油茶象甲成虫对油茶寄主选择性研究

为研究油茶象甲对油茶寄主的选择性趋性,为中国油茶抗虫品种选育提供基础数据。应用野外调查和室内测定相结合的方法,室内测定又分为强迫性和选择性取食、产卵以及嗅觉反应测定的方法,测定油茶象甲成虫对不同油茶树种、品系的取食和产卵选择性。结果发现：油茶象甲对油茶2个树种、3个品系均能造成危害,导致采果前落果的主要原因是由于该虫为害所致;6月份,该虫对其他1个树种、3个品系的取食、产卵趋性均大于广宁红花油茶;该虫在油茶叶片上不产卵,当果皮厚度大于其能蛀入最大值时不产卵;雌成虫出土初期对油茶嫩芽的趋性大于果实和成叶,交配产卵期对油茶果实的趋性大于嫩芽和成叶。     

茶园低碳管理方式对结网型蜘蛛群落结构影响

为有效利用茶园天敌控制病虫害,对茶园不同生产管理方式中的结网型蜘蛛进行调查,分析其群落的种类、组成和多样性。结果表明：结网型蜘蛛共采集到16科40种,多刺新园蛛(Neoscona polyspinipes)为优势种;低碳管理茶园(DT)与常规管理茶园(CG)间结网型蜘蛛群落组成存在明显差异,DT比CG的种类和个体数分别高出2.33倍和0.67倍。此外,多样性指数中,DT与CG差异明显,夏秋和冬春茶期间DT比CG分别增加1.39倍和1.05倍;DT均匀性指数数值较大,而CG优势度指数数值较大。主成分分析表明,DT明显向多刺新园蛛、雪银斑蛛(Argyrodes argentatus)、草间钻头蛛(Itatsina praticola)、卡氏盖蛛(Neriene cavaleriei)和温室希蛛(Achaearanea tepidariorum)等结网型蜘蛛群落数量分布较多的方向偏移。由此可知,茶园实行低碳管理,生境结构植物丰富,人为干扰少,有利于保护结网型蜘蛛种类多样性。     

Lichen community change in response to succession in aspen forests of the southern Rocky Mountains

In western North America, quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) is the most common hardwood in montane landscapes. Fire suppression, grazing and wildlife management practices, and climate patterns of the past century are all potential threats to aspen coverage in this region. If aspen-dependent species are losing habitat, this raises concerns about their long-term viability. Though lichens have a rich history as air pollution indicators, we believe that they may also be useful as a metric of community diversity associated with habitat change. We established 47 plots in the Bear River Range of northern Utah and southern Idaho to evaluate the effects of forest succession on epiphytic macrolichen communities. Plots were located in a narrow elevational belt (2134–2438 m) to minimize the known covariant effects of elevation and moisture on lichen communities. Results show increasing total lichen diversity and a decrease in aspen-dependent species as aspen forests succeed to conifer cover types. The interactive roles of stand aspect, basal area and cover of dominant trees, stand age, aspen bark scars, and recent tree damage were examined as related to these trends. We developed an aspen index score based on lichens showing an affinity for aspen habitat (Phaeophyscia nigricans, Physcia tenella, Xanthomendoza fulva, Xanthomendoza galericulata) and found a significant negative relationship between the index and successional progression. Indicator species analysis showed the importance of all stages of aspen-conifer succession for lichen community diversity and highlighted the decline of aspen-dependent species with advancing succession. We present a landscape-level community analysis of lichens in the context of a conceptual model for aspen succession for the southern Rocky Mountains. We conclude that while total number of lichen species increases with succession, aspen-dependent species cover and richness will decline. In this way, epiphytic lichens communities may constitute an effective indicator of community-level diversity in for aspen-dependent species at-large.     

望天树林次生演替趋势初探

针对云南省原始望天树林遭受不同程度毁坏的状况，以轮耕撂荒后，人为影响少，自然恢复起来的望天树次生林作为研究对象，从不同坡向（阳、阴坡）及时间系列的角度分析了望天树次生林树种种类的更替以及层次结构的变化趋势，以此研究望天树林的演替过程，为保护和恢复望天树林提供依据。     

广州人居环境景观问题与优化措施探讨

文章选取广州市较有代表性的5个居住小区为研究对象,遵循现代城市景观设计之"人本主义"和结合"顺应自然"的设计理念进行分析,归纳出广州市人居环境景观设计的特点为景观化、主题化、自然化、人性化;并针对设计理念、社会关注、传统文化、自然生态等4个方面存在的主要问题,探讨现代城市人居环境景观设计的优化措施,为创造社会、人、生态良好和谐发展的现代人居环境提供借鉴。     

Drivers of bryophyte diversity allow implications for forest management with a focus on climate change

Understanding the major drivers of diversity in forests is crucial for ecologists, conservationists, and particularly forest managers. In most forested habitats, bryophytes are diverse and important primary producers. Here we report the first study of the relative importance of regional macroclimate as compared to local variables on abundance, species richness, and community composition of bryophytes growing in soil and in dead wood in a mountain temperate forest. Using PCA axes, we built predictor sets for macroclimate, microclimate, soil attributes, and dead wood availability. The explanatory power of each set was tested using variance partitioning. Abundance and species richness of soil bryophytes was best explained by microclimate, whereas the community composition did not distinctively differ between the environmental sets. In contrast, dead wood bryophyte abundance, species richness, and community composition was clearly driven by macroclimate. Among the single axes, the component represented best by soil moisture was the main driver for soil bryophyte abundance. In contrast, dead wood bryophyte abundance was mostly affected by components correlated with minimum global radiation and minimum temperatures as well as by the component represented by dead wood. The component represented by canopy openness was superior in explaining the community composition of both soil and dead wood bryophytes. We conclude that (1) dead wood amounts should be increased in closed stands to act as a buffer during climate changes, and (2) open canopy, which provides important habitats for soil-inhabiting bryophytes, should be provided by management with slow reforestation after natural or logging openings.     

论深圳社区公园的现状及发展

文章通过对深圳几个社区公园的分析,简述深圳社区公园的现状及发展。社区公园靠近市民,设计合理的社区公园对人们的身心健康起到了极其重要的作用。通过比较社区公园与口袋公园的相似之处,分析国外口袋公园理论与实践的发展,阐述国外口袋公园的理论与实践在我国大城市社区公园建设中的借鉴意义。     

猕猴桃早结丰产栽培技术

对浙江省武义县1992～1994年种植的“布鲁诺”猕猴桃,经过作者多年的实践与观察,采用合理施肥、整形修剪、授粉疏果、果园覆盖和病虫害综合防治等措施后,达到1年定植、2年成形、3年投产、4年丰产的效果。     

秦岭北坡华中五味子繁殖技术研究

华中五味子果实是与北五味子齐名的中药材,鲜果又是独特的保健水果。通过4年研究,掌握了有性繁殖技术,出苗率可达92.4%以上,嫁接成活率95%以上。     

村社林业活动与自然保护区森林资源管理

村社林业是指在一个具体的村社或农村生态系统内 ,以农户为主题 ,旨在解决农户自身生存和发展所需的林业活动 ,是林业发展的重要组成部分。高黎贡山东坡百花岭村农户在社区与保护方面做了有益的尝试 ,多形式、多内容的林业经营管理活动促进了社区林业的发展与自然保护区森林资源和生物多样性保护 ,为周围村社提供了有益的经验。文中以高黎贡山东坡百花岭村所开展的各项村社林业活动为例 ,叙述了农村社区林业活动的公众参与对高黎贡山森林资源的有效管理与周围农村经济持续发展的作用和意义