Note:Syringopais temperatella Lederer, 1855 and its parasitoids in wheat and barley fields in the southeast Anatolian region of Turkey

Larvae of the cereal leaf minerSyringopais temperatella Led. (Lep.: Scythridae) collected from wheat and barley fields in the southeast Anatolian region of Turkey during 2005–2006, and their parasitization rates, were determined in the laboratory,Bracon (Habrobracon) stabilis Wesmael andApanteles sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) were identified as its parasitoids for the first time.     

鳞翅目昆虫血细胞鉴定与分离纯化的几种方法

昆虫的细胞免疫包括吞噬作用和包囊作用,要分析哪些血细胞参与其中的作用,就必须能准确鉴定血细胞的种类并将其予以分离、纯化。本文就鳞翅目Lepidoptera昆虫血细胞的鉴定与分离纯化的几种方法进行了简单的介绍。     

江西灯蛾科昆虫名录

本文报道江西灯蛾科昆虫种类,共计158种,分隶3亚科、59属,其中2种江西新记录,并将每种的分布及寄主分别进行记述。     

A review of the pest management situation in mango agroecosystems

Integrated pest management programs for mango must be based on sampling and on economic thresholds, and must take into account the effects of cultural practices, horticultural sprays and disease control on pest and natural enemy interactions. An analysis of the mass of information available on the different mango pests,viz., fruit flies(Bactrocera sp.,Ceratitis sp.,Anastrepha sp.), mango seed weevil(Sternochetus mangiferae), thrips(Frankliniella spp.), gall midges(Procontarinia sp.), scales, mites and mealybugs is given, as well as different examples for future entomological research.     

Antifeedant activity of fruit and seed extracts ofMelia azedarach andazadirachta indica on larvae ofSesamia nonagrioides

Methanolic extracts of seeds and fruits of the chinaberry tree,Melia azedarach L. (Meliaceae), showed strong antifeedant activity against 2nd instar larvae ofSesamia nonagrioides Lefèbvre (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a very serious pest of maize(Zea mays L.) in Mediterranean countries. Extracts were applied in an artificial diet at concentrations of 1000 and 2000 ppm. The parameters used to evaluate the activity were larval growth rates; quantity of food ingested; phagodepression/phagostimulation index; quantity of frass produced; quantity of material ingested; duration of larval development; and cumulative mortality. Seed extract showed high bioactivity at both doses, while fruit extract proved to be less active, and only at the higher dose used (2000 ppm) did it display a slight antifeedant activity. The activity of theM. azedarach seed extract at the higher dose (2000 ppm) was comparable to that of pure azadirachtin applied at a dose of 1.25 ppm, or to ‘Mubel’, a commercial extract ofAzadirachta indica A. Juss. (Meliaceae), applied at a dose of 75 ppm.     

平纹古毒蛾的生物学及防治研究

平纹古毒蛾Ｏｒｇｙｉａ ｐａｒａｌｌｅｌａ Ｇａｅｄｅ在四川省南充市生态环境中，年发生５代，以卵越冬。雄虫为４个龄期，雌虫为５个龄期。雌成虫无翅，仅产卵块１个，雄成虫具翅两对，趋光性弱。两性生殖。卵量各代平均为１８９．３２粒，第一代最高为３４７．７８粒，各代孵化率平均为９０．４７％，捕食性天敌对该虫控制效果显著，彻底清除越冬卵，生长季节加强监测，人工修剪或喷药挑治１，２龄虫团，保护鸟类及马蜂等捕食     

Synthesis and insecticidal activities of novel oxime ether pyrethroids

A series of novel 2-methylthio-3'/4'-substituted acetophenone oxime O-ethers were synthesized by the reaction of the corresponding acetophenone oximes with halides of pyrethroid alcohols in the presence of sodium hydroxide and phase-transfer catalysis or with triethyl quaternary ammonium salts of halides of pyrethroid alcohols in the presence of sodium hydroxide. These compounds showed notable insecticidal activity against Homopteran and Lepidopteran pests. 2-Methylthio-4'-fluoroacetophenone oxime O-[(2-methylbiphenyl-3-yl)methyl] ether was more effective than the commercial insecticides chlorfenapyr and fenvalerate.     

线粒体DNA在鳞翅目昆虫系统学研究中的应用

线粒体DNA具有母性遗传与进化速率快等特点,已作为理想的分子标记广泛应用于昆虫的分类学、群体遗传学、系统发育和分子进化等研究。本文介绍了鳞翅目昆虫线粒体基因组的特征,对线粒体DNA应用于鳞翅目昆虫系统发生和分子进化等方面的研究进行了综述,并总结了线粒体基因或区段在鳞翅目昆虫不同分类阶元的适用性。     

A high temperature/low oxygen pulse improves cold storage disinfestation

Short periods of elevated temperature under controlled atmospheres (CA) effectively control insect pests. Cold treatment is also an effective non-chemical disinfestation process. If synergistic effects can be found by combining treatments, these may provide opportunities for cost reduction. Tests were performed to evaluate the tolerance of Packham's Triumph pears (Pyrus communis L.) to a range of temperatures (30–40 °C) combined with low oxygen (O₂ < 1 kPa). Treatment duration was 16–48 h and was followed by 1 month storage at 0 °C under air. When held at 30 °C, pears withstood up to 30 h of hypoxia. After cold storage, pears ripened slightly faster than controls but were undamaged. A temperature of 35 °C induced slight skin browning, and 40 °C resulted in substantial skin blackening. Some treatments were also tested on survival of lightbrown apple moth (LBAM), Epiphyas postvittana (Walker). All developmental stages were subjected to either 16 h at 30 °C, or 16 h under hypoxia, or 1 month at 0 °C, or a combination of the three treatments. With all treatments combined, all eggs, larvae and adults were killed. Only 4% of the pupae produced adults and combined treatments led to an increase in pupa mortality of 38%. A combined treatment (tolerated by pears) consisting of 30 h at 30 °C under low O₂ plus 1 month cold storage under air, killed 100% of LBAM pupae, and 100% of 5th instar larvae of both codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), and oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck). Implementation of such treatments would not require substantial investments for fruit industries equipped with CA storage facilities.     

Mating disruption of the pink bollworm<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Pectinophora gossypiella</Emphasis> (Saund.) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) using gossyplure PB-rope dispensers in cotton fields

The effects of mating disruption on population densities and percentage of damage of the pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) were investigated in a cotton field in central Greece, in 1992 and 1993. A 10-ha field was divided in two parts of 5 ha each. PB-rope dispensers were installed in mid-season in one part, whereas the other was used as a control field. Catches of pink bollworm moths in pheromone-baited traps and damage caused were recorded in both the treated and control fields. Results showed that moth catches were highly reduced in the treated field and, therefore, mid-season installation of dispensers was successful. Damage (%) was significantly less in the treated compared with the control field. Consequently, the field size of 5 ha seems to be adequate for the effective implementation of mating disruption.