水氮耦合对黑河中游加工番茄产量和品质的影响

试验以加工番茄‘里格尔87-5’为材料,采用二因素随机区组设计,设充分灌溉(CK)、轻度亏缺灌溉和中度亏缺灌溉3个水分梯度,设低氮、中氮、高氮3个氮素水平,探讨土壤水分亏缺的程度和氮素水平对番茄果实产量和品质的影响.结果表明:番茄果实产量为轻度亏水及中氮组合处理下最高,中度亏缺灌溉、施氮量过低或过高都不利于番茄果实产量的形成;中度亏水高氮组合显著提高番茄果实干物质和可溶性固形物含量;中氮水平下轻度和中度亏水处理均能显著提高果实番茄红素和果实抗坏血酸含量.综合认为,最优的水氮配比为轻度亏水中氮水平和中度亏水中氮水平的组合.     

小苹果‘紫香’的选育及主要性状表现等 63 则

小苹果‘紫香’的选育及主要性状表现 小苹果新品种‘紫香’是以‘红海棠’为母本,‘赤阳’为父本人工杂交选育而成。2012年2月通过了黑龙江省农作物品种审定委员会的审定并命名。果实呈短圆锥形,平均果重45 g,最大果重74 g,8月下旬～9月初果实成熟,果实整齐度好,较耐贮藏和运输,丰产性好。可溶性固形物含量12.7%,可溶性糖含量11.94%,抗坏血酸含量37.0 mg/kg,可滴定酸含量0.46%。近4 a区域试验点平均每1 hm2产量25860 kg,比对照品种‘金红’增产6.5%,生产试验点2 a平均每1 hm2产量28510 kg,比对照品种‘金红’增产6.41%。植株抗寒、抗病性强,适应性好,易栽培管理,适宜黑龙江省东南部地区栽培。     

Comparison of Antioxidant Activity and Antioxidant Components in Lettuce,Onion and Tomato Obtained with Different Levels and Forms of Nitrogen Fertilization

The effect of N levels and sources on the antioxidant components in vegetable is not completely understood. Therefore, greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the changes in antioxidant capacity diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） and ferric reducing antioxidant power （FRAP）, total phenolics, ascorbic acid, total carotene and lycopene contents in edible portions of lettuce, onion and tomato due to different nitrogen levels and sources. The experiment included three N levels （20, 40 and 60 kg/ha for lettuce trial and 60, 120 and 180 kg/ha for either onion or tomato） and four nitrogen sources （calcium nitrate, ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate and urea）. The antioxidant capacity and phenolic contents in lettuce was enhanced under low nitrogen level, while the antioxidant capacities, phenolics, carotenoids and lycopene in tomato fruits were not significantly affected by the nitrogen dose applied. Application of calcium nitrate caused 50% increase in DPPH and 20% in FRAP of lettuce compared to other nitrogen forms. Tomato treated with calcium nitrate or ammonium sulphate had higher phenolic and ascorbic acid contents than treated plants with ammonium nitrate or urea. Antioxidant tested parameters of onion were not significantly affected by the nitrogen treatments. Nitrogen concentration in tomato fruits significantly correlated with FRAP antioxidant capacity, phenolics, ascorbic acid, carotene and lycopene contents.     

Near and Mid Infrared Spectroscopy to Detect Malolactic Biotransformation of Oenococcus oeni in a Wine-Model

The aim of this work was to verify the potential of infrared （IR） spectroscopy in near and mid regions to detect the beginning of the malolactic fermentation （MLF） occurring in a model-wine and the further cells autolysis. MLF in wine is a secondary biotransformation due to lactic acid bacteria that usually occurs spontaneou,;ly or after starter inoculation at the end of alcoholic fermentation. Nowadays, it is desirable to supply winemakers with a new rapid and non-destructive approach to monitor MLF progress and 1R spectroscopy technology appears to be suitable for this purpose. The transformation of L-malic acid into L-lactic acid was carried out by inoculating a synthetic wine with an Oenococcus oeni culture and it was monitored through microbiological and chemical methods. At the same time, Fourier transform near infrared （FT-NIR） spectral data, in diffusive transflection mode using an optic probe, and FT-IR spectra, using an germanium crystal attenuated total reflectance （ATR） cell, were collected. Principal component analysis of the spectra was able to identify absorption bands related to the key molecular modifications that took place during the L-malic acid transformation. Thus, the samples were discriminated according to the fermentation phase. Although this study is a preliminary approach, results confirm that near infrared （NIR） and mid infrared （MIR） spectroscopy could be successfully applied to detect the start of MLF and the autolysis of the lactic acid bacteria （LAB） cells.     

Ca^2＋和抗坏血酸对水分胁迫下杉木无性系生理特性的影响

为研究水分胁迫对杉木造成的伤害及外源物质对杉木抗旱性能的影响,采用人工模拟干旱胁迫下添加外源Ca^2＋和AsA的方法,研究渗透胁迫下不同浓度Ca^2＋和AsA对杉木幼苗质膜透性、MDA含量、可溶性糖含量和可溶性蛋白含量的影响。结果表明：水分胁迫严重影响叶片质膜系统的稳定和渗透调节物质的含量,造成杉木叶片质膜透性和MDA含量上升,可溶性糖含量先上升后下降,可溶性蛋白含量先上升再下降后又上升,均与对照达到极显著差异（P＜0.01）;适宜浓度的外源Ca^2＋和AsA可保护质膜系统,抑制质膜透性增加,降低电导率和MDA含量,提高可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量,提高杉木幼苗的抗逆境能力,有效增强杉木的抗旱性。     

C_4二羧酸全生物合成技术的研究现状与展望

富马酸、L-苹果酸和L-天冬氨酸是3种典型的C4二羧酸,目前工业化生产富马酸多采用化学合成法,以石油基富马酸为平台化合物,进一步衍生出L-苹果酸和L-天冬氨酸。依托于石油基工业生产C4二羧酸的工艺不仅带来较多负面问题,同时也限制了3种C4二羧酸在食品、医药等领域的应用。随着生物制造技术的不断发展,开发C4二羧酸全生物合成技术成为历史必然。本文对生物合成富马酸、L-苹果酸和L-天冬氨酸的现状及存在问题进行了综述,并对3种C4二羧酸的全生物合成技术的可行性及发展进行了分析与展望。     

不同花粉对苹果果实中抗坏血酸相关酶活性的影响

采用自育高效授粉树的花粉,在富士、金帅、嘎啦苹果铃铛花期时进行授粉,自授粉后20天的幼果开始间隔20天连续采样,对果实抗坏血酸(AsA)代谢中关键酶抗坏血酸氧化酶(AAO)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)、单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(MDHAR)、L －半乳糖－1,4－内酯脱氢酶(GalLDH)、L －半乳糖脱氢酶( GalDH),以及 AsA含量进行测定。结果表明：苹果果实 AsA 的迅速积累期主要为授粉后40～60天期间,用高效授粉树花粉授粉的果实,在整个生长发育过程中,L －半乳糖内酯脱氢酶的活性均比对照果实有明显的提高,对于 L－半乳糖脱氢酶,虽然该酶在授粉果实内活性较对照果实有所提高,但其在整个生长发育时期活性比较低;对于处理果实,其还原酶 MDHAR和 DHAR的活性提高,而氧化酶 AAO和 APX的活性却较对照果实降低,但总体活性水平差异不显著。AAO,APX,MDHAR,DHAR 4个酶均在果实发育初期存在较高的活性,以后逐渐降低并维持在稳定的水平,后期活性不高。这表明经高效授粉树授粉处理的果实主要是通过提高果实内 AsA 合成酶的活性来提高果实内 AsA的含量。     

高产L-赖氨酸发酵工艺优化研究

<正>在水产饲料领域里L-赖氨酸是重要的饲料添加剂,添加赖氨酸能强化饲料蛋白质的营养价值,大大提高养殖效果,对维持水生动物的正常生长、发育和神经系统的正常机能具有非常重要的作用。饲料中缺乏赖氨酸会造成负氮作用(蛋白质分解并被排出),使饲料中蛋白质不能充分利用,水生动物生长缓慢,还会出现脂肪肝、骨质钙化率降低等症状。本文对影响L-赖氨酸发酵的条件包括接种量、玉米浆添加量、毛     

补充碳酸镁（MgCO3）和L-色氨酸难动物福利和动物胴体及肉质量的影响

本研究对猪行为的记录在试验农场进行。屠宰前5天，对61头不同氟烷基因型（同型氟烷阳性n=34，同型氟烷阴性n=27）的猪喂食3种食谱（控制组：无补充；镁Mg组：补充MgCO3 1．28g／kg；氟烷Trp组：补充L-Trp5g／kg）。猪在临屠宰前处于最小压力的情况。在昏迷时期将两组猪群通过CO2系统，并在昏迷后记录下它们角膜的反应。在5天的饲养中，对两组猪群的营养食谱是相同的，