陕西省几种黄土性土壤钾吸附固定动力学研究

采用平均法研究了陕西省4种黄土性土壤钾吸附固定的动力学性质，结果表明：（1）黄土性土壤不同土类钾吸附固定量、吸附固定速度及平衡时间差异很大，娄土粘化层和黑垆士埋藏腐殖质层的钾吸附固定量约为耕层的2倍，陕南黄褐土的钾吸附固定量仅次于娄土粘化层，黄绵土的钾吸附固定量最小；（2）供试土壤不同时段的钾吸附固定速度随时间的衰 减变化符合Vt=A Blnt模型，衰减速率因土类而异：（3）供试土壤钾吸附固定过程符合Elovich方程和一级扩散方程；（4）供试土壤钾吸附固定过程分为块、中、慢三个阶段或快、慢两个阶段，快技应约在40h完成，吸附固定钾量达总量的64%-93%，所用时间仅占总时间的12%-43%。     

葛根淀粉老化动力学的研究

 利用宽角X 射线粉末衍射和差示扫描量热法研究了储存于不同温度下 ,随储存时间延长 ,葛根淀粉的老化度、老化速率等老化动力学问题。结果表明 ,完全糊化的葛根淀粉储存于 - 2 2℃ ,4℃和 2 8℃ ,均会发生老化作用而具有明显的X 射线衍射峰。所形成的老化淀粉衍射峰的衍射强度有较大差异。在 4℃储存时衍射峰的强度最大 ,2 8℃储存时衍射峰的强度最小 ,表明储存于 4℃时老化度最大 ,储存于 2 8℃时老化度最小 ,- 2 2℃的老化度居两者之间。在储存初期 (0～ 4d) ,老化度与储存时间基本呈正相关。根据Avrami方程计算的结果 ,储存于 4℃时的老化速率是 - 2 2℃储存时的 1.6倍 ,是 2 8℃储存时的 3.4倍。试验结果为生产具有较高储存稳定性和良好品质的葛根淀粉类食品提供理论依据。     

Phospholipids and wheat gluten blends: interaction and kinetics

A model system comprising of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and isolated gluten were used help understand the positive effect of PL on bread-loaf volume. The kinetics of the effect of gluten on the thermal properties of LPC were determined using DSC. Blends of PL and 3, 6, and 10% gluten were heated from 0 to 70 °C at rates between 3 and 19 °C/min and cooled to 0 °C. The onset and peak temperatures and ΔH were recorded. The peak temperature was used to calculate the activation energy (E_a) and Z value. The transition for pure LPC vesicle formation was detectable by DSC in the presence of gluten. Gluten increased the activation energy of LPC during vesicle formation and disruption. The increase in gluten content from 3 to 6% and then to 10% had a slight effect on the activation energy value of LPC during vesicle disruption, whereas during formation a steady increase was noticed with higher gluten additions. Overall, the ΔH of the blends showed a decrease at higher heating rate. The change in the PL activation energy in the presence of gluten is indicative of a form of interaction.     

茶表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯的提取动力学研究

通过测定水或乙醇提取过程中EGCG的浓度-时间变化,结合数学模型推导,采用二次拟合和析出方程回归,研究并揭示了茶表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯提取的动力学规律,为其提取工艺设计提供理论依据。研究提出了获得最佳提取时间及不同提取条件下的动力学方程。结果表明该方程拟合是成功的,EGCG提取符合传质扩散动力学规律。     

The effect of pH and calcium on copper availability to the springtail Folsomia candida in simplified soil solutions

The effect of pH and calcium on copper bioavailability to the springtail Folsomia candida was determined by assessing uptake kinetics upon copper exposure for 15 days in simplified soil solutions. A slight bioaccumulation of copper was observed in all treatments and controls. The effect of exposure concentration and calcium level on copper accumulation was not significant. Although pH and time slightly but significantly affected copper concentrations in the body, copper uptake rates were not significantly different from zero. This suggests that copper uptake in F. candida exposed to sub-lethal copper concentrations in soil pore water is not affected by pH and calcium.     

几种磷矿粉中磷和钙溶出动力学特性

采用间歇实验方法,研究4种磷矿粉在1M NH4OAC（pH4.8）酸性溶液中磷和钙溶出动力学规律,结果表明：磷矿粉中磷的溶出分为2个阶段,0~30min为快反应过程,30min后为慢反应过程,它能较好地符合Elvoich方程,磷的溶出速率（b）与枸溶性磷含量有较好的相关性,主要受磷矿粉中SiO2和碳酸钙含量的影响,枸溶性磷含量愈高,磷的溶出速率愈大,溶出磷的浓度也愈高。磷矿粉中钙的溶出也符合Elvoich方程,且与游离的碳酸钙含量有关,与其他磷矿粉不同,在PR1中钙的溶出浓度较高,很可能来自于碳酸钙的溶解。因而,磷矿粉不仅可以提供磷素营养,还提供植物生长所需的钙素营养。     

树脂酸聚合反应过程的研究

研究了用凝胶色谱法测定树脂酸聚合反应中二聚体含量的分析方法,并结合对其中未聚树脂酸的气相色谱分析,研究了以硫酸为催化剂、氯仿为溶剂时,树脂酸异构、聚合、氧化、歧化诸反应及其相互关系。实验结果表明:枞酸型树脂酸的异构反应速度大于聚合反应速度。聚合反应的进行不影响异构反应的平衡。在硫酸的作用下,少量树脂酸发生歧化反应,但大量去氢枞酸的产生,主要是由于硫酸的氧化作用。实验中没有观察到空气中的氧对反应有影响。本文还较详细地研究了枞酸的异构—聚合反应动力学,根据动力学数据,求得了反应速度常数及活化能,并提出了枞酸异构——聚合反应可能的机理。     

4-脱氧-4-己烯糖醛酸水解动力学

利用紫外光谱测定了云杉硫酸盐4-脱氧-4-己烯糖醛酸在甲酸钠中水解动力学。结果表明该水解反应为一反应速度较快的拟一级反应。此外,该水解反应的选择性较高,可望应用在无元素氯(ECF)和全无氯(TCF)漂白技术中。     

Habituation of healthy dogs to treadmill trotting: Repeatability assessment of vertical ground reaction force

To assess the repeatability of kinetic gait analysis with a treadmill, 28 sound adult dogs were made to trot on an instrumented system. Vertical ground reaction force variables (Peak PFz and Impulse IFz) were collected by 10-s recordings, once a week, 4 weeks in succession. Data were analysed using a repeated-measures two-way ANOVA to investigate habituation to treadmill locomotion. Recorded data were stabilized from the end of the first and second sessions for IFz and PFz, respectively. The percentages of variance attributable to dogs, weeks, minutes and repetitions were, respectively, 72%, 10%, 7%, and 11% for PFz and 84%, 7%, 3%, and 6% for IFz. Habituation occurred after a single training session. Good repeatability was determined by a low coefficient of variation (3.4-4.7%). Adding a treadmill to kinetic gait analysis deserves consideration: reliable data are easily recorded using appropriate habituation and statistical model.     

椰壳热解动力学分析

[目的]研究椰壳热解及动力学。[方法]在不同热解速率(5、10、20 K/min)下对椰壳原料进行热重分析,并对热解过程进行了动力学分析。[结果]椰壳热解可分为水分损失阶段、热裂解阶段、热缩聚阶段3个阶段。椰壳热解阶段可以用一级动力学模型表示,随着热解速率增加,热解第1阶段活化能增加,第2阶段活化能降低。[结论]该研究为生物质能的推广应用提供理论依据。