冬牧70黑麦草在鲁中山区引种栽培初报

通过引种栽培试验,测定了鲁中山区自然环境条件下,冬牧70黑麦草Lolium perenne在不同播种期的生产性能综合指标.试验结果表明:冬牧70黑麦草适宜在鲁中地区大面积推广栽培.以综合生产性能衡量,9月下旬播种较为适宜;冬前供应青草,可在8月中下旬种植;如用于生产精饲料或用于留种,也可推迟到10月中下旬播种.     

丙酸对多花黑麦草青贮发酵动态变化的影响

在实验室条件下制备多花黑麦草青贮饲料,评定不同浓度丙酸(0,0.20%,0.25%,0.30%)对其青贮发酵动态变化的影响。结果表明,添加丙酸对多花黑麦草青贮过程中VFAs含量无明显的影响,增加了发酵后期乳酸及WSC的含量及乳酸/乙酸值,在发酵初期降低了乳酸的含量和青贮初期pH值;降低AN/TN值、乙酸含量及生成速度;丙酸在整个发酵过程中呈现很高的趋势。综合考虑,0.25%添加水平,多花黑麦草青贮发酵品质最好。     

不同供氮水平多花黑麦草化感抑草作用与资源竞争分析

[目的]为了判断黑麦草与猪殃殃的化感作用与资源竞争关系。[方法]运用化感一竞争分离法,通过盆栽混播不同比例的供、受体植株,测定受体植株干重的变化规律,以探讨黑麦草对猪殃殃杂草的化感作用或资源竞争的关系。[结果]当黑麦草和猪殃殃混播比例较大时（供受体混播比例为12：10）,会由竞争作用转为化感作用;而在氮素胁迫条件下,两者的关系均会加强,在氮水平为10kg／667m2时,化感作用最强,随着氮水平的加大,抑制作用减弱,竞争作用逐渐加强。[结论]明确黑麦草与猪殃殃的资源竞争与化感作用的关系,为黑麦草化感抑草作用研究提供理论依据。     

A phenetic analysis and lateral key of the genus Lolium (Gramineae)

88 herbarium specimens of the genus Lolium were scored for 22 characters, comprising 7 vegetative, 8 inflorescence and 7 seed characters. The aim was to review the species relationship and to produce a lateral key to the genus. The data were analysed using principal components analysis, discriminant function analysis and cluster analysis. All analyses separated L. perenne, L. multiflorum and L. temulentum from each other. The 2 varieties of L. rigidum showed varying degrees of separation from each other and from L. multiflorum. Their distinction as a species and as 2 varieties is discussed. L. perenne and L. rigidum were shown to contain the greatest similarity between species and L. temulentum was found to be the most distinct. A lateral key is proposed that separates the species on the basis of 11 morphological characters that are easily scored in the field.     

不同刈割期对多花黑麦草饲草产量及品质的影响

为探讨不同刈割时间对多花黑麦草饲草产量及品质的影响,以自选品系和育成品种为材料,采用2种不同的刈割方案分别测定不同品种的饲草产量,粗蛋白、可溶性碳水化合物(WSC)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量以及干物质体外消化率(IVDMD)。结果表明,同4月1日开始刈割相比较,4月16日开始刈割单位面积饲草总产量极显著增加(P＜0.01),不同品种单位面积干物质产量提高16.0%～50.2%。相同刈割茬次的饲草品质相比较,饲草中粗蛋白含量以早刈割高于晚刈割,单位面积粗蛋白产量存在品种差异;WSC、ADF、NDF的含量均以早刈割的低于晚刈割。饲草干物质体外消化率总的变化趋势趋于一致,第1次刈割＞第2次刈割＞第3次刈割。在不同刈割方案中以4月1日开始刈割的各刈割茬次饲草IVDMD均高于4月16日开始刈割。综合考虑饲草产量和品质,适当推迟首次刈割时间有利于提高单位面积饲草产量和可消化干物质产量。     

Effects of forage type and gibberellic acid on nitrate leaching losses

Nitrogen (N) leaching from soil into water is a significant concern for intensively grazed forage‐based systems because it can cause a decline in water quality and is a risk to human health. Urine patches from grazing animals are the main source of this N. The objective of this study was to quantify the effect that forage type and gibberellic acid (GA) application had on N leaching and herbage N uptake from urine patches on perennial ryegrass–white clover (RGWC), Italian ryegrass and lucerne. A lysimeter study was conducted over 17 months to measure herbage growth, N uptake and N loss to water beneath each of the three forage types with the following treatments: control, urine (700 kg N/ha) and urine with GA (8 g GA active ingredient/ha). Compared with RGWC (205 kg N/ha), N leaching losses were 35.3% lower from Italian ryegrass (133 kg N/ha) and 98.5% higher from lucerne (407 kg N/ha). These differences in leaching loss are likely to be due to winter plant growth and N uptake. During the winter months, Italian ryegrass had higher N uptake, whereas lucerne had lower N uptake, compared with RGWC. The application of GA had no effect on N leaching losses, DM yield or N uptake of forage treated with 700 kg N/ha urine.     

外源NO对渗透胁迫下多年生黑麦草幼苗生长和生理特性的影响

一氧化氮(Nitric oxide,NO)作为生物体广布的一种生理活性物质,可调节植物一系列生理生化反应,增强其对逆境的抵抗能力;为此,以15%PEG-6000模拟渗透胁迫,研究外源NO对多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)幼苗生长和生理特性的影响。结果表明:15%PEG-60000渗透胁迫下,0.1 mmol·L^-1NO供体硝普钠(Sodium nitroprus-side,SNP)可显著减轻对幼苗生长的抑制;促进脯氨酸(Pro)的累积,延缓幼苗叶片的水分散失(P<0.05);可诱导超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性升高,减缓丙二醛(MDA)的积累,显著缓解因渗透胁迫诱导的细胞膜脂过氧化过程(P<0.05),增强其抗渗透胁迫能力,且随着胁迫程度的加剧效果越佳。0.5 mmol·L^-1SNP处理对黑麦草幼苗生长影响不显著,促进保护酶活性及缓解氧化损伤的作用较0.1 mmol·L^-1SNP处理显著减弱。外源NO诱导植物水分及抗氧化酶系活性的变化,是植物在渗透胁迫下维持正常生长的重要抗逆生理机制。     

营养液膜技术栽培牧草净化循环流水水产养殖废水的试验

为研究植物生态净化技术集成至循环流水水产养殖系统的可行性,构建了4个(4重复)3.0m×0.5m×0.05m(长×宽×高)的植物滤器处理淡水白鲳(Colossoma brachypomum)高密度养殖废水。每个植物滤器生长0.8m2NFT(营养液膜技术)培多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenneL.)。废水每周更换一次,每次25.4L,连续运行40d。7d循环灌溉处理后,NO3--N、TN、TP、COD的去除率分别达96.1%、86.2%、90.5%、88.7%,pH从6.4升高至8.4,而水体积只消耗29.7%。除UIA由于pH升高而超标外,所有水质指标均符合渔业水质标准。牧草日增长仅2.3mm,显著低于用商品营养液培育的牧草生长速度(日增长13.2mm)。鲜草TAN和NO3--N含量分别为107.9和42.5μg.g-1,试验结束时收获鲜草582.9g.m-2,烘干后得到干草102.5g.m-2,干湿比0.176。结果表明,植物滤器能解决生物滤器引起的N、P、COD累积以及pH下降等问题,是一种环境友好的水处理方法。为使牧草良好生长,建议定期将牧草返回培育系统用商品营养液培养一段时间。     

天仙子种子浸提液对黑麦草种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感作用

为了探究天仙子(Hyoscyamnus niger L.)对禾本科牧草的化感作用,以天仙子和黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)为材料,通过5个不同浓度天仙子种子浸提液(0,0.025,0.05,0.075,0.1 g·mL-1),对黑麦草种子萌发和幼苗生长进行处理,测定黑麦草种子萌发和幼苗生长情况.结果表明:...     

多花黑麦草和四倍体苇状羊茅属间杂种F#-1及其双倍体的细胞遗传学研究

本研究获得了多花黑麦草（Lolium multiflorum Lam 2n=2x=14）和四倍体苇状羊茅（Festuca arundinacea var.glaucescens Boiss 2n=4x=28）的属间杂种。Lmx Fa.g杂种在形态上呈中间型,而反交杂种则倾向于母本。杂种的细胞学研究表明：多花黑麦草的染色体组（A）与四倍体苇状羊茅的两组染色体（B和B′）亲和性差;相对来说,羊茅属的细胞质有利于A、B、B′三组染色体的配对。杂种F#-1花药不开裂,花粉畸形败育。合成的双倍体细胞学上不稳定,花粉KI-I#-2可染率极低。本文还讨论了利用杂种的途径和实践意义。