SCAR标记辅助的大白菜雄性不育系定向转育

以含有不育基因Ms的大白菜核不育杂交一代、回交一代和可育株自交一代为检测群体,利用与不育基因Ms紧密连锁的5个SCAR标记对群体进行标记的适用性检测并对可育株的基因型进行鉴定。结果表明,标记syau-scr02和syau-scr03仅扩增出没有差异的弱带;syau-scr04和syau-scr05在可育池和不育池中均能扩增出目的片段,多态性消失;只有标记syau-scr01在09H12群体中具有明显的多态性,其重组交换率为2.97%,遗传距离为2.15 cM,表明其可用于后期的标记辅助选择。经标记检测初步推断,全可育杂一代09H9和09H10材料的育性分离后代中可育单株的基因型为MfSMS,4份育性1∶1分离材料的分离后代中可育株的基因型为msms。以此为根据设计新的转育方案,以期在后续试验中得到新核不育系、乙型两用系和甲型两用系,并通过与标记syau-scr01相结合筛选与可育基因msms或MsfMsf相连锁的新标记。     

Homogeneous lauroylation of ball-milled bamboo in ionic liquid for bio-based composites production: Part I: Modification and characterization

Ball-milled bamboo meal was completely dissolved under constant conditions (130 °C, 6 h) in the ionic liquid ([C₄mim]Cl) and then the lauroylation was carried out at different conditions. The various factors, such as molar ratio and temperature, were investigated to evaluate the effect of modification. Results showed that the molar ratio played a very important role for the lauroylation. The weight percent gain (WPG) ranged from 167% to 528% when the molar ratio increased from 1.0 to 2.0 for 2 h. It has been shown that the highly substituted bamboo derivatives could be obtained by reacting bamboo meal with lauroyl chloride as the molar ratio is 2.0. All reactions were performed under mild conditions, low excess of reagent and a short reaction time as compared to the heterogeneous chemical modification. The physicochemical properties of the bamboo derivatives were also widely investigated. Results obtained from FTIR and NMR spectroscopies confirmed that the lauroylated derivatives were successfully synthesized in one step. It was also found that thermal stability of the esterified derivatives is lower than that of the unmodified bamboo meal. Moreover, the morphological properties of the esterified bamboo meal were significantly changed by chemical modification. The rough appearance of bamboo meal changed into a relatively homogeneous and smooth surface morphology after lauroylation. Furthermore, the lauroylated bamboo meal had excellent solubility in chloroform, which provides feasibility to electrostatic spinning of modified bamboo meal as biomaterials for industries.     

番茄抗病基因的Codominant-SCAR体系建立与优化

在本研究中,利用近等基因系建立了番茄抗病基因的Codominant—SCAR体系。利用已知序列设计的5对引物SCAR1、SCAR2、SCAR3、SCAR4和SCAR5,分别可以用于标记识别抗根结线虫基因胁,抗番茄斑点萎凋病毒病基因Sw-5,抗烟草花叶病毒基因Tin22、Tm-1、Tm-2;其中SCAR1、SCAR3和SCAR5为共显性,能有效地区分纯合抗病基因型、杂合抗病基因型与感病基因型。结果表明该方法具有重复性好、迅速、简便、成本低的特点,可用于番茄和其它作物的分子育种。     

奶牛MHC及其免疫学研究进展

奶牛MHC又称白细胞抗原,它不仅与移植排斥反应有关,而且广泛参与免疫反应的应答和调节。阐述了MHC的基因结构、MHC的免疫作用、MHC与疾病的关系以及在MAS中如何对实验材料和统计方法进行选择、怎样对待复杂病因疾病与MHC的关系等,最后展望了MHC作为动物抗病力的一种遗传标记的应用前景。     

Hydration behavior of wood cement-based composite I: evaluation of wood species effects on compatibility and strength with ordinary portland cement

As an essential preliminary evaluation for understanding the hydration behavior of wood-cement-water mixtures, an isothermal calorimetry and experimental method were used to measure the hydration heat of woodcement-water mixtures. The compatibility of 38 wood species with ordinary portland cement was studied using this procedure. Based on the results, all the wood species tested were classified into two groups. The 24 species included in the first group showed a moderating influence on the hydration reaction of cement, and a maximum temperature (T _max) peak during the exothermic reaction while the cement set appeared within 24h for each species. The other 14 species inhibited cement hydration completely. According to the maximum hydration temperature (T _max) and the time (T _max) required to reach the maximum temperature of the mixture, the suitability of each species in the first group was estimated when used as a raw material during production of cement-bonded particleboard. By testing mechanical properties [modulus of rupture (MOR) and internal bonding strength (IB)] during the board-making experiment using the same composition of wood-cement-water, a positive correlation was found betweenT _max andt _max and MOR and IB. The results imply that the method can be used as a predictor of the general inhibitory properties and feasibility of using wood species as raw materials prior to manufacture of cement-bonded particleboard.Part of this report was presented at the 49th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 1999     

利用分子标记对无核抗病葡萄杂交后代的辅助选择

利用葡萄无核基因SCAR标记GSLP1-569,葡萄抗黑痘病基因RAPD标记OPS03-1354和抗霜霉病基因RAPD标记S416-1224,对欧洲葡萄无核品种×中国野生葡萄、无核品种自交共6个组合的127株胚挽救苗进行了无核、抗病的分子标记辅助选择。结果表明,在127株胚挽救苗中,检测出拥有无核基因SCAR标记GSLP1-569的杂种27株,其中4株杂种同时拥有无核基因SCAR标记GSLP1-569和抗黑痘病基因RAPD标记OPS03-1354;拥有抗黑痘病基因RAPD标记OPS03-1354的杂种28株,拥有抗霜霉病基因RAPD标记S416-1224的杂种19株,其中10株杂种同时拥有OPS03-1354和S416-1224。获得的无核、抗病葡萄杂种将为进一步选育出新品系奠定基础。     

Comparison of QTLs for seed germination under non-stress, cold stress and salt stress in tomato

The purpose of this study was to examine whether rate of tomato seed germination under non-stress, cold-stress and salt-stress conditions was under similar genetic control by identifying and comparing quantitative trait loci (QTLs) which affect germination rate under these conditions. A fast-germinating accession (LA722) of the wild tomato species Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium Jusl. and a slow-germinating cultivar (NC84173, maternal and recurrent parent) of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were hybridized and BC₁ and BC₁S₁ progeny produced. The BC₁ population was used to construct a linkage map with 151 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers. The BC₁S₁ population (consisting of 119 BC₁S₁ families) was evaluated for germination under non-stress (control), cold-stress and salt-stress conditions and the mean time to 50% germination (T50) in each treatment was determined. Germination analyses indicated the presence of significant (P < 0.01) phenotypic correlations between T50 under control and cold stress (r = 0.71), control and salt stress (r = 0.58) and cold stress and salt stress (r = 0.67). The QTL analysis indicated the presence of genetic relationships between germination under these three conditions: a few QTLs were identified which commonly affected germination under both stress- (cold-, salt- or both) and non-stress conditions, and thus were called stress-nonspecific QTLs. A few QTLs were also identified which affected germination only under cold or salt stress and thus were called stress-specific QTLs. However, the stress-nonspecific QTLs generally exhibited larger individual effects and together accounted for a greater portion of the total phenotypic variation under each condition than the stress-specific QTLs. Whether the effects of stress-nonspecific QTLs were due to pleiotropic effects of the same genes, physical linkage of different genes, or a combination of both could not be determined in this study. The results, however, indicate that the rate of tomato seed germination under different stress and nonstress conditions is partly under the same genetic control.     

A practical guide to solid-state NMR of half-integer quadrupolar nuclei with some applications to disordered systems

The practical aspects for obtaining useful NMR spectra of half-integer quadrupolar nuclei in diamagnetic solids are discussed in some detail. The general appearance of the Magic-Angle Spinning (MAS) line shape is described. The effects of a distribution in isotropic chemical shift and quadrupole interaction on the MAS line shape is shown. The necessity of fast MAS and short excitation pulses is demonstrated. The possibilities of ²⁷Al MAS NMR at high fields is shown for some clay minerals. Techniques to obtain spectra free of quadrupolar broadening, such as DOuble Rotation (DOR), Dynamic Angle Spinning WAS) and Multiple-Quantum Magic-Angle Spinning (MQMAS), are discussed with some emphasis on the newly developed MQMAS method. The latter is used to describe structural details of phosphorus-impregnated alumina and aluminosilicate sol-gel materials. These examples give a good indication of the capabilities of this new technique.     

Marker-assisted selection for forelimb-girdle muscular anomaly of Japanese Black cattle

Forelimb‐girdle muscular anomaly is a hereditary disorder of Japanese Black cattle characterized by tremors and astasia caused by hypoplasia of the forelimb‐girdle muscles. The locus responsible for this disorder has been mapped on a middle region of bovine chromosome 26. In this study, we applied marker‐assisted selection to identify the carriers of this disorder. Four microsatellite markers, DIK4440, BM4505, MOK2602 and IDVGA‐59, linked to the disorder locus were genotyped in 37 unaffected offspring of a carrier sire. Transmission of the mutant or wild‐type allele of the disorder locus of the sire to the 37 offspring was determined by examining the haplotypes of these markers. The results showed that nine and 18 of the 37 animals possessed the paternally transmitted mutant and wild‐type alleles, respectively, and therefore, the nine animals with the mutant allele were identified as carriers. We concluded that the marker‐assisted selection using these four markers can be applied for the identification of the carriers of forelimb‐girdle muscular anomaly of Japanese Black cattle.     

基于MAS的农机制造业信息集成系统设计

针对我国农机企业特点,将多Agent系统引入到农机制造环境中,研究了Agent和多Agent系统(MAS)的定义及特性,设计了一种基于MAS的农机制造业信息集成系统,并对系统运行过程进行了详细分析,认为该系统的设计实现,对于整合农机制造企业生产能力,从而提高农机企业的市场竞争力具有一定的理论意义和实际应用价值。