母体对小麦胚的ABA敏感性和种子休眠性的影响

种子休眠是品种穗发芽抗性的主导因素,休眠特性与母体效应和胚对ABA的敏感性均有密切关系。为了了解母体对小麦胚的ABA敏感性和种子休眠的影响,为抗穗发芽育种提供科学依据,对穗发芽抗性不同的小麦品种及它们正反交F1后代授粉后不同发育阶段的胚进行了ABA敏感性鉴定,并对收获前的籽粒发芽能力进行了测定。结果表明,在种子发育过程中,不同基因型的离体胚萌发能力存在差异,抗穗发芽品种的胚对ABA敏感性明显高于易穗发芽品种,胚对ABA的敏感性与其萌发能力关系密切,随着萌发能力的升高,胚对ABA的敏感性降低。在成熟种子中,F1的休眠性偏向于抗性亲本。尽管成熟种子和胚的休眠表现出一定的母体效应,但母体对发育至成熟过程中胚的ABA敏感性并没有影响。因而,母体对种子休眠的影响可能与胚的ABA敏感性无关。     

影响马立克氏病毒感染的因素及疫苗免疫策略

马立克氏病毒是高度细胞结合性、嗜淋巴组织的α疱疹病毒,其致病过程包括淋巴细胞的溶细胞感染和潜伏感染以及易感鸡体内CD 4 T细胞的致瘤性转化。宿主的遗传抗性、细胞免疫、体液免疫以及相关细胞因子和淋巴细胞等对M DV的感染过程有重要影响。针对M D肿瘤抗原的靶向免疫应答的保护性抗原分子和宿主细胞因子疫苗是今后疫苗研究的方向。     

Protection conferred against viral nervous necrosis by simultaneous inoculation of aquabirnavirus and inactivated betanodavirus in the sevenband grouper, Epinephelus septemfasciatus (Thunberg)

An aquabirnavirus (ABV) and a formalin-inactivated betanodavirus [redspotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV)] were investigated for their potential to prevent RGNNV-induced viral nervous necrosis (VNN) in the sevenband grouper, Epinephelus septemfasciatus (Thunberg). Three groups of fish were injected intramuscularly with ABV, intraperitoneally with inactivated RGNNV (iRGNNV) or with both ABV and iRGNNV. At 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days post-injection (p.i.), fish were challenged by intramuscular injection of RGNNV. Control fish, which received neither ABV nor iRGNNV, showed high mortalities in all RGNNV challenges. Fish that received only ABV exhibited relative percent survival (RPS) of >60 against RGNNV challenges at 3, 7, 14 and 21 days p.i., but not at 28 days p.i., while fish that received only iRGNNV showed significantly higher protection against RGNNV challenges only at 21 and 28 days p.i. In contrast, fish that received both ABV and iRGNNV showed 60 or higher RPS against all RGNNV challenges. Fish inoculated with iRGNNV with or without ABV exhibited similar high titres of neutralizing antibodies to RGNNV at 14, 21 and 28 days p.i. These results indicate that combined inoculation with iRGNNV and ABV conferred both rapid non-specific and delayed specific protection against VNN.     

法氏囊细胞培养上清的免疫活性

地氏囊细胞培养上清经浓缩、心心后,分别进行溶血空斑形成试验和鸡ＤＮⅣ系免疫试验,结果表明：法氏囊细胞培养上清能够显著提高ＳＲＢＣ免疫小鼠脾细胞的ＰＦＣ数目（Ｐ〈０．０１）,对雏鸡ＮＤⅣ系免疫有促进作用,与免疫对照组相比,ＨＩ抗体水平平均提高１个滴度,证明体外培养的法氏囊细胞的能力分泌免疫活性因子。     

雏鸡新城疫免疫后T,B细胞数量及功能变化

本试验研究了130只健康滨白雏鸡新城疫1次、2次免疫后,外周血液 T,B细胞数量及其功能的动态变化。结果表明,1次免疫后其外周血液 T,B 淋巴细胞数量明显上升,T,B 细胞功能增强;2次免疫后外周血液 T,B 淋巴细胞数量及功能均明显高于1次免疫。说明健康鸡 ND 免疫后,体液免疫和细胞免疫应答均参与免疫应答,2次免疫具有免疫增强作用。新城疫强毒攻击后,免疫鸡呈现良好的免疫保护,其血液 T,B 细胞数量略有上升,维持较高水平,未免疫鸡全部发病死亡,其血液 T,B 细胞数量明显下降。说明攻毒后鸡的免疫保护力与其血液 T、B 细胞数量高低有一定关系。     

Protective efficacy of vaccination with NcMIC3 and NcMIC8 against Neospora caninum infection in mice

Microneme proteins (MICs) are important for Apicomplexan parasite invasion due to their adhesion to host cells. Several studies have indicated that Neospora caninum MIC3 and MIC8 are important adhesion factors and potential vaccine candidates against neosporosis. In this study, we evaluated the protective efficacy of recombinant proteins and DNA vaccines of NcMIC3 and NcMIC8. BALB/c mice were immunized with rNcMIC3, rNcMIC8, pcDNA3.1-NcMIC3 and pcDNA3.1-NcMIC8 respectively, and challenged with N. caninum tachyzoites. The immune responses were evaluated through cytokine, antibody measurements and the parasite burden in the mice brain tissues. Serological analysis showed that recombinant protein vaccines induced higher levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) than other groups. The percentage of IgG1 and IgG2a in the recombinant protein groups was higher than the other groups, and with a predominance of IgG1 over IgG2a, suggesting that recombinant protein vaccines elicited a Th2-type immune response, while DNA vaccines mainly produce a Th1-type immune response. In addition, mice immunized with rNcMIC3 and rNcMIC8 a had lower parasite burden in brain tissue compared with the other groups. These results demonstrate that rNcMIC3 and rNcMIC8 could induce humoral and Th2-type immune response, leading to a considerable level of resistance against neosporosis.     

H9N2亚型禽流感病毒血凝素基因的遗传变异

连续3年对某鸡场禽流感感染鸡群进行跟踪监测,对使用疫苗前与使用疫苗后不同时段分离的H9N2亚型禽流感病毒的血凝素(HA)基因进行全序列分析,研究其H9N2亚型禽流感病毒在同亚型灭活疫苗的选择压力下的遗传变异。结果表明:在使用第1次分离的病毒株制备的疫苗后8个月分离该病毒株,其HA基因仅有1个氨基酸发生变异;继续使用该疫苗第2年分离的该病毒株,其HA基因有20个氨基酸发生变异。     

草鱼疫苗接种成本-效益分析

为分析草鱼疫苗接种的经济效益,依据选择成本原则,构建了草鱼疫苗接种成本-效益分析数学模型.应用该模型分析了华北某地草鱼免疫后的成本效益,结果显示,当地草鱼疫苗接种效益成本比为7:1,使用疫苗后每公顷养殖水面增加净收入14500元,表明草鱼接种疫苗后可获得较大的经济收益.疫苗净效益随着疫病压力(未免疫鱼死亡率)增大、疫苗品质(免疫保护率)变好而升高,盈亏平衡分析表明,在其他条件不变的情况下,未免疫鱼死亡率1.8％,或者疫苗免疫保护率15.3％是草鱼疫苗接种的盈亏平衡点.敏感性分析表明,随着疫病压力的升高,疫苗免疫保护率对净效益的影响高于免疫成本.该模型可用于草鱼疫苗接种成本效益分析,为政府、企业、养殖户等选择疫苗提供科学依据.     

山羊抗小鹅瘟血清的研制和应用

本课题采用山羊研制抗小鹅瘟高免血清获得成功,抗体琼扩效价达1:8;雏鹅皮下注射血清 1 ml,经强毒攻击,保护率为 100％;在疫区内免疫接种 25000 余只雏鹅,调查了 394 只,成活率为 92.8％,而 103只未免疫的雏鹅,成活率仅 55.3％;血清对病鹅的洽愈率为 74.3％,证明山羊抗小鹅瘟血清安全、有效。