菲胁迫对红鳍笛鲷急、慢性毒性效应的研究

为了解海洋菲污染对海洋水产经济鱼类的毒性及致毒机理,在实验室条件下采用半静态毒性实验研究了菲对红鳍笛鲷的96 h急性毒性,同时分析和比较了不同浓度(10.0、50.0、250.0μg/L)菲胁迫96 h后红鳍笛鲷肝脏、鳃中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力,丙二醛(MDA)含量以及脑组织中乙酰胆碱脂酶(AChE)活力的变化。结果表明,菲对红鳍笛鲷幼鱼的24、48和96 h半致死浓度(LC50)分别为4.65、3.46和3.17 mg/L,安全浓度为0.317 mg/L。在整个胁迫过程中,低浓度(10.0μg/L)菲可诱导红鳍笛鲷肝脏和鳃组织SOD活力显著性升高(P<0.05);随着浓度升高,50.0和250.0μg/L浓度组肝脏SOD活力呈抑制-诱导的波动变化,鳃SOD活力的变化则呈抑制-诱导-抑制的趋势。随着菲曝露时间延长,各浓度组红鳍笛鲷肝脏和鳃组织的MDA含量明显升高;脑组织中AChE活力表现为先升高后降低的的趋势。结果提示,菲对红鳍笛鲷具有很强的毒性,可在96 h内通过氧化损伤途径对机体产生毒性作用,鉴于SOD、MDA、AChE指标对菲的高度敏感特点,可以用其作为生物标志物来指示多环芳烃类污染物对水生生物的...     

Study of growth and body composition of red snapper <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lutjanus erythropterus</Emphasis> fed diets containing <Emphasis Type="Italic">Escherichia coli</Emphasis> expressing recombinant tilapia insulin-like growth factor-I

ABSTRACT:   To examine the effects of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I on the growth performance of fish, juvenile red snapper Lutjanus erythropterus with an initial body weight of approximately 12 g were fed diets containing different amounts of IGF-I containing Escherichia coli BL21 powder (BL21-tIGF-I). The growth of fish was enhanced by lower doses (0.25, 0.5 and 1%), but deteriorated at higher amounts (2.5 and 5%). The best results were obtained with 0.5% BL21-tIGF-I supplementation, which resulted in 154 and 85% weight gain and feed efficiency, respectively. In addition, muscle proteins appeared to be elevated, but muscle lipids were reduced except for in the 1% BL21-tIGF-I group. In contrast, liver lipids were reduced at 0.25, 0.5 and 1%, but increased at 2.5 and 5% BL21-tIGF-I. Furthermore, to examine the effects of BL21-tIGF-I on later-stage red snapper, we selected fish of approximately 23–24 g weight and fed them a diet either with or without 0.5% BL21-tIGF-I for 12 weeks. Results showed that the growth performance of later-stage fish was better with BL21-tIGF-I than those without supplementation after 6 weeks of feeding. The average body weight of fish that did not receive BL21-tIGF-I during the first 6 weeks, but were fed BL21-tIGF-I in weeks 7–12, was significantly higher than those fed without BL21-tIGF-I for the entire experiment. These results suggest that a continuous supply of BL21-tIGF-I may be beneficial for the growth performance of red snapper.     

六溴环十二烷短期暴露对红鳍笛鲷幼鱼甲状腺激素T3和T4含量的影响

为研究六溴环十二烷(HBCD)短期暴露对红鳍笛鲷的甲状腺素干扰效应及相关机理,实验室条件下分别将红鳍笛鲷幼鱼暴露于3个不同浓度的HBCD(8.6、43.0、215μg·L-1)溶液中24、48、96 h后,以肝脏和脑组织中三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)和四碘甲腺原氨酸(T4)含量及T3/T4比值为生物标志物,评价HBCD短期暴露对红鳍笛鲷肝、脑组织甲状腺功能的影响。结果表明,HBCD对红鳍笛鲷幼鱼肝、脑组织甲状腺具有明显的干扰作用,且8.6、43.0μg·L-1浓度暴露下对T3、T4含量以诱导作用为主,215μg·L-1浓度暴露下短时间内表现为极显著的诱导作用(P0.01),随暴露时间延长则表现为极显著的抑制作用(P0.01)。此外,HBCD暴露过程中,肝组织T3/T4比值均极显著低于对照组(P0.01),且呈明显的时间-效应和剂量-效应关系;脑组织T3/T4比值则随暴露浓度和暴露时间呈现较大差异,主要表现为短时间暴露T3/T4比值高于对照组、长时间暴露T3/T4比值低于对照组。研究表明,红鳍笛鲷肝脏和脑组织甲状腺素T3、T4含量及T3/T4比值对实验室3种浓度的HBCD胁迫均具有足够的灵敏度,在一定程度上可为环境中甲状腺激素干扰物的筛选和生态风险评价提供重要的科学依据。     

Cloning,expression of Vibrio alginolyticus outer membrane protein‐OmpU gene and its potential application as vaccine in crimson snapper,Lutjanus erythropterus Bloch

The outer membrane proteins of the marine aquatic animal pathogen, Vibrio alginolyticus, play an important role in the virulence of the bacterium and are potential candidates for vaccine development. In this study, the gene encoding an outer membrane protein‐OmpU was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Polyclonal antibodies were raised in rabbits against the purified recombinant OmpU, and the reaction of the antibody was confirmed by Western blotting using the isolated OmpU and the recombinant OmpU of V. alginolyticus. To analyze the immunogenicity of the recombinant OmpU, crimson snapper, Lutjanus erythropterus Bloch, were immunized by intraperitoneal injection, and antibody response was assessed by the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results demonstrated that the recombinant OmpU produced an observable antibody response in all sera of the vaccinated fish. The vaccinated fish were challenged by virulent V. alginolyticus and observed to have high resistance to infection. These results indicate that the recombinant OmpU is an effective vaccine candidate against V. alginolyticus in L. erythropterus.     

Growth and feeding responses of the mutton snapper,Lutjanus analis (Cuvier 1828), fed on diets with soy protein concentrate in replacement of Anchovy fish meal

This study evaluated the growth (first phase) and feeding responses (second phase) of juvenile mutton snapper fed four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets with increasing levels of soy protein concentrate (SPC) in substitution to fish meal (FM). The FM was replaced by SPC at 0% (basal diet, SPC000), 33% (SPC130), 57% (SPC214) and 77% (SPC300). After 95 days of rearing, fish fed SPC300 attained a significantly lower body weight (54.9 ± 13.2 g) compared with those fed diets SPC000, SPC130 and SPC214 (76.5 ± 14.0 g, 73.9 ± 13.8 g and 70.5 ± 14.0 g respectively). Fish yield increased significantly from 891 ± 36 g m^?3 for fish fed SPC300 to an average of 1099 ± 111 g m^?3 for other diets. A maximum fish body weight gain of 0.60 ± 0.05 g day^?1 and a maximum specific growth rate of 1.47 ± 0.07% day^?1 were achieved for SPC000. Behavioural assays conducted during 10 days revealed the loss in fish growth with diets containing higher levels of SPC was due to a decline in feed intake. Low feed intake driven by a poor feed palatability appeared to have been a major obstacle against higher inputs of SPC in diets for mutton snapper.     

Geographic influences on and the accuracy and precision of age estimates for the red bass, Lutjanus bohar (Forsskal 1775): A large tropical reef fish

The red bass is a large tropical reef fish (Lutjanidae, tropical snappers) that is harvested to varying extents throughout a widespread Indo-Pacific distribution. The aims of this study were to investigate the accuracy and precision of age estimates from transverse sections of sagittal otoliths and to assess effects on these of the geographic area of collection and otolith preparation method. Two independent validation studies suggested an approximately annual formation of annuli in otoliths, predominantly for otoliths with 4–10 annuli but also for one otolith with 29 annuli. Otolith sections produced exceptionally high annulus counts: up to 56 annuli for samples from the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), Australia; and up to 55 annuli from the Seychelles, indicating a high longevity for this species. The precision of otolith readings from the GBR (index of average percent error, IAPE = 3.21 ± 0.26 S.E.) was within commonly accepted bounds for age estimation (IAPE up to 5%) but precision of readings from the Seychelles was significantly lower (IAPE = 9.18 ± 0.47 S.E.) and outside of this “acceptable” range. Age-based biological parameters for red bass from the Seychelles should thus be applied with greater caution than those for red bass from the GBR. If basic demographic properties are assumed relatively constant across the wide geographic range sampled, however, results from the GBR could be used as more reliable preliminary data for precautionary management strategies in the Seychelles and elsewhere.     

Effect of acclimation temperature on thermoregulatory behaviour,thermal tolerance and respiratory metabolism of Lutjanus guttatus and the response of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and lactate dehydrogenase (Ldh‐a) genes

This study evaluated the effect of different environmental temperatures in the physiology of Lutjanus guttatus juveniles by analysing their thermoregulatory behaviour, thermal tolerance, oxygen consumption rates and thermal metabolic scope. Jointly, the effect of acclimation and critical temperatures on heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and lactate dehydrogenase (Ldh‐a) gene expressions were also analysed using acclimation temperatures of 20, 23, 26, 29 and 32°C. The results showed that the final preferred temperature in juvenile snapper was 26°C with a thermal window of 336.5°C², which was related to an optimal temperature for their physiology determined by the routine metabolic rate and thermal metabolic scope. At temperatures from 20 to 26°C, the routine metabolic rate and Hsp70 and Ldh‐a genes had the lowest values related to a basal expression level. At acclimation temperatures from 29 to 32°C and after critical thermal maximum (CT_max) limit, the relative expression of Hsp70 and Ldh‐a genes increased significantly, but the main response at CT_max was the upregulation of Hsp70 gene.     

红鳍笛鲷(♀)×千年笛鲷(♂)子一代杂种优势的微卫星标记分析

利用12对微卫星引物对红鳍笛鲷(♀)、千年笛鲷(♂)及其红鳍笛鲷(♀)×千年笛鲷(♂)子一代(F1)3个群体进行扩增,对3个群体的等位基因频率、群体多态信息含量、有效等位基因数、杂合度、Shannon信息指数及群体间遗传距离进行了遗传检测,共检测到29个等位基因,平均每个基因座位2.4167个等位基因。红鳍笛鲷、F1、千年笛鲷3个群体的多态信息含量分别为0.3484、0.5008、0.4097;有效等位基因数分别为1.9787、2.5074、2.1334;杂合度分别为0.6548、1.0000、0.7384;Shannon信息指数分别为0.6207、0.9240、0.6957。红鳍笛鲷(♀)-F1、F1-千年笛鲷(♂)、红鳍笛鲷(♀)-千年笛鲷(♂)的遗传距离分别为0.3116、0.2346、0.7813。多态信息含量、有效等位基因数、杂合度、Shannon信息指数均显示F1代有杂种优势。     

红鳍笛鲷(♀)与千年笛鲷(♂)杂交F1代及其亲本的核型研究

采用胸腔活体注射PHA及秋水仙素溶液,取头肾细胞,低渗处理,空气干燥法制片,对染色体进行Giemsa染色,研究红鳍笛鲷(♀)与千年笛鲷(♂)杂交F1代及其亲本的核型。结果表明,杂交F1代及其亲本(红鳍笛鲷和千年笛鲷)的核型相同,均为2 n=48 t,NF=48,符合遗传理论。