Pathogenesis of acute and chronic diseases caused by cyprinid herpesvirus‐3

The pathogenesis of cyprinid herpesvirus‐3 (CyHV‐3) was studied using different lineages of carp/koi. After exposure to the virus, infected cells were first found in the skin by histopathology and by in situ hybridization. The epidermis of the skin was most severely damaged and often sloughed off in the fish sampled on days 5 through 8, and the fish that were highly sensitive to the virus died within 8 or 10 days after infection. Serum osmolality of the infected fish, particularly just before death, was significantly lower, suggesting that the osmotic shock consequent on the damage to the skin was the direct cause of the acute deaths. On the other hand, clinical and histopathological observations indicate that the carp of a less sensitive lineage most probably died of viral encephalitis around 3 weeks after infection. For these fish, the largest number of infected cells was found in the central nervous system (CNS) sampled on day 12. A substantial amount of viral genome was found in the CNS of carp surviving more than 1 year after the infection. Thus, the CNS is probably a major target for CyHV‐3, and the virus can persistently infect the CNS, presumably establishing latency.     

锦鲤疱疹病毒双重PCR检测方法的研究

为了快速确诊锦鲤疱疹病毒(koi herpesvirus,KHV),本试验建立了KHV双重PCR检测方法。根据锦鲤疱疹病毒的SphⅠ-5基因和胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷激酶(thymidine kinase,TK)基因设计特异性引物,优化反应条件,建立了KHV双重PCR检测方法。结果表明,建立的方法简单、灵敏、准确,一个反应体系可同时扩增292 bp和410 bp两个基因片段,可有效用于KHV的检测。     

Distribution of the introduced cyprinid herpesvirus 3 in a wild population of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L.

Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3), which causes a lethal disease in common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., and koi, C. carpio koi , first occurred in Lake Biwa, Japan in 2004. To elucidate distribution of CyHV-3 in a wild common carp population, we conducted a PCR survey of CyHV-3 among such fish in Lake Biwa in 2006. Only 6% (1/18) of the common carp smaller than 300 mm were positive with PCR, whereas 31% (18/58) of fish larger than 300 mm were positive. To evaluate their past exposure to CyHV-3 infection based on the presence of antibodies, we also measured the levels of serum anti-CyHV-3 antibodies in the carp, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. None (0/26) of the fish smaller than 300 mm was positive for the antibodies, whereas 54% (33/61) of fish larger than 300 mm were positive. Of the antibody-positive individuals, 44% (14/32) were also positive by PCR strongly suggesting that wild common carp that survived infection become CyHV-3 carriers. Five individuals were positive by PCR but negative for antibodies indicating that their infection with CyHV-3 had occurred recently. These results suggest that transmission of CyHV-3 from carriers to naïve common carp is still occurring in Lake Biwa.     

两种消毒杀菌类药物体外对龟疱疹病毒的灭活检验

用微量板细胞培养法测试了两种水产用的消毒杀菌类药物SB（含40％±2％季胺盐类物质）和SSN（含浓度为100g／L的甲基氯胺类物质）对龟疱疹病毒（THV）的灭活作用,14d后记录THV在龟心细胞株的细胞致病变（CPE）情况（Marschangetal．1997）,结果发现SB和SSN均有体外灭活THV的作用。根据Reed和Muench法计算两种药物的半数保护量（PD50）分别为6．76和3．91。     

Efficacy of koi herpesvirus DNA vaccine administration by immersion method on Cyprinus carpio field scale culture

Koi herpesvirus specifically infects and causes mass mortality on koi and carp, resulting in severe economic losses. In this study, we presented the efficacy of KHV DNA vaccine administration by immersion method on Cyprinus carpio. Two different immersion densities of fish were applied, namely 800 fish L^?1 and 1200 fish L^?1. Thirty‐day‐old common carp juveniles were immersed for 30 min in the water containing 1.3 × 10⁸ CFU mL^?1 of heat‐killed Escherichia coli carrying DNA vaccine encoding glycoprotein‐25, and without vaccination treatment as controls. The challenge test was performed at 30 days post vaccination by injecting 0.1 mL KHV filtrate (10^?3 of dilution rate). The result showed that higher relative per cent survival of KHV‐challenged fish was obtained in 800 fish L^?1 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, significant specific antibody anti‐KHV response (P < 0.05) was detected on 28 and 36 days post vaccination in 800 and 1200 fish L^?1, respectively, compared to the controls there was no specific antibody detected. In conclusion, the KHV DNA vaccine could provide good protection in common carp against KHV infection, which has practical applications in aquaculture practices.     

锦鲤疱疹病毒荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

根据锦鲤疱疹病毒(KHV)胸苷激酶(TK)基因的保守序列设计一对引物和相应的TaqMan探针,建立荧光定量PCR方法,用于锦鲤疱疹病毒快速、灵敏、可定量的检测手段。构建并制备实时荧光定量PCR的标准品,对反应体系进行优化,并做特异性,敏感性和重复性试验。结果表明,成功构建荧光定量PCR标准品,建立荧光定量标准曲线,标准曲线的相关系数为0.992,所建立的荧光定量PCR方法特异性强、敏感性高,重复性好。     

牛传染性鼻气管炎研究现状

牛传染性鼻气管炎(IBR)是由牛疱疹病毒1型(BoHV-1)引起牛的一种接触性传染病,表现为上呼吸道感染及气管黏膜炎症、呼吸困难等症状,还可引起生殖道感染、脑膜炎、结膜炎、流产等多种病型。该病呈世界性流行,我国部分地区也有发生。BoHV-1感染造成的免疫抑制,容易使其他病原体侵入引发继发感染,从而导致牛呼吸道疾病综合征(BRDC)的发生,给世界养牛业造成了巨大经济损失。论文围绕IBR病原学、流行病学、诊断、防控等方面阐述了近年来牛传染性鼻气管炎的研究进展,以期为牛传染性鼻气管炎的诊断及防控提供参考。     

奶牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒gG基因PCR检测方法的建立

本试验旨在建立一种PCR技术,既能快速检测牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒,又能区分同属病毒牛疱疹病毒5型和伪狂犬病病毒。根据基因库中牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒gG基因的特异性引物,建立PCR方法,对牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒参考毒株和阳性样本进行扩增,结果均能扩增出一条463 bp的特异性条带;对同属的牛疱疹病毒5型进行扩增,获得651 bp和431 bp两条带;对同属伪狂犬病病毒进行扩增,获得493 bp的条带;而非相关病毒(如猪呼吸与繁殖综合征病毒等),不能扩增出条带。对牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒的检测灵敏度为2×10^-3 PFU/mL。鉴于该方法具有良好的灵敏度和特异性,将在牛疱疹病毒感染诊断和标记疫苗免疫后的鉴别诊断方面具有良好的应用前景。     

鲤科疱疹病毒2型TaqMan荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

为建立快速和敏感的检测鲤科疱疹病毒2型(CyHV-2)的方法,本研究根据CyHV-2 DNA聚合酶基因序列合成引物和TaqMan探针,建立了CyHV-2荧光定量PCR检测方法.结果显示,以重组质粒为标准品建立的标准曲线在5拷贝/μL～5×108拷贝/μL具有良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.999;其最低检出量为5拷贝/μL,比普通PCR的敏感度高100倍.该方法仅对CyHV-2的靶基因序列进行扩增,而对锦鲤疱疹病毒、流行性造血器官坏死病病毒、病毒性出血性败血症病毒、传染性胰脏坏死病病毒及鲤春病毒血症病毒核酸扩增结果均为阴性.组内和组间重复试验变异系数的平均值分别为0.5％和0.3％,具有良好的重复性.与常规PCR相比较,该方法具有快速、敏感、特异及高通量检测等优点,适用于对CyHV-2的快速检测.