Overview of the Second International Workshop to define swine cluster of differentiation (CD) antigens

The aim of the Second International Swine Cluster of Differentiation (CD) Workshop, supported by the Veterinary Immunology Committee (VIC) of the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS), was to standardize the assignment of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) reactive with porcine leukocyte differentiation antigens and to define new antibody clusters. At the summary meeting of the workshop in July, 1995, revisions in the existing nomenclature for Swine CD were approved, so that the rules are now in accord with those for human and ruminant CD. Swine CD numbers will now be given to clusters of mAb to swine orthologues of human CD molecules when homology is proven by (1) suitable tissue distribution and lymphoid cell subset expression, (2) appropriate molecular mass of the antigen recognized by the mAbs, and (3) reactivity of mAbs with the cloned swine gene products, or cross-reactivity of the mAb on the human gene products. In some cases, this reactivity would not be fully proven, mainly due to the lack of cloned gene products; for these CD antigens, the respective clusters will be assigned by the prefix ‘w' which will lead to ‘wCD' antigens. As a result of the Second International Swine CD Workshop the assignment of 16 mAb to existing CD groups (CD2a, CD4a, CD5a, wCD6, wCD8, CD14, CD18a, wCD21, wCD25) was confirmed, and 2 mAb to existing swine workshop clusters (SWC). More importantly, for the work on the porcine immune system, was the definition of 5 new swine CD antigens, namely CD3 (recognized by 6 new mAb and 3 epitopes), CD16 (1 new mAb), wCD29 (2 mAb), CD45RA (3 mAb) and CD45RC (1 new mAb). Finally, the demarcation of two new SWC molecules in swine, SWC8 (2 mAb) and SWC9 (2 mAb) was confirmed.     

Passive transfer of Theileria equi antibodies to neonate foals of immune tolerant mares

Equine babesiosis, a tick transmitted haemoprotozoan disease caused by Theileria equi is globally distributed and responsible for heavy economic losses to the equine husbandry. Equids reared in endemic areas usually pick up infection at an early age and become immune tolerant throughout their life span. We studied the level of passively transferred antibodies in neonate foals born from pre-immuned mares. Latently T. equi infected pre-immuned pony and donkey mares (three each) were selected and T. equi antibody titres in neonates was monitored till 90 days post foaling (DPF) by applying Dot-ELISA on sequentially collected serum samples from foals and their dams. A very high antibody titre was observed in pre-immuned pony and donkey mares. The maximum antibody of 1:60 to 1:80 was observed in pony's and donkey's foal on 2–16 and 2–10 DPF, respectively and thereafter it declined to less than 1:20 on 63–77 and 56–63 DPF. Simultaneously parasite carrying status in neonate foals and their dam was also monitored by applying PCR on blood samples. We could demonstrate PCR amplification in dam's blood samples while no amplification was recorded in neonate's blood samples. This study indicated that new-born foals were born naïve and passively transferred immunity was transitory which wanes after 63–77 DPF.     

齿兰环斑病毒RdRp基因的原核表达及多克隆抗体制备

 采用RT-PCR法从感染齿兰环斑病毒(Odontoglossum ringspot virus, ORSV)贵州分离物的苋色藜叶片中扩增出病毒的依赖RNA的RNA聚合酶(RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, RdRp)基因保守序列。测序结果显示,该保守片段长516 bp,编码171个氨基酸残基。构建了该片段的原核表达载体pET32a-ORSV RdRp并转化BL21(DE3)菌株,在25℃以0.4 mmol·L^-1 IPTG诱导表达重组蛋白。SDS-PAGE分析表明,重组蛋白分子量约为36 kDa,与预测相符合。将该重组蛋白作为抗原免疫BABL/C小鼠,制备的多克隆抗体效价达1∶102 400。间接ELISA结果表明,该多抗具有较强的特异性,能检测到ORSV感染的病叶汁液中的RdRp,而与其它感染4种同属或不同属病毒的病叶汁液不发生血清学交叉反应,本实验为进一步研究RdRp的结构和功能以及从分子水平上探讨该病毒的致病机制奠定基础。     

龙眼MEE70/MSI1基因DlMEE70-1a及其可变剪接体DlMEE70-1b的分离及其在体胚发生过程中的表达分析

MEE70/MSI1是拟南芥母性效应胚胎滞育基因,在植物胚胎发生过程中具有重要作用。采用RACE技术获得龙眼MEE70-1a(登录号KC492117)及其可变剪接体MEE70-1b(登录号KC492118)c DNA序列,克隆MSI1g DNA(登录号KC492126)序列。生物信息学分析预测Dl MEE70-1a和Dl MEE70-1b均为亲水不稳定的酸性蛋白,主要定位于过氧化物酶体和细胞核,各含有4和1个WD-repeat结构域。MEE70-1a和MEE70-1b在体细胞胚胎发生过程实时荧光定量PCR分析结果表明,Dl MEE70-1a和Dl MEE70-1b表达趋势以心形胚为界,除了Dl MEE70-1b的不完全胚型紧实结构(ICp EC)到球形胚(GE)阶段之间,都表现出先降后升的趋势;胚性愈伤组织(EC)时期两者表达量一致且最高;心形胚(HE)时期,两者表达量一致且最低,另Dl MEE70-1b在不完全胚性紧实结构(ICp EC)表达量与心形胚基本一致。这2个表达剂量是胚胎发生的重要保障,心形胚(HE)后,Dl MEE70-1a被再次激活转录促进胚胎正常发育。从Dl MEE70-1a和Dl MEE70-1b的理化性质、WD重复结构域数量、亚细胞定位以及表达量和趋势,可以推测Dl MEE70-1a需要Dl MEE70-1b的协同来调控龙眼胚胎发育。     

栉孔扇贝稚贝造血组织的研究

采用石蜡切片和单克隆抗体的免疫组化方法,研究栉孔扇贝稚贝血细胞的分布和造血组织的定位。两种方法所得结果一致：在稚贝的外套膜、鳃、消化盲囊、闭壳肌、肾等处观察到大量血细胞,心脏位于消化腺与闭壳肌之间,闭壳肌、消化盲囊、肾等附近有血窦,血管分布于消化腺、胃、肾、直肠等处,有三个血窦,闭壳肌附近有一膨大突出的囊状组织,外被一层致密的结缔组织薄膜,其内壁血细胞密布层叠,分裂增生,形态多样,腔内充满了基质,靠近闭壳肌一侧有管道相通,并向闭壳肌等器官不断输送成熟的血细胞,该组织结构特点类似血细胞生发中心,并随着扇贝的生长发育逐渐膨大增生,据其结构特点及内部血细胞的形态、分布及免疫特性可初步定为栉孔扇贝稚贝的造血组织。     

罗氏沼虾诺达病毒单克隆抗体的制备及应用

罗氏沼虾肌肉白浊病（whitish muscle disease of Macrobrachium rosenbergii）是一种发生在罗氏沼虾苗种阶段的流行病,发病虾苗出现肌肉白浊、白斑或白尾症状,死亡率高达60％以上,作者所在实验室在确定其病原是罗氏沼虾诺达病毒（Macrobrachiium rosenbergii Nodavirus,MrNV）的基础上,用MrNV免疫BALB／c小鼠,取小鼠脾细胞与SP2／0鼠骨髓瘤细胞融合,用间接ELISA筛选阳性孔,经有限稀释法克隆,得到12株能特异分泌抗MrNV的单兜隆抗体（Mab）的杂交瘤细胞。注射小鼠,制备腹水单克隆抗体,ELISA效价为1：10^5～10^6。亚型鉴定结果表明,有6株单抗为IgG1型,4株甲抗为IgG2a型,2株单抗为IgG2b型。12株单抗与对虾白斑综合征病毒（WSSV）和桃拉综合征病毒（TSV）均无交叉反应：挑选效价高的腹水单抗2B5,建立了检测罗氏沼虾诺达病毒的三抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附测定（TAS—ELISA）法,该方法检测灵敏度达0．98ng左右。Wesrtem blot分析表明,2B5能与MrNV 43kD的外膜蛋白特异性结合。     

苹果茎沟病毒外壳蛋白抗体制备与应用

从苹果寄主上分离得到了苹果茎沟病毒(Apple stem grooving virus,ASGV)中国株系。经基因克隆,测序后发现苹果茎沟病毒中国株系外壳蛋白基因(coat protein,CP)含有714个核苷酸,编码表达由237氨基酸残基组成的27 ku蛋白。通过构建含有ASGV-CP基因的重组表达载体pECASGV-CP,在大肠杆菌BL21 (DE3)中成功表达ASGV-CP蛋白。SDS-PAGE显示其分子质量与预计大小一致。利用纯化的重组蛋白制备多克隆抗体。该抗体可用于Western blot和DAS-ELISA检测技术。基于血清学检测,发现陕西苹果主产区ASGV发生普遍。     

恩诺沙星单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

 碳二亚胺法合成了2种恩诺沙星(enrofloxacin,ENFX)人工抗原ENFX-BSA和ENFX-OVA,用紫外扫描和分析载体蛋白的氨基酸组成等方法对人工抗原进行鉴定,ENFX与BSA的结合比约为48∶1。用ENFX-BSA免疫BALB/C小鼠,采用显微克隆技术最终筛选出2株特异性分泌细胞2C5和5D5并获取腹水,纯化后腹水效价分别为1∶3200和1∶6400。2C5和5D5均属IgG2a型抗体。单抗5D5间接竞争ELISA(Ci-ELISA)的工作浓度为1∶1000,ENFX的抑制曲线在0.13～10     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒NSP9蛋白单克隆抗体制备与鉴定

根据NSP9非结构蛋白参数选取相应30 bp DNA片段,片段串联后人工合成并连接p ET-28a(+)载体,大肠杆菌BL21中表达得到可溶蛋白,镍柱亲和层析纯化后免疫Balb/c小鼠,取免疫鼠脾细胞与SP2/0细胞骨髓瘤细胞融合。细胞融合后利用间接ELISA法杂交瘤细胞阳性克隆筛选,2次亚克隆后共获得3株抗PRRSV NSP9单克隆抗体,命名为3B17、3J13、3F19。这3株单抗可与大肠杆菌表达的蛋白产物和PRRSV感染的Marc-145细胞发生特异性反应。在PRRSV感染的Marc-145细胞中,NSP9蛋白表达水平接毒后不断升高,48 h达最高,为深入研究NSP9功能奠定基础。     

Serologically Based Diagnostic and Quantification Tests for Nematodes

Plant parasitic nematodes are important plant pests which are difficult to identify and quantify. Serologically based techniques offer new ways to identify and quantify these parasites. Several factors need to be considered when developing an immunoassay for plant parasitic nematodes, including the application of the assay and the extraction procedure which together determine the likely organisms with which antibodies may cross-react. The four major factors: taxon specificity, nematode stage specificity, antibody specificity, and the level of management which is possible, need to be addressed interdependently and the best possible compromise made to develop a practical assay. Progress has been made in the immuno-diagnosis and quantification of potato cyst nematodes (Globodera spp) and root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp) and these two groups of nematodes present different problems and therefore different challenges. The research reported here compares and contrasts work on these two groups of nematodes and highlights some of the important factors to be considered in the development of immunoassays for plant parasitic nematodes.