Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths,lungworms and liver fluke in sheep and goats in Norway

The present study describes the occurrence of various gastrointestinal helminths, lungworms and liver flukes in Norwegian sheep and goats as assessed from faecal samples and post mortem examinations performed between 2007 and 2010. Faecal samples for gastrointestinal nematode egg counts were collected from 77 sheep flocks and 30 dairy goat flocks from three geographical regions in Norway. Additionally, thirty-two lambs and 16 adult goats were euthanized for necropsy examination and for identification of adult gastrointestinal nematodes and tapeworms, lungworms and liver flukes. The survey showed that there was a higher mean excretion of trichostrongyle eggs in sheep than in goats at the individual level (392 EPG vs. 154 EPG, p < 0.001). For both host species, the mean prevalence and intensity of excreted trichostrongyle eggs were significantly higher in the southern coastal region compared with the inland and northern regions (p < 0.001). Third stage larvae of Trichostrongylus/Teladorsagia, Haemonchus and Nematodirus type were the most prevalent ones in the coprocultures from sheep, whereas larvae of Trichostrongylus/Teladorsagia and Nematodirus type dominated in goats. The most prevalent gastrointestinal nematode species found at necropsy was Teladorsagia circumcincta (75.0 and 81.2% respectively in sheep and goats), while the largest mean worm burdens were recorded for Haemonchus contortus in sheep (724 ± 623) and T. circumcincta in goats (377 ± 529). Other gastrointestinal nematode species were present at low prevalence or in low numbers.     

一例犬肝脏肿瘤并发糖尿病诊断与分析

2018年10月,宠物医院接到一只10岁龄患犬,为肝脏肿瘤并发糖尿病病例,对其进行体格检查和实验室检查,实验室检查的项目有B超、血常规检测、血生化检测和血气分析检测。诊断该犬为肝脏肿瘤并发糖尿病。用补液、降糖的原则对该犬的糖尿病进行治疗,肝脏肿瘤因宠物主人意愿宠物接受保守治疗。患犬经住院治疗病情稳定后出院。     

《园艺学报》征稿简则

AIM:To investigate the prognostic value of biomarkers on predicting recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). METHODS:Fifty patients with HCC who underwent OLT between April 2002 and November 2005 with a minimum clinical follow up of 12 months were included in this retrospective study. We examined immunohistochemical expression of E-cadherin with β-catenin, Ki-67 proliferative index and analyzed the correlation between these biomarkers with recurrence and survival, along with the main clinical-pathological variables.RESULTS:Only at univariate analysis, TNM, portal vein tumor thrombi were valuable on predicting recurrence and survival time (P<0.05), and preoperative serum AFP correlate to recurrence only at multivariate analysis (OR=2.552, P<0.05). Lower membrane expression of E-cadherin, nuclear β-catenin localization and high Ki-67 index showed notable significance on predicting recurrence and survival time at univariate analysis, as well at multivariate analysis, all P<0.01. The membrane expression of β-catenin did not correlate to the prognosis (P>0.05).CONCLUSION:These three biomarkers might have potential as a tumor prognostic marker for predicting recurrence of HCC after OLT and perhaps are better than the clinical-pathological variables.     

内毒素诱导的山羊红细胞膜和肝线粒体膜Ca2+-ATP酶活性的改变及654-2的保护作用

 通过静脉注射的方法研究了大肠杆菌内毒素(ET)对山羊红细胞膜和肝粒体膜损伤的膜Ca²⁺-ATP酶活性的变化及654-2(山莨菪碱)的保护效应。结果表明,ET处理组(ⅱ组)在1h,3h红细胞膜Ca²⁺-ATP酶活性高于对照组(iv组)(p<0.05),5h有下降趋势且持续到9h.12h开始回升并低于iv组(p<0.01,p<0.05).654-2处理组(ⅲ组),Ca²⁺-ATP酶活性除在9h、12h与iv组,在3h与ⅱ组差异不显着(p>0.05)外,均高于iv组和ⅱ组(p<0.01,p<0.05).在肝线粒体中,ⅱ组Ca²⁺-ATP酶活性在5h、12h均低于iv组和ⅱ组(p<0.05,p<0.01),ⅲ组Ca²⁺-ATP酶活性均高于iv组,但12h与iv组差异不显着(p>0.05).结果提示,ET具有诱导膜Ca²⁺-ATP酶活性先激活后顿抑的效应,而654-2有明显保护膜Ca²⁺-ATP酶活性的作用。     

鲈鱼对7种饲料原料的表观消化率及其对肝脏、肠道组织结构的影响

试验以Cr2O3为指示物,以70%基础饲料和30%的待测饲料原料组成试验饲料,在室内流水养殖系统中,采用虹吸法收集粪便,测定了初始体重为30±2.3 g的鲈鱼Lateolabrax japonicus对白鱼粉、血粉、虾糠、羽毛粉、双低菜粕、高筋粉和米糠中干物质、粗蛋白和能量的表观消化率.试验结果表明,鲈鱼对不同饲料原料的干物质表观消化率为98.71%～41.84%.其中白鱼粉为98.71%,显著高于其他各组(P<0.05).鲈鱼对白鱼粉和米糠的蛋白表观消化率很高,均在98%以上,双低菜粕也较高,为86.86%,血粉、羽毛粉和高筋粉在62.94%～71.08 9,6之间,虾糠仅为45.01%,显著低于其他各组(P<0.05).鲈鱼对不同饲料原料的能量表现消化率为95.24%～65.54%,对白鱼粉和高筋粉在90%以上,对血粉、羽毛粉、双低菜粕和米糠的能量表观消化率在74%以上.进行70 d的饲养实验后,取鲈鱼肝脏和肠道组织制作切片.观察到血粉、羽毛粉、双低菜粕、高筋粉和米糠对鲈鱼肝脏表现出肝损害所致的组织炎症反应、肝细胞水样变性和脂肪变性等病理特征.血粉、羽毛粉、双低菜粕组鲈鱼肠道皱襞出现顶端上皮细胞脱落、炎症细胞浸润等病理症状.     

CD31可作为分离纯化猪肝窦内皮细胞的标记分子

血小板-内皮细胞粘附分子(platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1,CD31)是内皮细胞表面一种重要的膜分子,常作为特异性标记鉴定内皮细胞.然而,CD31是否可作为纯化猪(Sus scrofa)肝窦内皮细胞(porcine liver sinusoidal endothelial cell,pLSEC)的特异性标记还有待验证.本实验通过CD31流式分选分离纯化pLSEC,观察分离后的pLSEC是否具有标志性的窗孔结构.以α-1,3-半乳糖苷转移酶基因敲除(α-1,3-galactosyltransferase knockout,GTKO)的五指山小型猪为研究材料,采用胶原酶原位肝脏灌注、离体消化,Percoll梯度离心,异硫氰酸荧光素(fluorescein isothiocyanate,FITC)-CD31标记pLSEC进行流式分选.结果表明,分离得到的pLSEC在倒置显微镜下细胞呈典型的内皮细胞形态,铺路石样排列;通过透射电镜观察到细胞具有窗孔结构,通过环境扫描电镜观察到pLSEC与猪主动脉内皮细胞(porcine arterial endothelial cell,pAEC)细胞表面结构具有明显区别,pLSEC具有特殊的窗孔结构.利用实时荧光定量PCR检测pLSEC、pAEC和猪耳成纤维细胞(porcine ear fibroblast cell,pEFC)的CD31、细胞粘附因子(cell adhesion molecules,CD146)、血友病因子Ⅷ基因(hemophilia factorⅧ,Ⅷ-F)、血管性血友病因子基因(von willebrand factor,vWF)的表达.结果表明,pLSEC的CD31、CD146、Ⅷ-F和vWF表达量显著高于pAEC和pEFC.利用免疫荧光法检测到pLSEC具有摄取细胞膜红色荧光探针(1,1’-dioctadecyl-3,3,3’,3’-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate,DiI)标记的乙酰化低密度脂蛋白(acetylated low density lipoprotein,Ac-LDL)的内吞功能.总之,利用CD31分离纯化的pLSEC,具有典型窗孔结构和内吞功能,同时高表达CD146、Ⅷ-F和vWF等肝窦内皮细胞的标记分子,为进一步研究异种肝移植的血小板减少症的问题提供了良好的细胞材料.     

辅助和正常出壳鸭胚肝脏差异蛋白质组学分析

本研究应用同位素标记相对和绝对定量(isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation,iTRAQ)技术结合质谱鉴定与生物信息学方法,研究鸭(Anas platyrhynchos domestica)胚胎(鸭胚)孵化过程中出现弱胚现象的分子调控机理,筛选辅助出壳鸭胚肝脏组织差异表达的蛋白.结果表明,共鉴定获得136个差异蛋白,与正常出壳组相比,辅助出壳组有76个蛋白表达上调,60个蛋白表达下调.基因本体(Gene Ontology,GO)注释和通路富集分析表明,这些差异蛋白主要与糖代谢、氧气运输、细胞骨架、应激反应以及氧化还原代谢等生物过程相关,其中辅助出壳组糖酵解通路中的4种酶和细胞呼吸通路中的3种酶表达均显著上调(P＜0.05),参与肌动蛋白丝生物过程的7种蛋白也均表达上调,而参与氧气运输的3种血红蛋白和应激保护的3种热休克蛋白表达显著下调(P＜0.05).利用qRT-PCR检测顺乌头酸酶1(cytoplasmic aconitate hydratase 1,ACO1)、醛缩酶B(fructose-bisphosphate aldolase B,ALDOB)、甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶1 (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1,G3P1)和热休克71 kD同源蛋白(heat shock cognate 71 kD protein,HSPA8)4个基因mRNA水平的表达,结果仅ACO1 mRNA和蛋白质水平表达模式一致.结果表明,弱胚可能与糖代谢和呼吸代谢等生物过程变化有关,辅助出壳组能量和代谢率较低.研究结果为更好理解鸭胚孵化过程中出现弱胚现象的分子调控机理提供了蛋白质组学信息.     

高精料日粮饲喂诱导泌乳奶牛发生乳脂抑制的机制

高精料饲喂导致奶牛乳脂率降低的相关机制目前还不清楚.本研究通过探究高精料饲喂对肝脏内乳脂前体代谢的影响,揭示奶牛(Bos taurus)发生乳脂抑制的相关机制,将10头泌乳期(25+5)d荷斯坦奶牛随机分为2组,分别饲喂精粗比4∶6(对照组)和6∶4(实验组)日粮.饲喂20周后实施肝脏血管瘘手术,护理4周,进行如下实验:1)统计奶牛产奶量,每周测定乳成分;2)采集空腹进出肝脏血液,检测甘油三酯(triglyceride,TAG)和游离脂肪酸(free fatty acid,FFA)的含量;3)活体穿刺取肝脏组织,qRT-PCR检测肝脏中脂代谢相关基因的表达.结果表明,高精料饲喂6～l8周可提高产奶量,18周后乳脂率显著降低(P＜0.05).高精料组奶牛肝脏TAG和FFA的净输出含量显著(P＜0.05)或极显著降低(P＜0.01);肝脏中参与脂肪酸合成代谢的固醇调节元件结合蛋白-lc基因(sterol regulating element binding protein-1 c,SREBP-1c)、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶基因(acetyl-coa carboxylase,ACC)和脂肪酸合成酶基因(fatty acid synthetase,FAS)表达显著(P＜0.05)或极显著(P＜0.01)下调;参与脂肪酸分解代谢的过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α基因(peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor α,PPARα)和肉毒碱棕榈酰转移酶-1基因(carnitine palmitoyltransterase-1,CPT-1)表达显著上调(P＜0.05).高精料饲喂导致奶牛肝脏脂肪酸合成代谢减弱而分解代谢增强,肝脏内乳脂前体物发生重分配,乳脂前体物输出减少,影响了乳脂合成.本研究揭示了高精料饲喂导致奶牛乳脂率降低的机制,为改善奶牛乳脂率提供了理论基础.