低血糖指数豆乳粉的研制及其血糖指数测定

以新鲜牛乳、无糖豆粉、大豆浓缩蛋白粉和低聚糖为主要原料,研究开发低血糖指数豆乳粉,确定其生产工艺及产品配方,临床测定其血糖指数。试验结果表明,研制开发的低血糖指数豆乳粉的感官指标、理化指标以及卫生指标均符合国家相关标准,经临床验证,血糖指数仅为47.1,属于低血糖指数食品。     

低分子量骨胶原肽酶解制备工艺优化和特性分析

酶解工艺参数不仅会影响畜禽骨蛋白的酶解效率,而且会改变骨胶原肽产物的肽分子量分布、氨基酸组成和微结构性能,从而影响其高值高效化利用。以制备均一性低分子量骨胶原肽为目的,以牛骨粉为研究对象,以水解度为主要评价指标,考察碱性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、复合蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶对牛骨粉的酶解效果,探究双酶分步酶解工艺、脂肪酶预处理的单独与组合应用对酶解效果的提升作用,选定最优的低分子量骨胶原肽制备工艺;结合酶解过程中各项指标的变化、产物表征分析和Person相关系数法分析不同复合酶解工艺对产物特性的影响及作用机制。研究发现：经脂肪酶预处理-碱性蛋白酶-复合蛋白酶酶解工艺制备的骨胶原肽产物具有最佳的理化性质,优化的工艺参数为：底物质量浓度为0.09 g/mL、初始pH值7.5的牛骨粉溶液加入碱性脂肪酶（加酶量0.08%）在40℃下反应4 h,再加入碱性蛋白酶（加酶量0.36 U/g）在60℃下反应5 h后,最后加入复合蛋白酶（加酶量0.36 U/g）在55℃下反应5 h,此时,水解度可达16.12%,总游离氨基酸含量可达171.571 mg/g,其M_w、M_w/...     

背负式喷雾喷粉机的现状及发展

作物病虫草害是农业生产的最大障碍,实施防治其危害的植保机械,是保证增产稳产的重要措施。植保机械使用技术严重落后的现状与高速发展的农药水平极不相称,已严重妨碍了农作物病虫草害的防治,带来了诸如农药有效利用率低、农产品中农药残留超标、环境污染、作物药害、操作者中毒等负面影响,造成了不应有的损失以及其他不良后果。为此,植保机械需从结构、配套产品、药水配制和用材等多方面进行改进,以推进植保技术发展。     

The protection of the hepatic ischemic preconditioning is concerned with the NO/ET-1 system

AIM: To study the relationship between the disturbance of nitric oxide/endothelin-1(NO/ET-1) and hepatic ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) injury as well as the regulation of NO/ET-1 system by hepatic ischemic preconditioning(IPC). METHODS: The changes of NO/ET-1 system and their relationship with hepatic I/R injury were compared between I/R group and IPC+I/R group in a rat hepatic I/R model. Two hours after reperfusion, the liver tissues were detected by RT-PCR to see whether there was inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression. RESULTS:In the acute phase of hepatic reperfusion, the ratio of NO/ET-1 was reduced, which was due to a significant reduction of NO₂^-/NO₃^- (the metabolic product of NO) and significant elevation of ET-1 in the blood plasma. The content of ALT, AST, LDH and TNF-α in blood plasma, and of MDA in liver tissue were increased but ATP in liver tissue was reduced, the hepatic damage was deteriorated. The protection of the hepatic IPC was concerned with the elevation of the ratio of NO/ET-1 caused by the elevation of NO₂^-/NO₃^-, and reduction of ET-1 as well. There was no iNOS mRNA detected in the liver tissues.CONCLUSION: Hepatic I/R injury is related to the disturbance of NO/ET-1. The protection of the hepatic IPC in the acute phase might be conducted by its regulation of NO/ET-1 system. The cNOS rather than the iNOS generated the NO in this situation.     

Study on the relationship between melatonin and hepatic encephalopathy

AIM:To explore the relationship between change of serum melatonin (MT) and pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). METHODS: Changes of MT level in sera of cirrhosic patients with HE and without HE were determined by ELISA, normal serum served as control. The change of serum MT level in exacerbation and remission in HE was also determined.RESULTS:MT level in patients with HE was higher than that withour HE (P＜0.01). MT levels of both groups were higher than that of normal group (P＜0.01). They were (308.53±59.07) ng/L, (139.85±34.59)ng/L,(77.73±28.41)ng/L, respectively. Serum MT level in exacerbation was higher than that in remission (P＜0.01), they were (301.52±66.42)ng/L and (147.81±23.31) ng/L, respectively. CONCLUSION: The elevation of MT content in sera may be closely related to the onset of hepatic coma.     

信阳绿茶主食面包的研制

将信阳毛尖绿茶研磨成粉添加到主食面包中制备信阳绿茶主食面包,研究不同绿茶粉添加量对主食面包比容、感官品质、水分含量及酸度的影响。结果表明,绿茶粉最佳添加量为面包粉质量的3%,此时得到的绿茶主食面包比容为5.75 m L/g,感官品质评分98分,水分含量32.7%,茶多酚含量0.386 g/100 g,酸度2.98°T;绿茶面包表皮完整且丰满,无焦斑,色泽均匀,稍有茶叶的黄绿色,组织紧密有弹性、耐咀嚼,有茶叶的清香,无茶苦味,且具有较好的营养保健功能,市场前景广阔。     

复合山楂果粉加工工艺研究

以山楂为原料,以山楂果粉VC和水分含量为考察指标,筛选出制作山楂果粉的最佳干燥方法;同时在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验优化了复合山楂果粉的最佳配方。结果表明,山楂果粉以真空冷冻干燥制品中VC含量最高,达55.75 mg/100 g,喷雾干燥山楂果粉水分含量最低,为3.13%;复合山楂果粉的最佳配方为:山楂200 g、红枣35 g、白砂糖5 g、复合酸0.3 g、麦芽糊精30 g,该配方制得的山楂果粉呈淡玫瑰红色、酸甜可口、风味较好。     

不同类型高粱茎秆蜡粉含量变化规律研究

为了探讨不同类型高粱茎秆蜡粉含量变化规律,根据物理学的色差原理,首次采用色差法,对高粱蜡粉进行测定。结果表明,不同类型高粱之间茎秆的蜡粉含量有明显的差异,同一类型不同基因型间也不同;饲草高粱茎秆自上而下各节段的蜡粉含量呈现出高-低-高的变化趋势,中间茎节的蜡粉含量与全株混合蜡粉含量总平均值最接近,可代表全株的蜡粉含量;不同类型高粱进入各生育期的时间和持续天数不同,同一生育期内蜡粉累积量也不同,饲草高粱为抽穗期开花期乳熟期蜡熟期完熟期,甜高粱为乳熟期抽穗期开花期蜡熟期完熟期,开花期与整个生育期平均蜡粉含量最接近,可代表整个生育期的蜡粉含量;不同类型高粱在同一个生育期内蜡粉日变化呈单峰曲线,蜡粉含量的峰值出现在13:00时;高粱蜡粉与茎秆糖锤度部分呈极显著负相关。研究表明,遗传因素导致不同类型高粱茎秆蜡粉含量存在显著差异并且含量变化具有规律性,为选育高蜡粉含量品种从而提升高粱抗逆性提供科学参考。     

西兰花蔬菜饮料的研制

以西兰花为主要原料,对西兰花饮料的护色方法、配方及稳定性进行了研究。试验结果表明,使用Cu(AC)2对西兰花进行漂烫处理,护色效果最好;通过正交试验确定出该饮品最佳配方为:西兰花200g的榨取原汁、水200mL、蔗糖25g、柠檬酸2mL(10%)、盐2.5mL(10%);另外选择CMC作为稳定剂,饮料的稳定性最佳。     

添加槐花粉对白三叶青贮发酵品质的影响

采用单因子随机设计,研究添加不同比例的槐(Sophora japonica)花粉对白三叶(Trifolium repens)青贮发酵品质的影响,以期为槐花应用于青贮饲料生产提供科学依据.分别设置白三叶单独青贮(C)、95％白三叶+5％槐花粉青贮(T1)、90％白三叶+10％槐花粉青贮(T2)、85％白三叶+15％槐花粉...