猪瘟免疫猪接种PRRSV Nsp2Δ1882-2241弱毒疫苗后免疫应答及T细胞表型变化特征

选择17头28日龄的CSFV和PRRSV抗体均为阴性的仔猪,于试验的第1天和第14天分别对其进行猪瘟耐热保护剂活疫苗（兔源）和高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征Nsp2A1882—2241弱毒疫苗免疫。在免疫后的第28、42天采集外周血液,分析特异性抗体表达量和外周血T淋巴细胞表型的变化,评估猪瘟免疫对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征免疫的影响。结果显示,在CSF免疫后第28、42天,CSFV高抗组中的CD4^＋、CD4^＋／CD8^＋、CD4^＋CD8^＋和CD4-CD8数目均比CSFV低抗组高,CD3^＋和CD8^＋细胞数量比CSFV低抗组低;PRRS高抗组中,CD4CD8-细胞含量高于PRRS低抗组;在CSF免疫后第28天,CSFV抗体产生较高（阳性比率为73．33％）,PRRSV抗体产生较低（阳性比率仅为6．67％）。在CSF免疫后的第42天,CSF高抗组中PRRSV抗体阳性比率较CSF低抗组高8．33％。结果表明,CSFV特异性抗体产生高时能增加PRRSV特异性细胞免疫应答,增加CD4^＋细胞、CD4^＋CD8^＋细胞数量,提高机体免疫水平。CD3＋和CD4CD8-细胞应答作用值得重视。     

上海市犬只狂犬病认定免疫点主要管理做法分析

强化犬只狂犬病免疫工作是从源头控制狂犬病的最有效措施.近年来,上海市按照《上海市养犬管理条例》的要求,通过严把免疫资质准入、规范内部管理、落实疫情报告责任、推进免疫质量考核等举措,使犬只狂犬病认定免疫点的布局日趋合理,文明服务更加规范,这已成为上海市民犬只狂犬病免疫的主渠道,免疫数量和质量逐年提升,构筑了良好的免疫屏障...     

动物免疫接种中存在的问题及对策

针对动物免疫接种工作中基层防疫员、养殖户等方面存在的问题进行了阐述,并提出了相应的解决办法。     

鸡马立克氏病胚胎免疫的研究

用MD京CV1988／Rispens冷冻疫苗对孵化至18日龄的鸡胚进行免疫接种，试验结果表明：胚胎免疫不影响孵化率，对鸡的生长发育也无影响，与1日龄免疫的雏鸡比较，可明显提高对MD强毒攻击的抵抗力。     

Vaccination of pregnant cows with K99 antigen of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and protection by colostrum in newborn calves

The immune response to the K99 was tested in 45 pregnant cows, subcutaneously vaccinated, for protecting the newborn calves. Serological tests were performed in the blood sera of all animals and in the milk and colostrum sera; hemogram, inhibition of the adhesion to the brush border and histological tests were performed. The calves from vaccinated cows survived the experimental infection after the suction of colostrum in spite of the fact that the calves from control dams died with diarrhea.     

Diagnosing feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) infection: an update for clinicians

With the commercial release in Australia in 2004 of a vaccine against feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV; Fel‐O‐Vax FIV®), the landscape for FIV diagnostics shifted substantially. Point‐of‐care (PoC) antibody detection kits, which had been the mainstay for diagnosing FIV infection since the early 1990s, were no longer considered accurate to use in FIV‐vaccinated cats, because of the production of vaccine‐induced antibodies that were considered indistinguishable from those produced in natural FIV infections. Consequently, attention shifted to alternative diagnostic methods such as nucleic acid detection. However, over the past 5 years we have published a series of studies emphasising that FIV PoC test kits vary in their methodology, resulting in differing accuracy in FIV‐vaccinated cats. Importantly, we demonstrated that two commercially available FIV antibody test kits (Witness? and Anigen Rapid?) were able to accurately distinguish between FIV‐vaccinated and FIV‐infected cats, concluding that testing with either kit offers an alternative to PCR testing. This review summarises pertinent findings from our work published in a variety of peer‐reviewed research journals to inform veterinarians (particularly veterinarians in Australia, New Zealand and Japan, where the FIV vaccine is currently commercially available) about how the approach to the diagnosis of FIV infection has shifted. Included in this review is our work investigating the performance of three commercially available FIV PoC test kits in FIV‐vaccinated cats and our recommendations for the diagnosis of FIV infection; the effect of primary FIV vaccination (three FIV vaccines, 4 weeks apart) on PoC test kit performance; our recommendations regarding annual testing of FIV‐vaccinated cats to detect ‘vaccine breakthroughs’; and the potential off‐label use of saliva for the diagnosis of FIV infection using some FIV PoC test kits. We also investigated the accuracy of the same three brands of test kits for feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) diagnosis, using both blood and saliva as diagnostic specimens. Based on these results, we discuss our recommendations for confirmatory testing when veterinarians are presented with a positive FeLV PoC test kit result. Finally, we conclude with our results from the largest and most recent FIV and FeLV seroprevalence study conducted in Australia to date.     

Utility of two modified-live virus canine distemper vaccines in wild-caught fishers (Martes pennanti)

Background: Canine distemper virus (CDV) infects families in the order Carnivora. As a preventive measure, vaccinations against CDV are frequently given to mustelids in captive environments.

Objectives: Our objectives were to compare the utility between two modified-live virus canine distemper vaccines (MLV CDV's), Fervac-D® (no longer manufactured) and Galaxy-D® (now manufactured by MSD Animal Health as part of a multivalent vaccine), in developing an immune response in wild-caught fishers.

Animals and methods: The Pennsylvania Fisher Reintroduction Project (PFRP) used 14 wild-caught fishers during one year of the project to evaluate the utility of vaccinations against CDV as part of any reintroduction project. Fishers were injected subcutaneously in the nape of the neck with their designated vaccine.

Results: Fervac-D® did not effectively stimulate development of a serologic antibody response, whereas Galaxy-D® had adequate seroconversion or rise of titer levels to suggest that the general use of MLV CDV may be suitable in fishers pending further studies.

Conclusion: We recommend that future studies be conducted, evaluating the use of currently produced vaccines in fishers. Future research should also focus on the length of days required between administration of primary and booster vaccines to achieve sufficient immune response.

Clinical importance: If only primary doses are required, then hard-release reintroduction projects for fishers could be recommended. If primary and booster vaccines are required then soft-release reintroduction projects should be recommended that include captive management periods, allowing for appropriate vaccination intervals needed to maximize the probability of protection against CDV.     

现代化规模猪场猪伪狂犬病防控探讨

猪伪狂犬病是目前规模猪场主要防控的病毒病之一,2018年12月华北地区某现代化规模猪场,妊娠母猪出现流产现象。通过发病背景、临床症状及死胎剖解、现场情况、实验室血清学及病原学检测,此次妊娠母猪流产是由伪狂犬病毒野毒感染所致。采用优质伪狂犬基因缺失疫苗进行紧急接种、改善通风、消除贼风引起的应激措施后,得到了有效的控制。该措施从猪场的饲养管理角度并结合疫苗防控来控制疫病,以期为现代化规模猪场伪狂犬病的防控提供参考。     

基于SIR传染病模型的不同控制策略比较

研究了SIR模型在连续接种、脉冲接种、治疗等不同策略下平衡点的稳定性,获得了疾病灭绝的阈值条件.通过比较各种控制策略的有效性,说明接种比治疗更能有效控制疾病,同时应用两种控制策略比单独应用一种更有效.     

新城疫病毒接种后气管黏膜损伤研究

为了研究新城疫弱毒疫苗的免疫机理,用rlasota(重组lasota野毒株)免疫2日龄SPF雏鸡,接种后分别在第1,3,5,7,15,18 d取气管,进行电镜、光镜观察,利用免疫组化染色方法检测病毒在气管内的分布;结果发现rlasota接种后第1 d纤毛细胞有脱纤毛现象。接种第3 d杯状细胞破碎,黏液成分增多,黏膜下层的纤维裸露到表面;接种后第7 d,可以看到纤毛细胞纤毛上有球形粒子,杯状细胞、基细胞大量增生;接种后第18 d,纤毛细胞脱纤毛区域进一步增大。光镜观察结果发现,接种后第5 d黏膜下层水肿,淋巴细胞、粒细胞、浆细胞浸润,黏膜上皮形成空泡状,表层有数层不成熟的细胞组成;接种后第7 d,腺体腔闭塞。免疫组化染色气管固有层细胞呈阳性反应,棕色颗粒出现在胞浆中。这说明气管黏膜的损伤可能是机体重要的防御机制和免疫机制的表现。