K~+,Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)对不同水稻(Oryza sativa L.)基因型苗期耐盐性的影响

【目的】进一步探明盐胁迫条件下营养元素K+、Ca2+和Mg2+对苗期不同水稻基因型耐盐性的影响差异,为明确作物耐盐胁迫的生理机制、提高作物耐盐胁迫能力提供参考。【方法】于2009年1—4月在严格控制水、温、光和营养元素供应的国际水稻研究所人工气候室进行水培试验,比较研究营养液中K+、Ca2+和Mg2+浓度的变化对不同水稻基因型苗期耐盐性的影响。【结果】在盐胁迫条件下(100mmol·L-1NaCl),耐盐基因型(FL478和IR651)与盐敏感基因型(IR29和Azucena)相比,植株体内有较低的Na+含量和Na+/K+、Na+/Ca2+、Na+/Mg2+比,有较高的K+含量,这些都是耐盐基因型耐盐胁迫能力高于盐敏感基因型的内在原因。盐胁迫条件下提高营养液中Ca2+和Mg2+的含量(60mg·L-1),可显著降低植株体Na+含量和Na+/K+、Na+/Ca2+、Na+/Mg2+比,明显减轻盐胁迫的危害,增强水稻耐盐胁迫能力,且Ca2+处理的效果优于Mg2+处理;而提高营养液K+含量对以上指标的影响远远小于Ca2+处理和Mg2+处理,这也是K+处理对水稻耐盐性影响相对不明显的内在原因。【结论】K+、Ca2+和Mg2+在植株体内的含量及其与Na+的比值变化都会影响水稻苗期耐盐性;适当提高水稻生长环境的Ca2+和Mg2+浓度可以明显增强植株耐盐胁迫能力,营养元素Ca2+的效果比Mg2+明显;而K+对水稻耐盐性的影响相对不明显。     

克氏原螯虾交配行为的初步研究

分别对同性别(全雌、全雄)、异性别小龙虾在繁殖季节的交配行为进行了观察。结果表明:同性别小龙虾雄性个体之间存在交配行为,但交配过程中的交配行为、交配时间、交配频率与异性别小龙虾明显不同;同性别小龙虾雌性个体之间没有观察到有交配行为;异性别小龙虾个体之间存在典型的交配过程。     

喀斯特峰丛洼地次生林小气候特征研究

根据喀斯特峰丛洼地次生林自动观测气象站连续气象观测资料,以农田气象资料为对照,初步分析了次生林小气候特征的变化规律。结果表明,喀斯特峰丛洼地次生林对小气候存在明显影响。林内太阳辐射、平均气温和风速相对林外均明显偏低,而相对湿度林内显著大于林外。林内同林外比,太阳辐射年平均降低40.6%,气温偏低0.3℃-5.3℃,相对湿度偏高0.9%-11.4%;风速平均降低0.57 m/s。林内各气象因子变化幅度均明显小于林外,次生林对各气象因子影响明显。各气象因子之间相关性显著,林内外温度相关性最强。     

表型同型交配群体的Shannon信息熵和互信息

应用信息论方法研究了在表型同型交配下一对等位基因群体的基因型信息熵和互信息。在表型同型交配下,从随机交配下的平衡状态开始,群体的基因型信息熵逐代减少,但这种减少的趋势越来越慢,最终趋向于零。随着基因型信息熵的减少,群体的遗传多样性程度也越来越小。在表型同型交配下,群体的配子间互信息逐代增加,但这种减少的趋势越来越慢,最终趋向于零。配子间互信息的增加说明,配子间的信息交流程度逐代增加,两性配子间的信息关联程度越来越密切,而这用表型信息关联系数反映会更好。最后应用Matlab软件进行了数学模拟,直观验证了所得的结论。     

不同垄距及株距对甘薯产量的影响

通过对徐薯22进行不同垄距及株距的组合试验,探索高淀粉含量甘薯品种徐薯22在咸宁市的配套栽培技术对其产量的影响.结果表明,不同垄距及株距对产量均存在显著差异,徐薯22在我市种植最适宜的组合是垄距80 cm、株距21 cm,单产达48340.7 kg/hm2.     

芸薹属作物花粉发育相关基因MS1的生物信息学分析

[目的]利用生物信息学分析芸薹属作物MS1基因的结构功能,为作物杂种优势利用提供理论参考.[方法]以拟南芥花粉发育关键基因AtMS1为参考序列,通过BLAST比对获得同源基因序列,运用生物信息学方法对其编码氨基酸序列进行预测分析.[结果]从甘蓝型油菜、白菜、甘蓝等芸薹属作物基因组中获得4条同源序列,与AtMS1基因的相似性在88.0%以上,均含有3个外显子,其CDS序列长度均为2004 bp,编码667个氨基酸.4个芸薹属作物MS1蛋白均含有1个植物同源结构域(Plant homeodomain,PHD),属于亲水性不稳定蛋白,定位于细胞核,磷酸化以丝氨酸(Ser)为主,以苏氨酸(Thr)和酪氨酸(Tyr)为辅;二级结构均由α-螺旋、β-转角、延伸链和无规则卷曲组成,其中α-螺旋所占比例最高,在40.00%以上,β-转角所占比例最低,仅为10.00%左右;其三级结构大致相同,均为球状的功能结构域.4个芸薹属作物MS1蛋白和AtMS1蛋白序列的相似性为95.69%.4个芸薹属作物MS1蛋白的PHD结构域序列高度保守,仅有3个位点氨基酸残基存在差异.19个不同植物的MS1同源蛋白聚为两大类,其中琴叶拟南芥、亚麻荠、萝卜的MS1蛋白与4个芸薹属作物MS1蛋白及拟南芥AtMS1蛋白聚为一类,均属于十字花科植物,即MS1蛋白的聚类结果与植物系统分类结果相吻合.[结论]芸薹属作物MS1基因属于PHD-finger基因家族,其序列高度保守,参与调控花粉发育成熟过程.     

不同文明背景下城乡居民收入、消费差异比较研究——以酒泉、嘉峪关市为例

本文通过利用2000-2004年城乡居民收入和消费的统计资料,对酒泉市与嘉峪关市这两市的城乡居民收入结构、变化趋势和消费结构、变化趋势进行了对比分析。结果表明:①城乡居民收入差额逐步扩大,但发散和收敛的状况不一致,两地相比,嘉峪关市表现出更明显的收敛性,而肃州区则仍然有较强的发散性;城乡居民收入构成各异,依赖性存在较大的差别;②城乡居民生活消费支出比逐步扩大,其发散和收敛的状况与居民收入变化趋势形成反差,嘉峪关市表现出更大的发散性。究其原因:①城市发育的基础和职能不同;②城市经济结构和就业结构不同。     

Morphological Basis of Resistance in Cotton to the WhiteflyBemisia Tabaci

The morphological basis of resistance to the whiteflyBemisia tabaci Genn. (Aleyrodidae: Hemiptera) was studied. The plant characters examined were leaf area, thickness of leaf lamina, hair density, hair length, angle of insertion of leaf hair, and density of gossypol glands. Hair density and leaf thickness were positively correlated with the population ofB. tabaci, and a positive correlation was obtained between the adult whitefly population and gossypol glands on stem internodes. Cotton genotype USA-22 (sparsely hairy) was found to be more tolerant toB. tabaci than was genotype USA-13 (velvety hairy). The use of thinner and glabrous leaved cotton varieties is suggested to minimize the whitefly menace in cotton.     

Demonstration of Heterogeneous Genotypes of Taylorella equigenitalis Isolated from Horses in Six European Countries by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis

Forty-six isolates of Taylorella equigenitalis were analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) after separate digestion of the genomic DNA with ApaI and with NotI. The isolates had been obtained from horses in six European countries and were classified into 18 genotypes. In Belgium, 2 genotypes were detected in 2 isolates, in England 9 among 15, in Finland 2 in 2, in France 2 among 10, in Sweden 3 among 5, and in Switzerland 3 among 12. Two English isolates and 4 French isolates gave identical PFGE profiles to those of Kentucky 188 from the United States. A common genotype was found in 5 isolates from Belgium and England and also in 10 isolates from France and Switzerland. The analysis of genomic DNA from 12 isolates of T. equigenitalis obtained from male horses in France, Sweden and Switzerland gave no evidence of a sex-related difference in the genomic DNA. Genomic DNA from 11 streptomycin (STM)-susceptible isolates obtained in Sweden and Switzerland were classified into four genotypes by PFGE. Each of the six genotypes determined among the 17 isolates from these two countries had single phenotypes for resistance or susceptibility to STM.     

Genetic relationships between the dominant genotypes of Phytophthora infestans in Hokkaido, Japan

The genetic characteristics of the dominant genotypes of Phytophthora infestans in Japan (US-1, JP-1, Japanese A1-A, A1-B) were compared. Differences were evident in the peptidase genotype, amplified fragment length polymorphism, and RG57 DNA fingerprints. Almost all of the fingerprint bands for the Japanese genotype A1-B were also present in JP-1 and Japanese A1-A, and few bands were unique to Japanese A1-B. These results suggest that the Japanese A1-B genotype was generated from sexual reproduction involving Japanese A1-A and JP-1 or related genotypes.