6种芳香植物精油的提取及综合品质评价

[目的]为芳香精油的生产提供理论指导。[方法]分别从蓝桉、猴樟、香叶天竺葵、柠檬草、薄荷和柑橘中提取芳香精油,然后比较其出油率并采用灰色关联度法对6种精油的品质进行综合评价。[结果]蓝桉、猴樟、香叶天竺葵、柠檬草、薄荷和柑橘的平均出油率分别为0．86％、0．33％、0．24％、1．29％、1．27％和1．88％。精油颜色由亮到暗为：猴樟〉薄荷〉蓝按〉柠檬草〉香叶天竺葵〉柑橘;香味强弱为：柠檬草〉香叶天竺葵〉猴樟〉蓝桉〉薄荷〉柑橘;香味持久性为：蓝桉〉柑橘〉香叶天竺葵〉柠檬草〉猴樟〉薄荷;透明度为：猴樟〉薄荷〉柠檬草〉香叶天竺葵〉蓝桉〉柑橘;香味好感度为：柠檬草〉猴樟〉香叶天竺葵〉薄荷〉柑橘〉蓝桉。综合评价值最高的是柠檬草精油。[结论]该试验建立了精油品质的综合评价体系。     

红花籽油提取工艺的优化研究

采用索氏浸提法对红花籽油的提取优化工艺进行了研究。在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交实验确定了红花籽油提取的最佳工艺,同时对红花籽油的脂肪酸成分进行分析,为红花籽油的工业化生产提供科学的理论依据。结果表明:70%的丙酮-水混合溶液以1∶6的料液比,在70℃的温度下浸提3 h,红花籽油的提取率达26.34%。气相色谱分析表明,红花籽油中饱和脂肪酸占19.67%、不饱和脂肪酸占80.33%。     

胡麻产量构成相关性状的通径分析

通过调查测定胡麻13个品系的单株产量及与其相关的主要农艺性状——株高（x1）、工艺长度（X2）、分茎数（X3）、分枝数（X4）、单株果球数（X5）、每果粒数（X6）及单株粒重（Y）7个性状,应用逐个选入自变数的回归方法,得到13个最优多元线形回归方程,再对入选的几个主要性状进行通径分析,明确了提高胡麻单株产量．首先要具有一定的单株果球数、株高和每果粒数。其次,不同的品系对单株粒重起关键作用的性状不同。     

不同栽培密度对大豆产量、脂肪和蛋白质含量的影响

通过以蒙豆12号、蒙豆14号为材料,进行不同密度栽培试验,调查分析不同栽培密度下大豆的产量性状、脂肪和蛋白质的含量。分析结果表明,蒙豆12号、蒙豆14号在37.5万株/hm2的栽培密度下,主要农艺和产量性状均明显优于其他两种栽培密度。不同栽培密度下,大豆脂肪和蛋白质的含量差异不显著。     

The development and comparison of bio-thermoset plastics from epoxidized plant oils

This study investigates the development of thermoset plastics from plant-based oils (e.g., linseed, soybean, cottonseed, oilseed radish, and peanut oils) using an optimal process of solvent-free epoxidation. The epoxidation of plant oils can be accomplished economically by reacting the double bonds of fatty-acids with hydrogen peroxide. During the solvent-free process catalyzed by the ion-exchange resin, we observed that the influence of several variables was important: the molar ratio of hydrogen peroxide to unsaturation, acetic acid to unsaturation, and temperature. The epoxidation of plant oils was determined from the liquid mixture and the composite matrix by thermal and spectroscopic analyses. Compounds with a higher double-bond (iodine) value showed higher oxirane oxygen percent and selectivity, and a higher hydroxyl value because of a greater possibility of attack by solutions causing side reactions. Lower iodine values indicated fewer epoxy groups and selectivity, and a lower hydroxyl value. Benzyl pyrazinium hexafluoroantimonate (BPH) yielded good thermal curing properties; as little as 1% added to the plastics produced light-weight composites. Epoxidized linseed oil promises the highest modulus and impact resistance due to the largest number of double bonds to contribute more epoxy groups and the large proportion of linolenic acids to produce epoxy groups rapidly.     

不同树龄油棕光合特性及影响因子研究

利用LCi-ADC便携武光合仪对2年生和4年生油棕的光合特性的日变化及环境影响因子进行了研究.结果表明,不同树龄光合速率、蒸腾速率、叶片水分利用率、气孔导度的日进程表现为双峰型日变化,4年生油棕净光合速率、叶片水分利用率、气孔导度总体高于2年生的,但蒸腾速率却低于2年生.但不同树龄胞间CO2浓度日变化差异不大.油棕叶片光合速率与蒸腾速率、叶片水分利用率、气孔导度呈正相关,与胞间C02浓度呈负相关.光合有效辐射、样本室CO2浓度变化和叶片温度对光合速率有重要影响,空气湿度和叶片温度是影响蒸腾速率的主要因子.光合有效辐射、空气温度、叶片温度是影响叶片水分利用效率的重要环境因子.空气温度和空气湿度、样本室水蒸汽压分别是影响气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度的重要影响因素.     

青岛地区国外油葵杂交种夏播比较试验

以澳大利亚油葵杂交种S31为对照,种植观察引自西班牙、印度的9个油葵杂交种的生育期、田间生育性状、产量及葵花籽性状。结果表明,引自印度的Surx Kiran与Surga Kiran具有较高的葵花籽与籽仁产量,并且具有较好的田间表现与较短的生育期,因而可以在青岛地区夏播条件下进一步示范种植。     

海洋石油污染物微生物降解的研究

[目的]探讨微生物降解海洋石油污染物的最佳条件。[方法]选择大庆原油为降解底物,以分离的优势石油降解菌为研究对象,首先通过单因素试验研究了初始盐度、pH和营养盐等因素对菌株SY1和SY2降解石油的影响,然后通过正交试验确定最佳降解条件。[结果]单因素试验表明,初始pH和氮源浓度对菌株降解石油的影响较显著,同时添加氮、磷营养盐能取得更好的降解效果。正交试验表明,菌株SY1在最优组合下石油降解率达59.0%,主要影响因素是磷浓度;菌株SY2在最优组合下石油降解率为57.4%,主要影响因素是盐度和pH。[结论]该研究为菌株对石油降解性能的研究提供了理论参考。     

油葵组织培养及植株再生体系研究

[目的]研究油葵组织培养与植株再生技术。[方法]以油葵的茎尖分生区组织为外植体,探讨不同浓度的IAA、6-BA和AgNO3对不定芽诱导与分化的影响。同时,对生根培养基及炼苗与移栽条件进行优化。[结果]不定芽诱导及分化培养基为MS＋0.03 mg/L IAA＋1.6 mg/L 6-BA＋6 mg/L AgNO3,诱导率可达76.7%,增殖系数可达4~5;不定芽转入生根培养基1/2 MS＋0.3 mg/L NAA,生根率达100%,且须根较多。幼苗经炼苗和移栽后,成活率可达90%。[结论]建立了油葵的组织培养与植株再生体系。     

Seeding date influence on camelina seed yield, yield components, and oil content in Chile

Camelina (Camelina sativa L.) was introduced for the first time in Chile in 2008 as a potential feedstock for biodiesel and also as high omega-3-containing seed oil for the salmon feed industry. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum seeding date to maximize camelina seed yield in South Central Chile. The experiment was conducted under dryland conditions in Chillán, El Carmen, Los Angeles, Gorbea, and Osorno in 2008 and in Chillán and Los Angeles in 2009. The experimental design was a RCB with a split-plot arrangement with four replicates, where the main plot was the seeding date (five dates) and the sub-plot the spring type cultivars (Gold of Pleasure, Suneson, and Blaine Creek). Seeding dates at each environment were targeted to 30 April, 15 May, 30 May, 30 June, and 30 July of 2008 and 2009. The combined analysis of variance indicated no cultivar main effect or interactions with cultivar. The date by environment interaction was significant for seed yield. There were no seed yield differences among seeding dates in Chillán and El Carmen. The first three seeding dates were the highest yielding in Los Angeles and Osorno, and only the first seeding date was significantly higher in seed yield in Gorbea. Highest seed yield at Los Angeles, Gorbea, and Osorno were 1995, 1310, and 2314 kg ha⁻¹. Seed oil content was not different among seeding dates in Chillán and El Carmen. Highest seed oil content occurred at Osorno and Gorbea on the first three seeding dates and ranged from 420 to 457 g kg⁻¹. Spring camelina cultivars are well adapted to South Central Chile as a winter annual crop when seeded before 15 May except in Osorno when seeded before 30 May. No disease or insectpests were observed except for Aster Yellow infestation at Chillán and Los Angeles. Camelina has great potential as an oilseed for biodiesel and as a source of omega-3 for the pharmaceutical industry but markets for it need to be developed locally for camelina to become an option for growers.