Phosphorus-Sorption Characteristics and Phosphorus Buffer Coefficients of Some Important Soils in Lao PDR

An estimated 97 percent of the soils in Laos are characterized by low phosphorus (P). This characteristic, together with high acidity, constrains food crop production. The P status, sorption, and associated properties were evaluated for fifteen important agricultural soils from the uplands. Soil pH values ranged from 4.5 to 5.9. Soil organic carbon (C) varied from 7.0 to 22.9 g kg^?1. Soil clay varied from 179 to 709 g kg^?1. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) also varied from 4.30 to 32.1 cmol_c kg^?1. Extractable P levels of thirteen of the fifteen soils were P deficient with medium to very high P sorption, indicating substantial fertilizer P requirements. Dithionite and oxalate aluminum and iron predicted P sorbed at 0.2 mg P L^?1. The extractable P increase per unit added P, P buffer coefficient (PBC), was low, also indicating high P sorption. Field studies are needed to confirm predictions of P requirements.     

黄河沙坡头连续弯道环流运动与冲淤特性实测数据分析

利用声学多普勒流速剖面仪、回声测深仪等测量仪器,对黄河沙坡头段连续弯道中10个典型断面的流速、水深、河床高程等进行了实测.通过分析各断面流速等值线、平面流场和近几年河床高程的变化情况.结果表明,弯道断面流场的主流分布与河床底部泥沙冲淤分布基本相一致,满足弯道水流的一般规律:凹岸冲刷,凸岸淤积.     

离心泵平衡腔液体压力的计算与验证

针对开平衡孔双密封环叶轮离心泵的平衡腔液体压力计算问题,基于液体通过叶轮平衡孔和后密封环间隙的泄漏量相等,引入了压力系数p和比面积k2个无因特征参数,推导出了平衡腔液体压力计算模型,其关系曲线为p= f (k )的无因次曲线,并给出了待定系数 a、b 的计算方法。在3BA-6泵上,取与计算相同的叶轮平衡孔直径进行了试验验证。结果表明,在泵设计工况下平衡腔液体压力的试验与理论无因次曲线较为一致,验证了平衡腔液体压力计算模型的正确性与可行性。该研究可为开平衡孔双密封环叶轮离心泵轴向力计算提供基础理论。     

楸树品种间水分特征曲线主要参数比较与抗旱性评价

由于自花不孕、旱地造林技术不当等因素导致楸树Catalpa bungei资源急剧下降。利用水分特征曲线测定3个楸树品种（金丝楸,周楸2号,圆基长果楸）的11个水分特征参数,旨在为我国干旱、半干旱地区造林树种选择及进一步开发楸树资源提供理论依据。供试1年生楸树扦插苗分别进行Hoagland营养液 ＋ 120 g·L^－1PEG 6000模拟干旱胁迫处理（Ⅰ）及Hoagland营养液对照处理（Ⅱ）,处理1 d后,取茎段用hammel逐渐升压连续测定法进行测定。结果表明,在饱和含水时的渗透势Ψ_π¹⁰⁰、组织充分膨胀时的压力势Ψ_p100、质外体水V_b、质外体水与共质体水比值V_b/V_f、质外体水相对含量C_AW指标评价上金丝楸抗旱能力最强。利用抗旱性指数公式综合评价楸树品种的抗旱能力为：金丝楸Ⅱ＞周楸2号Ⅱ＞周楸2号Ⅰ＞金丝楸Ⅰ＞圆基长果楸Ⅱ＞圆基长果楸Ⅰ。因此旱地造林宜选用金丝楸,其为较耐旱的类型。表2参23     

皖西地区适于水牛泌乳的牧草筛选试验

在基础日粮相同的基础上,将24头泌乳期、产奶量相近的水牛随机均分3组,探讨禾本科多花黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum.Hercules)、豆科紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa.Eureka)、蓼科鲁梅克斯(Rumex.K-1)3种牧草对其泌乳高峰期生产性能的影响,结果表明,饲喂Rumex.K-1分别比Eureka和Hercules提高了15.76%、13.39%(P＜0.05)的产奶量,6.32%、6.73%(P＜0.01)的乳脂率,以及21.27%、19.15%的4%标准乳;而Eureka与Hercules间差异均不显著(P＞0.05)。故种植Rumex.K-1适合皖西地区农村散养水牛的小区放牧或舍饲补饲。     

武夷山米槠种群数量动态分析

对武夷山自然保护区米槠种群数量动态进行了系统研究.结果表明,武夷山自然保护区米槠种群基本属于进展型或稳定型,幼龄级个体多,中老龄级个体少.不同海拔的种群密度存在差异,其中C种群密度最大;静态生命表显示,种群在Ⅰ、II径级时死亡率较高,随着年龄增加,死亡率逐渐降低,但到了Ⅳ、Ⅴ径级,由于生理衰老死亡率又上升;种群期望寿命在II、Ⅲ、Ⅳ径级较高,随着年龄增加,期望寿命逐渐下降;不同海拔的米槠种群的存活曲线均接近于Deevey Ⅲ型.米槠种群动态是环境因素与生物学特性共同作用的结果,其中大气湿度、光照和土壤有机质等影响较大.在武夷山自然保护区,米槠种群应该以保护为主,适当抚育的措施,促进群落持续发育.     

哺乳母猪钙磷营养研究进展

对20年来哺乳母猪钙磷需要及其相关方面的研究进展作了全面综述.包括哺乳母猪钙磷需要的建立,对钙磷需要的探讨,钙磷的吸收和代谢,钙磷的生物效价,钙磷比例问题,母猪钙磷缺乏症,影响钙磷需要的因素.     

Effects of temperature and wetness duration on conidial infection, latent period and asexual sporulation of Pyrenopeziza brassicae on leaves of oilseed rape

Experiments in controlled environments were carried out to determine the effects of temperature and leaf wetness duration on infection of oilseed rape leaves by conidia of the light leaf spot pathogen, Pyrenopeziza brassicae . Visible spore pustules developed on leaves of cv. Bristol inoculated with P. brassicae conidia at temperatures from 4 to 20°C, but not at 24°C; spore pustules developed when the leaf wetness duration after inoculation was longer than or equal to approximately 6 h at 12–20°C, 10 h at 8°C, 16 h at 6°C or 24 h at 4°C. On leaves of cvs. Capricorn or Cobra, light leaf spot symptoms developed at 8 and 16°C when the leaf wetness duration after inoculation was greater than 3 or 24 h, respectively. The latent period (the time period from inoculation to first spore pustules) of P. brassicae on cv. Bristol was, on average, approximately 10 days at 16°C when leaf wetness duration was 24 h, and increased to approximately 12 days as temperature increased to 20°C and to 26 days as temperature decreased to 4°C. At 8°C, an increase in leaf wetness duration from 10 to 72 h decreased the latent period from approximately 25 to 16 days; at 6°C, an increase in leaf wetness duration from 16 to 72 h decreased the latent period from approximately 23 to 17 days. The numbers of conidia produced were greatest at 12–16°C, and decreased as temperature decreased to 8°C or increased to 20°C. At temperatures from 8 to 20°C, an increase in leaf wetness duration from 6 to 24 h increased the production of conidia. There were linear relationships between the number of conidia produced on a leaf and the proportion of the leaf area covered by 'lesions' (both log₁₀-transformed) at different temperatures.     

Feeding 5-hydroxy-l-tryptophan during the transition from pregnancy to lactation increases calcium mobilization from bone in rats

An increasing demand for calcium during pregnancy and lactation can result in both clinical and subclinical hypocalcemia during the early lactation period in several mammalian species, in particular the dairy cow. Serotonin (5-HT) was recently identified as a regulator of lactation and bone turnover. The purpose of this study was to determine whether supplementation of the maternal diet with a 5-HT precursor would increase maternal bone turnover and calcium mobilization to maintain appropriate circulating maternal concentrations of ionized calcium during lactation. Female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 30) were fed either a control diet (n = 15) or a diet supplemented with the 5-HT precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP, 0.2%; n = 15) from day 13 of pregnancy through day 9 of lactation. Maternal serum and plasma (day 1 and day 9 of lactation), milk and pup weight (daily), mammary gland and bone tissue (day 9 of lactation) were collected for analysis. The 5-HTP diet elevated circulating maternal concentrations of 5-HT on day 1 and day 9 of lactation and parathyroid hormone related-protein (PTHrP) on day 9 of lactation (P < 0.033). In addition, 5-HTP supplementation increased total serum calcium concentrations on day 1 of lactation and total milk calcium concentration on day 9 of lactation (P < 0.032). Supplemental 5-HTP did not alter milk yield, maternal body weight, mammary gland structure, or pup litter weights (P > 0.05). Supplemental 5-HTP also resulted in increased concentrations of mammary 5-HT and PTHrP, as well as increased mRNA expression of rate-limiting enzyme in 5-HT synthesis, tryptophan hydroxylase 1, and Pthrp mRNA on day 9 of lactation (P < 0.028). In addition, supplementation of 5-HTP resulted in increased mRNA expression of maternal mammary calcium transporters and resorption of bone in the femur, indicated by increase osteoclast number and diameter as well as mRNA expression of classical markers of bone resorption on day 9 of lactation (P < 0.048). These results show that increasing 5-HT biosynthesis during the transition from pregnancy to lactation could be a potential therapeutic target to explore for prevention of subclinical and clinical hypocalcemia.