元谋抗旱耐热造林树种的定量选择研究

针对元谋干热河谷区特殊的自然条件,为荒山造林所需,开展抗旱耐热造林树种的定量选择研究。以银合欢、念珠相思、黄豆树、加勒比松、山合欢为参试树种,造林５年后,进行高、径及冠幅生长分析。依据测定数据,制定出本区抗旱耐热造林树种的选择标准。其数量选择标准为２７４８０。用此标准对参试树种进行反馈选择,评选出银合欢、黄豆树、加勒比松为元谋干热河谷区的造林树种。文章除论述元谋干热河谷区的自然条件、参试树种的高、径生长状况和分析结果外,还详细介绍了抗旱耐热造林树种的选择方法。     

杉木无性系抗旱性层次选择

为了综合评价杉木无性系抗旱性,在干旱胁迫条件下对不同杉木无性系抗旱性指标测定基础上,应用层次分析法（AHP）,建立了杉木无性系抗旱性选择的递阶层次结构,对杉木无性系抗旱性进行了定量筛选．结果表明,不同参试杉木无性系抗旱性强弱的综合排序为：115号＞268号＞197号＞29号＞277号＞32号,其中以115号无性系抗旱性最强,可以在干旱林地上推广．     

Combining ability for yield and plant phenology in plantain-derived populations

Genetic enhancement of Musa spp. has aimed at producing hybrids with high yield, short stature, fast crop cycling, and disease resistance through interspecific and interploidy crosses. Progeny testing for parental selection has seldom been carried out in Musa and little is known on combining ability and heterosis in this species. A 5 × 5 factorial mating design was used to estimate components of phenotypic variance in 4 x-2 x hybrid populations and to determine the combining ability of their progenitors for yield and associated traits. General combining ability was much greater than specific combining ability for these traits, and, therefore, only little recombinative heterosis could be expected upon crossing. Thus, the 4 x-2 x breeding scheme should aim to accumulate favourable alleles in 4 x and 2 x clones through recurrent selection. Such clones could be used per se or in crosses aimed at restoring the seedlessness character in the progeny due to female sterility in a triploid background. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Optimizing selection for rough rice yield, head rice, and total milled rice

High rough rice yields are important for the profitable production of rice (Oryza sativa L.). The value of rough rice is determined primarily by head rice (whole milled grains) and broken rice, together referred to as total milled rice. The objective of this study was to optimize selection for rough rice yield, head rice, and total milled rice using path-coefficient analysis and selection indices. Thirty-seven long grain pure lines were grown in an experiment at three Arkansas locations during 1993 and 1994. In another test, twenty-eight F₁ hybrids obtained from an eight-parent half diallel of long-grain rices were grown at two locations in Arkansas during 1991. For the pure lines, path analysis revealed that rough rice yield was approximately twice as important in determining total milled rice/ha than head rice. Path analysis for the hybrids revealed that rough rice yield was an even greater component in determining total milled rice/ha. Based on yield components for hybrid rice, panicle density had the largest direct effect determining total milled rice/ha. Filled grain/panicle, grain weight, and head rice, in that order, were secondary, but positive, factors determining total milled rice/ha. A selection index for pure lines based only on selection for head rice was 19.2 percent as effective as selection for total milled rice/ha directly. When selection for total milled rice/ha was based solely on rough rice yield, selection was 82.7 percent as effective as selecting for total milled rice/ha directly. Selection to improve total milled rice/ha should concentrate on increasing both rough rice yield and head rice. Rough rice yield should receive greater priority than head rice in selection strategies. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

柞水板栗优树选择的研究

通过12年的选优研究,决选出两株高产优质板栗优树——柞板11号、柞板14号。嫁接繁殖后,无性系仍保持着中选优树的优良特性。     

针阔混交防护林可持续经营技术研究

系统分析了浙江省建德市新安江林场针阔混交林的主要森林类型及其发生、发展和演替规律。根据当前防护林经营中存在的问题,按照可持续经营的原则,提出了马尾松阔叶树混交林的择伐经营模型。现实森林类型在如何实现择伐经营,发挥防护林的综合效益方面,文章论证了防护林经营技术上所涉及的森林作业和森林经理方法。     

稳定汽油罐宜选用环舱式钢制内浮盘

选用内浮顶油罐储存轻质油品是降低油品蒸发损耗和减少环境污染的有效措施,对于催化裂化装置生产的半成品稳定汽油,一般含气量大,进罐温度偏高,因而对内浮顶结构形式的选择提出了特殊要求。几种结构的应用情况表明,浅盘式内浮顶主要存在液泛问题,最终导致浮盘沉沉,铝合金内浮顶存在介质中杂质腐蚀问题,也不能有效地避免液泛现象,而环舱式内浮顶可有效地防止大量气体在浮盘软密封处聚集,减少或杜绝了液浮现象,浮盘上部不会     

陕京输气管道复杂地段的设计

陕京输气管道沿线地质条件复杂,地貌类型多,其中有湿陷性黄土冲沟,中低山地及丘陵,河谷滩地和地震活动断裂带等。通过对该线路工程复杂地段设计的实践,提出了建议。     

山区复杂地段管道选定线和勘察方式

以通过山区复杂地段的管道进行选定线和勘察方式作为研究对象,对人工测量方式和航测方式提供的测量成果进行对比分析,得出结果是,航测方式比人工测量方式具有精度均匀、勘察成果可靠、工期短、费用低、劳动强度低等优点,其航测像片可进行多方面的综合利用,为线中方案研究和具体实施提供了方便条件和可靠保证。     

应用血液生化指标进行山羊产绒量的间接选择

应用６项血液生化指标进行绒山羊产绒量间接选择的研究,结果表明：除血钙外,其余５项血液生化指标作为标记性状用于绒山羊产绒量的间接选择效果优于直接选择,其中以非蛋白氮、血清无机磷的效果最佳,分别是直接选择的１．６６８３倍和１．５７６３倍。