板材三维曲面的无模多点闭环成形技术

基于具有并行调形功能的多点快速曲面造型系统和自主开发的激光扫描测量机,提出了三维板类件多点闭环精确造型的概念,并应用PID控制算法进行了多点闭环成形实验,得到了符合设计要求的工件形状。讨论了三维板类件多点成形逆向工程的实现问题。     

用激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱研究小麦籽粒元素的共分布

增加粮食可食用部分微量营养元素的浓度, 需要更好地了解其在植株, 特别是籽粒内的运输和分布规律。激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, LA-ICP-MS)是一种测定植物组织中元素空间分布的新技术。采用该技术对成熟小麦籽粒中锰(Mn)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)和磷(P)的空间分布及其关联程度定量研究。结果表明, 所测元素在籽粒不同部位的浓度分布差异很大。Cu、Zn和P浓度均以糊粉层最高, 胚乳最低, 胚居中, 浓度最大差异分别达15、42和33倍; Mn浓度则以胚最高, 胚乳最低, 糊粉层居中, 浓度最大差异达9倍。籽粒同一部位不同位置的元素浓度亦不相同, 外周胚乳(靠近糊粉层)的元素浓度大于内侧胚乳部位对应元素的浓度, 胚最外侧盾片部位的元素浓度大于胚中间位置的元素浓度, 且各元素趋势一致。比较分析发现, 麦粒不同部位元素的浓度变化存在明显的同步性, 籽粒中P浓度高的部位金属元素(Mn、Cu和Zn)浓度也高。这说明不同元素在向籽粒不同部位运输和积累过程中可能存在密切关联性。     

激光照射对丹参愈伤组织中丹参酮ⅡA含量的影响

[目的]探索激光照射丹参（Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae）愈伤组织对丹参酮ⅡA含量积累的影响。[方法]以不同强度的激光分不同的时间,对丹参愈伤组织进行照射,后将丹参愈伤组织置于培养室中培养60d,采用HPLC法检测各处理中丹参酮ⅡA的含量,将处理组与对照组进行比较。[结果]各处理组与对照组中丹参酮ⅡA含量没有明显差异。[结论]激光照射对丹参愈伤组织中丹参酮ⅡA含量的积累没有明显促进作用。     

A study of laser treatment on polyester substrates

In this paper, modifications of textile properties of polyester due to laser irradiation were studied. Properties included fibre weight and diameter, tensile strength and elongation, yarn abrasion, bending, surface luster, wetting, air permeability as well as crystallinity. Some properties were affected significantly while others were found unchanged. Besides, some properties were positively affected and some were adversely changed. Generally speaking, laser irradiation could not affect the bulk property of polymer due to its low penetration depth, and hence, the effect of the laser irradiation on the bulk and structural properties was limited. However, the performance and comfort properties of the laser irradiated polyester could be largely affected by laser irradiation as these properties could have been changed considerably if the surface was modified.     

曲轴激光喷丸强化数值仿真

采用数值仿真的方法,研究了激光冲击强化对175A型柴油机曲轴疲劳寿命的影响,取得了数值仿真条件下曲轴过渡圆角处残余应力场的数据,数值仿真结果和实验结果的对比分析表明:数值仿真结果和实验结果较为接近,从而验证所采用的材料本构模型、冲击波峰值压力和冲击波作用时间是精确的.通过此类激光冲击强化仿真分析,可优化激光冲击的相关参数,使曲轴过渡圆角产生有利的残余应力场,从而为激光冲击强化曲轴提供优化的工艺参数.     

混联机床并联轴定位精度的激光测量与误差补偿

在分析混联机床并联轴定位精度的激光干涉测量原理和方法的基础上,采用干涉法检测了并联轴Z向的定位精度和重复定位精度,做出了并联轴的平均偏差特性曲线,获得了其线性位移定位误差数学模型;利用最小二乘法得到了混联机床并联轴定位误差补偿模型和增量补偿特性曲线;推导了并联机构动平台位姿和各驱动杆杆长的求解过程,进而对混联机床并联轴定位精度进行了有效补偿,得到了一种并联轴定位精度激光干涉测量方法和误差补偿模型的建立方法.     

Effect of endosperm starch granule size distribution on milling yield in hard wheat

Increased flour yield in hard wheat is associated with increased endosperm rheology index, calculated from strength and stiffness as measured by the SKCS. A study of the fractured endosperm of hard wheat varieties grouped according to similar rheology index values was performed using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). Differing microstructures and fracture patterns were observed between each group. Specifically, the group representing high rheology index had a greater concentration of small starch granules in prismatic cells. Samples of diverse wheat germplasm were grown at two sites and subjected to laboratory milling. Starch granule size distribution (SGSD) analysis using a laser diffraction method was undertaken on a subset of samples in triplicate representing a range in flour yield. The results supported an hypothesis for a significant influence of SGSD on flour yield of hard wheat varieties. In addition, a significant part (R²>0.40 (p<0.05) at two sites) of the association appeared to be under genetic control. Results indicate a more even gradation of distributions involving an increase in the sample volume % of small granule (types B and C) and decrease in type A granules. This was associated with increased rheology index values and higher flour yield. The ratio of type A:C starch granules accounted for up to 58% (p<0.05) of the variation in flour yield in the samples studied. Thus, rheological parameters measured using a rapid SKCS screening method can be linked to the genetic regulation of SGSD with implications for the improvement of commercial processing performance of hard wheat.     

Improved viscoelastic zein–starch doughs for leavened gluten-free breads: Their rheology and microstructure

Gluten-free bread was prepared from commercial zein (20 g), maize starch (80 g), water (75 g), saccharose, NaCl and dry yeast by mixing above zein's glass transition temperature (T_g) at 40°C. Addition of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC, 2 g) significantly improved quality, and the resulting bread resembled wheat bread having a regular, fine crumb grain, a round top and good aeration (specific volume 3.2 ml/g). In model studies, HPMC stabilized gas bubbles well. Additionally, laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) revealed finer zein strands in the dough when HPMC was present, while dynamic oscillatory tests showed that HPMC rendered gluten-like hydrated zein above its T_g softer (i.e. |G*| was significantly lower). LSCM revealed that cooling below T_g alone did not destroy the zein strands; however, upon mechanical impact below T_g, they shattered into small pieces. When such dough was heated above T_g and then remixed, zein strands did not reform, and this dough lacked resistance in uniaxial extension tests. When within the breadmaking process, dough was cooled below T_g and subsequently reheated, breads had large void spaces under the crust. Likely, expanding gas bubbles broke zein strands below T_g resulting in structural weakness.     

Detection of citrus canker in citrus plants using laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy

Citrus canker is a serious disease caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri bacteria, which infects citrus plants (Citrus spp.) leading to a large economic loss in citrus production worldwide. In Brazil citrus canker control is done by an official eradication campaign, therefore early detection of such disease is important to prevent greater economic losses. However, detection is difficult and so far it has been done by visual inspection of each tree. Suspicious leaves from citrus plants in the field are sent to the laboratory to confirm the infection by laboratory analysis, which is a time consuming. Our goal was to develop a new optical technique to detect and diagnose citrus canker in citrus plants with a portable field spectrometer unit. In this paper, we review two experiments on laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy (LIF) applied to detect citrus canker. We also present new data to show that the length of time a leaf has been detached is an important variable in our studies. Our results show that LIF has the potential to be applied to citrus plants.     

燃油荷电改善雾化的机理与试验研究

燃油荷电改善雾化是在发动机上节能降排的一种新尝试。本文从理论上分析了燃油荷电改善经的基本原理,设计了适当的荷电装置,并在荷电装置的基础上分析了尖端电极电压、燃油流速、桶状电极内径对荷质比的影响。最后在发动机气道试验台上用ＹＳＣ－１型运动粒子瞬态激光全息测试仪,拍摄了汽油带电荷雾化和不带电荷雾化时的粒子全息图,结果证明荷电后燃油雾化粒子的粒径变小,且尺寸统一。