Identification of QTL underlying the resistance of soybean to pod borer, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Leguminivora glycinivorella</Emphasis> (Mats.) obraztsov,and correlations with plant,pod and seed traits

Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) pod borer (Leguminivora glycinivorella (Mats.) Obraztsov) (SPB) results in severe loss in soybean yield and quality in certain regions of the world, especially in Northeastern China, Japan and Russia. The aim here was to evaluate the inheritance of pod borer resistance and to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying SPB resistance for the acceleration of the control of this pest. Used were the 129 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of the F_5:6 derived population from ‘Dong Nong 1068’ × ‘Dong Nong 8004’ and 131 SSR markers. Correlations between the percentage of damaged seeds (PDS) by pod borer and plant, pod and seed traits that were potentially related to SPB resistance were analyzed. The results showed highly significant correlations between PDS by pod borer and plant height (PH), maturity date (MA), pod color (PC), pubescence density (PB), 100-seed weight (SW) and protein content existed. Soybeans with dwarf stem, light color of pod coat, small seeds, lower density of pubescence, early maturity and low content of protein seemed to have higher resistance to SPB. The correlated traits had potential to inhibit egg deposition and thereby to decrease the damage by SPB. Three QTL directly associated with the resistance to SPB judged by PDS at harvest were identified. qRspb-1 (Satt541–Satt253) and qRspb-2 (Satt253–Satt314) were both on linkage group (LG) H and qRspb-3 (Satt288–Satt199) on LG G. The three QTL explained 10.96, 9.73 and 11.59% of the phenotypic variation for PDS, respectively. In addition, 12 QTL that underlay 10 of 13 traits potentially related with SPB resistance were found. These QTL detected jointly provide potential for marker assisted selection to improve cultivar resistance to SPB. Guiyun Zhao, Jian Wang, and Yingpeng Han have equal contribution to the paper.     

Genome-wide association mapping of starch granule size distribution in common wheat

Starch is a crucial component in wheat endosperm and plays an important role in processing quality. Endosperm of matured wheat grains contains two distinct starch granules (SG), referred to as larger A- and smaller B-granules. In the present study, 166 Chinese bread wheat cultivars planted in four environments were characterized for variation in SG size. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) using the 90 K SNP assay identified 23 loci for percentage volumes of A- and B-granules, and 25 loci for the ratio of A-/B-granules volumes, distributing on 15 chromosomes. Fifteen MTAs were associated with both the percentage volumes of A-, B-granules and the ratio of A-/B-granules volumes. MTAs IWB34623 and IWA3693 on chromosome 7A and IWB22624 and IWA4574 on chromosome 7B associated with the percentage volumes of A- and B-granules consistently identified in multiple environments were considered to be stable. Linear regression analysis showed a significantly negative correlation of the number of favorable alleles with the percentage volumes of A-granules and a significantly positive correlation between the number of favorable alleles and the percentage volumes of B-granules, respectively. The loci identified in this study and associated markers could provide basis for manipulating SG size to obtain superior noodle quality in wheat.     

抗稻瘟病恢复系黔恢101选育及安优101的应用

稻瘟病是危害水稻生产的主要病害,分子标记辅助选择(MAS)已经成为选育抗病品种的重要方法.本研究以含有广谱抗性基因pi9的DW808为供体亲本,导入区域适应性好的受体亲本R894;经过分子标记检测、田间自然鉴定、人工接种鉴定,选育出中抗稻瘟病的恢复系黔恢101;其组合安优101于2017年参加贵州省水稻区域试验,201...     

甘蓝型油菜黄籽基因的SCAR标记鉴定和快速检测

将一个甘蓝型黄籽油菜RAPD标记（S1130）发展成显性SCAR标记（SCS1130）。比较SCS1130的三种检测方法，包括测定PCR反应物浓度、PCR板EB直接染色和电泳，结果表明EB直接染色是最简单快速的检测方法，可降低成本、省时。SCS1130的发展为开展甘蓝型黄籽油菜分子标记辅助选择创造条件，将便利和加快其选育。     

大田环境下玉米抗旱相关性状QTL定位

干旱是世界范围内导致玉米产量损失的主要因素。为了阐明玉米抗旱性的遗传基础并定位相关的数量性状位点,利用抗旱自交系临1和敏感的湘97-7组配160个F2:3家系定位群体,于2011年在湖南省作物研究所和长沙县高桥镇,分别在大田干旱胁迫和正常水分条件下进行表型鉴定。所考察性状包括抽雄至吐丝间隔、株高、千粒重和产量,用抗旱系数来衡量抗旱性。结果表明,110个SSR标记构建连锁图,图谱总长1246.1 cM,标记间平均距离11.33 cM。抗旱相关性状定位的QTL介于8～14个,共检测到43个QTL。单个QTL解释的表型变异为6.27%～18.27%。不同水分条件下定位到的QTL大多数不相同,表明对干旱胁迫的适应存在不同机制。抗旱性相关性状定位到的QTL,除第2和10染色体外,在其它染色体上都有分布,主要集中在第1染色体1.02-03区域和1.06-07区域,以及第3染色体3.04-05区域。第1染色体标记umc2224和bnlg176区间同时检测到与株高、千粒重和产量有关的QTL簇;标记bnlg1556和umc1128区间检测到与抽雄至吐丝间隔和产量有关的QTL簇。第3染色体标记umc1773和umc1311区间同时检测到与株高、千粒重和产量有关的QTL簇。这些QTL簇可能有助于通过分子标记辅助选择的方法提高干旱地区玉米的抗旱性。     

标记辅助选择技术在山羊育种中的应用

标记辅助选择技术与传统育种方式相结合,可大大提高动物育种效率,缩短育种周期。因此,加强标记辅助选择技术在山羊育种中的应用研究具有重要的实践意义。文章综述了标记辅助选择在动物育种应用中的基本策略、影响选择效率的因素及其在山羊育种中的应用,同时探讨了该技术在动物实际育种中应用较少的原因,并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

抗稻瘟病Pi2/9/z-t基因特异性分子标记的开发

通过对已克隆的抗稻瘟病基因Pi2、Pi9以及Piz-t进行序列比对,寻找各自特异的核苷酸差异,成功开发了基于PCR技术以及电泳检测技术的Pi2/Pi9/Piz-t以及Piz-t的基因特异性分子标记,能有效地将Pi2/Pi9/Piz-t与该位点上的其他抗性等位基因及感病等位基因区分开,这为分子标记辅助育种及抗病基因聚合提供有效的分子标记。用Pi2/Pi9/Pizt基因特异性分子标记对来自全国各稻区的共101份水稻品种和育种亲本进行分子检测,结果发现,除2个品种检测到Piz-t带型之外,大部分水稻品种不携带这3个抗性基因,这为有目的地开展品种的抗性改良提供了重要的参考信息。     

Content and composition of free and occluded particulate organic matter in a differently textured arable Cambisol as revealed by solid‐state 13C NMR spectroscopy

The composition of functional light soil organic matter pools of arable Cambisols with a gradient in clay content was investigated. Soil texture differences originate from increasing loess admixture to the parent material (coarse‐grained tertiary sediments). Using density fractionation in combination with ultrasonic dispersion, two types of particulate organic matter (POM) were obtained: (1) free POM and (2) POM occluded in soil aggregates. Both POM fractions were analyzed by elemental analysis (C, N) and CPMAS ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. With increasing clay content the amount of organic carbon stored in the occluded POM fraction increased considerably, whereas the amounts of free POM were not related to the soil clay content. With increasing soil clay contents increasing proportions of O‐alkyl C and decreasing proportions of aryl C were found for both POM fractions. The occluded POM fraction showed a higher degree of degradation as indicated by lower amounts in O‐alkyl carbon. A lower degree of POM degradation was associated with higher clay contents. Higher soil clay contents promoted the conservation of POM with a low degree of alteration. This effect of soil texture was found to be highly significant when the aryl C : O‐alkyl C ratio was used as indicator for POM decomposition rather than the alkyl C : O‐alkyl C ratio.     

小麦多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性的SSR标记筛选鉴定与验证

 小麦多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性是引起面条和面团储存期间颜色褐变的主要因素。发掘可应用于籽粒PPO活性辅助选择的分子标记，将有助于小麦面粉颜色性状的遗传改良。本研究选用来自全国不同麦区的203份冬小麦品种，验证SSR（simple sequence repeat）引物Xgwm312的PCR扩增片段大小与籽粒PPO活性的关系。结果表明，198bp扩增片段的有无同籽粒PPO活性大小密切相关，该片段的出现通常意味着籽粒PPO活性较高。Xgwm312可应用于籽粒PPO活性的分子标记辅助育种。     

猪IGF2、MC4R、JHDM1A及TEF-1多基因标记遗传效应研究

  【目的】在大白猪群体中检测和分析猪生长和背膘厚性状候选基因（IGF2、MC4R、JHDM1A和TEF-1）的多态性,并进行多基因标记效应分析,为分子标记辅助选择在育种中的应用提供理论基础。【方法】采用PCR-RFLP方法对候选基因多态性进行检测,并运用SPSS软件对单基因标记和多基因标记与生长和背膘厚性状之间的关联性进行分析。【结果】在试验群体中检测了IGF2、MC4R、TEF-1和JHDM1A 4个基因的单核苷酸多态位点。单基因标记分析结果显示,IGF2基因与100 kg腰荐结合处背膘厚显著关联（P＜0.05）,AA型为优势基因型,分别比AG和GG基因型薄0.541 cm和0.629 cm;MC4R基因与生长和背膘厚性状无显著关联;JHDM1A基因与100 kg腰荐结合处背膘厚呈显著关联（P＜0.05）,CC型为优势基因型,分别比GG和GC基因型背膘薄0.520 cm和0.489 cm;TEF-1基因与100 kg腰荐结合处背膘厚趋于显著关联（0.05＜P＜0.1）,GG基因型背膘厚分别比AA和AG基因型薄0.973 cm和0.379 cm;与达100 kg体重呈显著关联（P＜0.05）,AG为优势基因型,分别比AA和GG基因型缩短了0.445 d和2.258 d。【结论】对4个候选基因的多基因标记效应进行分析发现,多基因标记效应与单基因标记效应一致。IGF2、TEF-1和JHDM1A基因多态位点合并基因型AGCCGG和AACCGG对于100 kg腰荐结合处背膘厚性状为优势基因型组合,可以作为分子标记在育种中应用。