Effects of maternal high-fat diet on motor ability,learning and memory of male offspring mice in late adolescence

AIM To study the effects of maternal high-fat diet （HFD） on motor ability, learning and memory of male offspring mice in late adolescence and the underlying mechanism. METHODS The female rats were fed with HFD for 16 weeks until the end of lactation to establish the obesity model, and the offspring male rats were taken as the main research object. The motor coordination of offspring mice was studied by footprinting analysis and rotarod experiment, the change of motor ability of male offspring mice was studied by open field experiment, the change of learning memory behavior of offspring mice was studied by Morris water maze and new object recognition experiment, and the neurogenesis of dentate gyrus （DG） in hippocampus of offspring mice was observed by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS The footprint angle of the offspring mice in maternal HFD group decreased significantly, and the stay time in rotarod of the offspring mice in maternal HFD group was significantly shorter than that of the offspring mice in maternal normal diet group（P<0.01）. In the open field experiment, the number of vertical times, the central time and the total distance of movement were significantly reduced, and the latency of water maze experiment and the preference index of new object recognition were significantly reduced. The results of immunofluorescence staining showed that the degree and complexity of neuron differentiation in DG area of hippocampus of offspring mice in maternal HFD group decreased significantly（P<0.01）. CONCLUSION Maternal HFD damages the movement and learning abilities of the male offspring in late adolescence by affecting the hippocampus neurogenesis.     

Colostral transfer of antibodies specific for Hypoderma lineatum proteins

Antibodies to Hypoderma lineatum were transferred to calves via colostrum. The antibodies transferred in the colostrum demonstrated specificity to all the H. lineatum first-instar proteins which were resolved by non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and were capable of mediating a Type I hypersensitivity reaction. The kinetic decline of colostrum-acquired antibodies, the effect upon development of an autologous humoral response to H. lineatum and the host or parasite protective role of these antibodies are discussed.     

鸭瘟弱毒疫苗早期免疫的研究——Ⅰ.鸭瘟疫苗早期免疫途径和时间以及程序的研究

本试验对388只含有母源抗体雏麻鸭和118只无母源抗体雏北京鸭分别进行了早期免疫接种。前者进行了不同日龄(1、5、10、15)、不同免疫途径(肌肉,皮下、点滴、饮水)鸭瘟弱毒疫苗的一次性免疫,后者进行了1日龄、不同途径(肌肉、皮下、滴鼻、喷雾)鸭瘟弱毒疫苗的首免和二免。无母源抗体雏鸭可采用肌肉和皮下途径免疫,最佳时间从1日龄开始首次免疫,免疫30天后进行二次免疫。对含母源抗体雏鸭也可采用肌肉、皮下途径,最佳时间从10日龄开始免疫,经过对含母源抗体和无母源抗体免疫雏鸭2个月的观察,前者经得住鸭瘟强毒10~(-8)的攻击,后者经得住10~(-3)的攻击;免疫效果高,免疫期达2个月仍保持着令人满意的免疫力,保护率达100％。含有母源抗体雏鸭,采用饮水和点滴途径免疫,前者最佳时间从1日龄开始免疫,后者从10日龄开始免疫,其安全性好,免疫效力高,免疫期达2个月,保护率达100％。用肌肉和饮水途径接种鸭瘟弱毒苗的方法进行大规模的预防接种,更为简便易行。 在试验中,还对早期免疫程序进行了探讨。     

鸡胚母源抗体对新城疫Lasota毒株繁殖的干扰及克服方法

鸡胚中过高的母源抗体会干扰Lasota毒株的繁殖。本试验结果证明,当母源抗体＞26时种毒（EID50 108.5,HA 210）稀释1×103-5×103倍;母源抗体平均24左右时,种毒稀释5×103-1×104倍;母源抗体降至23左右时,种毒稀释倍数1×104-1×105为宜。按以上方法接种鸡胚,所收毒液效价最高。     

Lymphocyte subset distribution in apparently normal and single intradermal test-positive water buffaloes analyzed by flow cytometry

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against bovine lymphocyte cell surface antigens namely, MHC Class I, MHC class II (DP, DQ and DR), CD3, CD4, CD8, gamma delta TCR, WC1N1 and WC1N2, were tested for their reactivity on apparently normal buffalo mononuclear cells prepared from spleen, lymph nodes and peripheral blood. All the mAbs cross-reacted with the buffalo mononuclear cells. The mean (+/-SD) CD4:CD8 cell ratio in the peripheral blood of apparently normal buffaloes was 1.08+/-0.049 while in the spleen and lymph nodes it was 0.90+/-0.080 and 1.81+/-0.430, respectively. The lymphocyte subsets in the buffaloes positive for tuberculosis by the single intra dermal (SID) test was found to be altered; the CD4 cells were reduced while the CD8 and gamma delta cells were increased. The mean CD4:CD8 ratio in the SID positive buffaloes was 0.36+/-0.010.     

母源性免疫的功能及其在养殖业中的应用前景

母源性免疫即母体传递给子代的免疫力。许多动物在个体发育早期合成免疫相关因子的能力十分有限,它们主要依靠母源性免疫来抵抗各种病原的攻击。对母源性免疫的功能进行了综述,并对其应用前景进行了分析,以期推动我国母源性免疫的研究及开发利用。     

低酚棉种仁含油量的母体效应和杂种优势分析

利用3个低酚棉品种配制的四个正、反交组合的F1、F2和回交世代对棉籽种仁含油量的母体效应和杂种优势进行了遗传分析。结果表明，棉籽的种仁含油量受母体基因型的控制，即存在母体效应，细胞质效应对种仁含油量无显著影响。用种仁含油量高的品种作母本配制的杂种一代（F1）棉籽，其种仁含油量有极显著的中亲和高亲优势，F2棉籽种仁含油量的自交衰退率虽较大，但其中亲优势仍较大，且优于用低种仁含油量品种作母本配制的杂种二代（F2）棉籽。利用杂种优势是提高棉籽种仁含油量的有效方法，其中的关键是亲本选配。此外，本文还讨论了棉籽含油量遗传研究的模型选择问题和提高棉籽含油量的育种方法问题。     

分泌抗伊氏锥虫单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株的建立

通过3次sp2/0骨髓瘤细胞与免疫小鼠脾细胞间的融合试验,筛选出7株分泌单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。对其中2G_6细胞株作了进一步的检定分析,用2G_6上清液对T.e抗原进行ELISA试验,显示出高度的特异性,与血吸虫、弓形虫均未出现交叉反应。效价为1∶5.1×10~3,诱生腹水抗体的效价为1∶1.6×10~7,免疫球蛋白类型属IgG_1亚美。该细胞株在外培养下,稳定地分泌特异性抗体已达6个月之久,在液氮冻存近8个日之后仍深持分泌抗体的能力。     

Seed ecology and successional status of 27 tropical rainforest cabinet timber species from Queensland

Tropical rainforest seed ecology is diverse reflecting great variation in patterns of germination. These patterns reflect reproductive strategies designed to optimise the distribution and successful germination of species. The percentage germination varied widely across the 27 rainforest species. An additional seven species failed to germinate under the conditions provided and are not discussed further. When grouped according to successional status, in the absence of seed pre-germination treatments, germination on average reached 53% in late secondary species, 61% in early secondary species, 71% in climax species compared to only 17% in the pioneer species. The time to onset of germination was significantly lower in pioneer species (5 ± 9.9 days) compared to early secondary (14 ± 7.6 days) and climax (35 ± 7.5 days) successional species. We imposed eight pre-germination treatments, of which each was effective in increasing germination percentage for at least some of the trialed species. The most effective pre-germination treatments were nicking and boiling water, which gave on average five to sixfold increases, respectively, as compared to darkness and the presence of fleshy fruit or combinations thereof of those treatments. The knowledge of germination ecology may enable nursery operations to accurately plan seedling production.     

A seroepidemiological survey of adenovirus activity (types 1--3) at two Finnish calf rearing farms.

Three series of seroepidemiological studies by microneutralization test on activity by serotypes 1, 2 and 3 of bovine adenovirus were carried out at two calf rearing farms. One farm (A) was operated as a closed, and the other (B) as an open herd. At farm A two serial studies were made, covering periods of six and nine months and including groups of 44 and 41 even-aged bull calves, respectively; at farm Β at each bleeding calves of different selected age groups were included, 36 in all.Maternal antibodies against all three types were common. With few exceptions they had disappeared at the age of five months. At farm B, unexpectedly, in view of the open herd nature, no signs of active infection were revealed during the period of study. At farm A infection by type 3 was judged to be present during both studies, though demonstrably affecting a lesser part of the study population only; infections by types 1 and 2 definitely occurred only during the second study, and then extensively. The titers of type 1 and 2 antibodies were, on the average, higher (with highest titers 1/243 and 1/729, respectively) than those of type 3 (highest titer 1/27). The spread of infection within the groups was relatively slow. A possible causative participation of type 2 virus in a smaller epidemic of mild respiratory and enteric disease at farm A was suggested but not verified by the results. Maternal antibodies did not seem to give effective protection against infection.