 (AAA), Cavendish (AAA), Gros Michel (AAA), Kayinja (ABB, Pisang Awak subgroup), Ndiizi (AB, Ney Poovan subgroup)and Kisubi (Ney Poovan subgroup). The highest resistance was observed in banana hybrids TMB2×7197-2, TMB2×8075-7 and the wild banana Calcutta-4 (AA). These were considered the best sources of resistance for a weevil resistance-breeding programme with the two hybrids commonly used as improved male parents. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

不同大豆品种籽粒及其豆腐中蛋白质组分的研究

选用２３个春大豆和夏大豆栽培品种。调查单株粒重，测定豆腐产量性状，籽粒蛋白质含量和蛋白质各组分含量。研究表明：大豆籽粒中球蛋白，清蛋白，，谷蛋白，醇溶谷蛋白，２Ｓ，７Ｓ，１１Ｓ球蛋白含量分别平均为２７．５４３％，６．９５２％，５．２９２％，１．９０１％，４．８６２％，５．３７４％和１７．３１４％。籽粒蛋白质各组分含量变异系数大。豆腐湿重，豆腐干重，豆腐湿体积与籽粒中７Ｓ，１１Ｓ球蛋白，清蛋白含量呈     

Use of component analysis in QTL mapping of complex crop traits: a case study on yield in barley

Genes contributing to the quantitative variation of a complex crop trait can be numerous. However, using existing approaches, the number of quantitative trait loci (QTL) detected for a trait is limited. Therefore, rather than looking for QTL for a complex trait itself, determining QTL for underlying component traits might give more information. In this study the potential of component analysis in QTL mapping of complex traits was examined using grain yield in spring barley as an example. Grain yield was divided into three components: number of spikes/m², number of kernels/spike, and 1000‐kernel weight. These traits were measured for individuals of a recombinant inbred‐line population in field trials conducted over 2 years. By the use of an approximate multiple QTL model, one to eight QTL were detected for each trait in a year. Some QTL were mapped to similar positions in both years. Almost all QTL for yield were found at the position of or in close proximity to QTL for its component traits. A number of QTL for component traits were not detected when yield itself was subjected to QTL analysis. However, relative to the QTL for yield itself, all component‐trait QTL did not explain the variation in yield better. The results in relation to the potential of using component analysis in studying complex crop traits are discussed.     

主成分累计贡献率和性状选择对苦瓜遗传距离与产量杂种优势关系的影响

将9个苦瓜高世代自交系分成两组,按不完全双列杂交设计配制18个杂交组合。以茎粗、叶长、节间长、第一雌花节位、播种-始花天数和冷害指数等6个反映苦瓜植株形态、熟性和生态适应性的性状为基础性状组,当构成遗传相关系数矩阵的性状数目依次从6个增加到1 2个时,7组遗传距离在累计贡献率70%~95%内表现稳定,累计贡献率大于95%时表现不稳定。遗传距离与产量杂种优势之间的相关系数在7个和8个性状时最大,随性状数目增加,相关系数减小。对7个和8个性状在主成分累计贡献率70%~85%时的遗传距离与产量杂种优势之间的关系进行了线性回归分析,回归方程分别为Y=0.1293 0.0284X和Y=0.1867 0.0324X,均达到极显著水平。     

不同提取方法对新型促孕灌注液有效成分含量的影响

分别采用水提取(WE)、半仿生提取(SBE)、水提醇沉(WAE)和半仿生醇沉(SBAE)法提取中药新型促孕灌注液(NFPL),测定提取液中有效成分淫羊藿苷、小檗碱、总生物碱和干浸膏的含量,比较不同提取方法对NFPL提取效果的影响.结果表明:SBE法4个指标的综合评价值最大,达26.4160,大于WE法的-2.3243,SBAE法的为-4.0980,大于WAE法的-19.9953.可见SBE法优于WE法,SBAE法优于WAE法,用SBAE法能够提高NFPL有效成分的含量.     

秸秆覆盖对沟灌水盐迁移与玉米水分利用效率的影响

为研究河套灌区盐渍化土壤垄背地膜和秸秆覆盖下的沟灌土壤水盐迁移特征,明晰沟灌作物产量及水分利用效率的变化规律,设置垄背秸秆覆盖量分别为0.3（P0.3）、0.6（P0.6）、0.9（P0.9）、1.2kg/m 2 （P1.2）和常规覆膜（DM）、裸地不覆盖（CK）6种处理,于2019年进行沟灌灌水试验,对比分析了不同秸秆覆盖量下玉米生育期前后沟断面土壤水盐分布、作物产量及水分利用效率的变化情况。结果表明：玉米苗期,覆膜和秸秆覆盖处理能显著降低作物无效耗水,保证生育后期对水分的需求;抽雄灌浆期,覆膜增温效应促进了作物生长,DM处理玉米耗水强烈,土壤储水量最低;玉米成熟期,垂直方向土壤水分运动较前期减弱。整体来看,P1.2、P0.9处理蓄水保墒效果较好（P<0.05）。沟灌灌水定额较小、盐分淋洗效果较差,且受土壤蒸发及地下水补给作用,因此造成根系层盐分累积。覆膜和秸秆覆盖处理均能有效抑制盐分聚集,P1.2和P0.9处理生育末期的土壤含盐量较初始含盐量增幅较小,分别为14.10%和24.74%。P0.9和DM处理产量和水分利用效率较CK分别提高20.01%、25.46%和11.32%、15.29%,增幅较大;过量秸秆覆盖造成播期土壤温度偏低,会影响玉米出苗,P1.2处理玉米产量和水分利用效率较DM处理略有降低,但差异不显著（P>0.05）。采用主成分分析法对沟灌秸秆覆盖下土壤保墒抑盐效果、玉米出苗、产量以及水分利用效率等因素进行综合评价,初步确定适宜的沟灌秸秆覆盖模式,建议采用0.9~1.2kg/m 2 的垄背秸秆覆盖量代替常规地膜覆盖,以减小地膜残留带来的环境污染。本研究可为灌区农业栽培提供一定借鉴。     

链霉菌2504的研究初报

链霉菌2504可产生抑制HIV融合的活性物质,经菌种鉴定,初步推断其为吸水链霉菌(Streptomyces hygroscopicus)的新菌株.抗菌谱分析表明,该菌对芽孢杆菌、革兰氏阴性细菌、丝状真菌有抑制作用.其活性物质在60℃以上或在pH值5～9范围之外均失去活性.