外源氯化钙对低温胁迫下胡椒抗寒生理指标的影响

以中国胡椒主栽品种‘热引1号’胡椒为材料,设置4个不同浓度氯化钙（7、14、21、28 mmol/L）处理,以去离子水为对照,低温胁迫4 d（10 ℃/5 ℃,12 h/12 h）,恢复培养6 d（28 ℃/20 ℃,12 h/12 h）,观察表型并测定各处理的光合参数、抗氧化酶活性及渗透性物质含量变化情况。结果表明：7 mmol/L氯化钙处理胡椒可以改善寒害表型,随氯化钙浓度升高寒害表型逐渐加重;外施7 mmol/L氯化钙能够显著改善胡椒的净光合速率,随氯化钙浓度升高,净光合速率越来越低,氯化钙浓度过高时（达到28 mmol/L）净光合速率低于CK;与CK相比,外施7 mmol/L氯化钙能够显著提高抗氧化酶活性、增加可溶性糖含量、降低丙二醛含量。随处理浓度升高,抗氧化酶活性和可溶性糖含量越来越低,丙二醛含量越来越高。本研究结果为胡椒生产上抗寒技术指导和抗寒分子育种提供了参考。     

饥饿情况下蠋蝽种内互残行为发生时期及影响

为明确饥饿情况下蠋蝽种内残杀行为的发生时期和影响因素,指导蠋蝽规模化繁育和释放,本文研究了不同发育时期和密度下的蠋蝽种内残杀行为。研究发现：蠋蝽对卵粒的种内互残行为主要发生在饥饿24 h以内,雌性蠋蝽对卵粒的取食行为显著强于雄性蠋蝽,取食比例是雄性的2.80～3.25倍、取食量是雄性的18.75～21.20倍,雌性取食下的卵粒羽化率为70.66%,显著低于雄性和对照的86.59%和87.88%。发育时期和饲养密度均显著影响蠋蝽的种内残杀行为,主要发生在饥饿后的19.63～36.00 h,并且1、2、3龄若虫没有表现出种内残杀行为,4龄以后种内残杀行为显著;低密度下蠋蝽种内互残行为不显著,但高密度会增强种内互残行为,且随密度的增加,种内互残行为显著增强。     

Clostridium bifermentans and C. subterminale are associated with kiwifruit vine decline,known as moria,in Italy

Since 2012, a new pathogenic syndrome has frequently been observed in many areas of kiwifruit cultivation in Italy. The main symptoms include an initial withering of the leaves followed by a total and sudden collapse of plants, mainly occurring during summer. The withered leaves fall and the main and secondary feeder roots appear rotten, sometimes showing a reddish-brown discoloration. The disease, that affects both the green and yellow-fleshed cultivars, has been called kiwifruit vine decline and is locally known as moria. The syndrome has been found consistently associated with soil waterlogging, which frequently occurs either after the traditional agronomical practice of irrigating orchards through surface irrigation or after very heavy rainfall. So far, the role played by bacteria in this syndrome has not been investigated. In the present study, Clostridium spp. were isolated from both rotten roots and soils obtained from Italian kiwifruit orchards affected by the syndrome, indicating for the first time that anaerobic bacteria are able to cause damage to woody crops. C. bifermentans and C. subterminale incited symptoms in kiwifruit in both in vivo and in vitro pathogenicity tests. Soil waterlogging seems to potentially favour colonization of kiwifruit roots by anaerobic bacteria, probably because saturation of the soil can facilitate proliferation and persistence of these bacteria during long periods of the vegetative growth of the crop. The occurrence of anaerobic bacteria does not exclude the possibility that other microorganisms can play additional/synergic role(s) in causing the kiwifruit vine decline.     

混合盐胁迫对马蔺幼苗根系构型及生长量的影响

为探讨不同种类盐胁迫对马蔺幼苗生长状况的影响,采用室内培养的方法,研究总质量浓度为0.3%的NaCl、NaHCO₃单盐溶液及其不同配比的混合盐溶液胁迫对马蔺(Iris lactea var. chinensis)幼苗生长量、地上部干鲜重比值、地下部干鲜重比值以及根系构型的影响。结果表明,随着胁迫时间的延长,0.3%NaCl溶液对叶数和株高增长量的影响最小,其次为3种混合盐溶液,各处理在第14天时株高增幅达到最大。经0.3%NaHCO₃处理后的幼苗地上部干鲜重的比值为空白对照的2.17倍,地下部干鲜重则为空白对照的56.61%,随着混合溶液中NaHCO₃浓度的上升,地上部干鲜重比值表现出上升的趋势,地下部干鲜重比值则表现出下降的趋势。经35天处理后,0.3%NaHCO₃胁迫的马蔺幼苗根系总长、根系表面积较对照均显著下降,降幅分别为39.73%、26.08%,而各处理间的根系体积却无显著差异。研究结果显示,0.3%NaHCO₃溶液对马蔺幼苗的胁迫作用最强,2种单盐对根系的胁迫作用强于混合盐胁迫,而0.3%NaCl溶液对生长量的胁迫作用最弱。     

氮磷钾钙配施对望天树幼苗生长及生理特性的影响

探讨不同N、P、K、Ca配施处理对望天树幼苗生长及生理特性的影响,并根据其生长及生理表现筛选适宜的配施处理,旨在为望天树壮苗培育提供参考依据。以1年生望天树幼苗为试验材料,采用L16(4⁴)正交试验设计方法。结果表明,不同配施处理对望天树幼苗生长及生理指标影响达到极显著差异水平（P<0.01）,生长表现最优处理是N₂P₂K₄Ca₁和N₃P₄K₂Ca₁,生理指标表现最优处理是N₃P₂K₁Ca₂和N₃P₄K₂Ca₁。相关性分析表明望天树苗高与叶片叶绿素、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量等生理指标呈极显著正相关,与丙二醛含量呈极显著负相关,地径仅与叶绿素含量呈显著正相关关系。处理7(100 mg N+20 mg P+80 mg K)、处理12（200 mg N+40 mg P+20 mg K）对望天树幼苗生长的促进作用最大,处理11（200 mg N+20 mg P+50 mg Ca）和处理12（200 mg N+40 mg P+20 mg K）配施下生理特性指标表现最好;N是望天树幼苗生长的必须因子,P和K对促进苗木地径生长作用显著,适量Ca有助于提高望天树幼苗生理活性,超过100 mg则导致生理胁迫。     

不同处理对柴胡种子萌发的影响

为研究不同发芽床和清水浸种时间对柴胡种子萌发的影响,以种子萌发启动日、发芽率、发芽势、发芽指标、霉烂率为测量指标,20℃恒温自然光照培养箱中开展了柴胡种子发芽试验。结果表明,不同发芽床基质处理对柴胡种子萌发的影响有显著性差异,其中以纱布处理柴胡种子的各项测量指标均显著高于其他处理;清水浸种不仅能够促使柴胡种子提早萌发,而且能够提高柴胡种子发芽率,浸种12 h柴胡种子的发芽率及发芽势最高,分别可达67.67%±3.21%和56.00%±9.54%,与未浸泡对照相比提高了约35、34个百分点。说明柴胡种子用清水浸种预处理12 h,以纱布为发芽床,在20℃恒温条件下培养,可有效提高柴胡种子萌发率,促进种子提早萌发,实际生产中可以用清水浸种后再进行播种。     

水仙营养液栽培试验初报

水仙营养液栽培与清水栽培对比试验结果表明,生产上可以通过营养液对水仙的生长和发育进行调控,达到叶壮、根系完好、花穗分化率高、小花数量多、花朵大和花期长等效果。     

Study on HPLC method to determine contents of Schisandrin A and Schisandrin B in Schisandra chinensis extraction

The determination method of Schisandrin A and Schisandrin B in Schisandra chinensis was improved with the high performance liquid chromagraphy(HPLC).The sample was extracted exceedingly in the critical limit of CO 2 .The retention time of Schisandrin A and Schisandrin B was reduced,with methano/water(75:25)as mobile phase.The wavelength for detection was 254 nm. The R2 of standard curve was 0.9998 and the relative standard deviation was 2.31%and 3.17%with the recovery of 96.45%and 97.37%,respectively.The result shows that the rate of veracity of this method is higher and it proves that the determination method of Schisandrin A and Schisandrin B in Schisandra chinensis is a feasible method.     

白蜡树属树种的园林应用探讨

目前对城市环境的要求越来越高,而提高环境质量的诸因素中,搞好园林绿化是最直接最有效的措施。构成园林绿化的主要材料是园林植物,其主体是树木。作为1个城市,当然是园林树木品种越多,越能构成丰富多彩的园林空间。但是由于地域、气候、科技、经济与自然因素和人为因素的制约,园林树木品种的利用也受到了限制。园林树种的选择不仅要适合本土生长,还要形成地方特色和风格。     

大庆市碱草草原土壤呼吸的日变化研究

采用碱液吸收法对大庆市碱草草原土壤呼吸速率进行了测定.测定结果表明:土壤呼吸的一天中变化比较明显,呈现双峰型曲线.自然状态下碱草草原土壤呼吸速率的年平均值为401.40 mg·m-2·h-1.