Projections of nutrient supply to a wakame (Undaria pinnatifida) seaweed farm on the Sanriku Coast of Japan

Wakame (Undaria pinnatifida) aquaculture is one of the major fishery industries on the Sanriku Coast of Japan. Low concentrations of nutrients in the autumn, when the germinated wakame sporophytes are installed at aquaculture facilities, induce defective growth, resulting in withering. To determine the characteristics of the nutrient variations in this region, we conducted hydrographic measurements off the coast of Iwate Prefecture. The measured results showed that in the autumn, vertical mixing pumped nutrients from the deeper layers to the mixed layer, where nutrients had been depleted during the summer. Based on these results, we developed a one‐dimensional model incorporating vertical mixing by atmospheric cooling to project the vertical distribution of the nutrient concentrations. By conducting ensemble calculations, we created a probability projection calendar for the nutrient supply up to 50 days ahead. This information was provided to wakame farmers before they installed the germinated sporophytes. The projected probability calculated from the initial conditions on 11 October 2016 was 0% until 25 October and gradually increased to 85% on 30 November. The nitrate concentration detected by an ultraviolet nitrate sensor moored at a wakame farm revealed that the nutrient concentrations reached a critical threshold on 18 November. The projected probability on that date was 75%; therefore, the projection was successful. The observed temporal evolution of the temperature, salinity, and nutrient concentrations was well reproduced by our model. The information obtained using this model is expected to reduce the risk of wakame withering and improve the efficiency of wakame production.     

海西港口群的合作与一体化发展研究

作为海峡西岸经济区的主体部分,福建省港口岸线资源丰富,并有着独特的区位优势。但近年来福建省港口重复建设和同质化竞争日趋严重,港口的总体效益不高。因此,在全面推进海峡西岸经济区建设的过程中,海西港口的发展应该打破原有的港口行政区划隶属关系,合理规划建设,实现海西港口群的合作与一体化发展。     

引入伊斯兰金融建设宁夏“黄河金岸”的构想

十二五时期,宁夏要加快黄河金岸的建设,使黄河金岸成为宁夏的金字招牌,就必须充分发挥金融对经济发展的支撑作用。基于伊斯兰金融独特的投资理念及宁夏自治区特殊的穆斯林区情,宁夏有必要结合自身地方金融发展特点,引进伊斯兰金融,早日实现黄河金岸的宏伟蓝图。     

The effects of urban greenway environment on recreational activities in tropical high-density Singapore: A computer vision approach

The urban greenway has been increasingly recognised as an important type of green infrastructure especially for land-scarce, densely-populated cities to efficiently provide their residents with continuous public spaces close to nature for recreation. Nevertheless, empirical studies on urban greenways and their recreational use rarely focus on high-density environment. Moreover, most research endeavours in this field are also largely confined to the subtropical climate, whereas much of the world’s future urban growth is projected to occur in the form of high-density mega-cities in much of tropical South and Southeast Asia. In view of these gaps, this study proposes a new approach that employs Computer Vision tools to examine the effects of the greenway’s physical environment on recreational activities, taking tropical Singapore as the test bed. The semantic segmentation model, PSPNet and the action detection model, ACAM are adapted and applied in conjunction with geographical information system tools to measure the greenway’s physical environment and people’s recreational activity at the human scale, and analyse their relationships. The result reveals a pattern that sees the clustering of different types of recreational activities at different time periods. It also reveals the relationships between recreational activities and specific environmental features, which were observed to have influenced the overall spatial distributions of the recreational activities. The finding also corroborates the design strategies for Singapore’s future urban greenways and offers a reference for engaging community groups to participate in the maintenance of urban greenways.     

Treatment of East Coast Fever of Cattle with a Combination of Parvaquone and Frusemide

Pulmonary oedema is a common sign of East Coast fever (ECF, Theileria parva infection) of cattle. A trial was conducted on farms in Uganda to compare a product containing both the antitheilerial compound parvaquone and the diuretic compound frusemide with one containing only parvaquone, in the treatment of ECF. The trial involved 40 clinical cases of ECF, some of them complicated by other infections, in cattle of all ages and on several farms. Confirmed cases were treated with either parvaquone+frusemide (P+F) or parvaquone alone (P). Survival after treatment with P+F was 77% compared with 71% with P. Five of the 10 fatalities were complicated cases. The cure rate for severe but uncomplicated ECF was 89% with P+F and 40% with P. Pulmonary signs were resolved within 24-48 h after treatment with P+F and clinical recovery was noticeably more rapid than with P. The antiparasitic effect of the two treatments was similar. P+F could be particularly useful when reporting, diagnosis or laboratory confirmation of ECF is delayed, because advanced cases are more likely to be encountered under these circumstances.     

基于RCSODS的东南沿海水稻施肥量决策

应用RCSODS模型,根据东南沿海福建稻区8个代表县(市)的土壤理化性状和水稻生长期气温资料,模拟计算了各地稻田的土壤供肥量;结合主栽品种的目标产量和肥料利用率,模拟计算了早晚稻的合理施肥量。结果表明:在研究区域土壤有机质含量与全氮含量适中,磷、钾含量普遍偏低以及土壤偏酸性的情况下,要实现水稻现有水平的目标产量,早稻需施纯氮56.98~231.85kg.hm-2,其中大部分稻田需施133.9~231.85kg.hm-2;需施磷肥(P2O5)73.28~173.57kg.hm-2,其中缺磷稻田需施132.69~173.57kg.hm-2;需施钾肥(K2O)15.41~257.63kg.hm-2。晚稻需施纯氮64.63~237.93kg.hm-2,大部分稻田需施纯氮167.77~237.93kg.hm-2;需施磷肥(P2O5)88.76~176.72kg.hm-2,其中缺磷的稻田应施磷肥(P2O5)155.38~176.72kg.hm-2;需施钾肥(K2O)50.41~315.96kg.hm-2。比较福建稻区的实际施肥量与模拟施肥量,可以看出:目前氮肥施用量总体上比较适宜,而磷肥和钾肥施用量则明显不足。     

Multipurpose shade trees in coffee and cocoa plantations in Côte d'Ivoire

Coffee and cocoa are the main cash crops of Côte d'Ivoire. They are mainly produced by small farmers in a rather extensive way. The shade trees used are mostly wild forest species yielding many different products. In the Baoulé region, an inventory of those trees and their, often multiple, uses was established. Of the 41 tree species, 22 are used as firewood and 16 as timber for local constructions. Nineteen furnish pharmaceutical products for traditional medicine and 15 have edible parts (fruits, leaves, flowers, palm wine). Those products are essential in daily life and play an important role in the local economy. The plantations can therefore be considered as agroforestry systems. Part of the world-wide research on coffee and cocoa should be reoriented to such systems, adapted to small farmer holdings, where few inputs are available and conditions of production are less favourable.Translated with modifications from: Les arbres d'ombrage et leurs utilisations dans les plantations de café et de cacao dans le sud du V-Baoulé, Côte d'Ivoire, J. For. Suisse 143(2): 149–165, 1992.     

Chemoprophylaxis and treatment of African canine trypanosomosis in French military working dogs: A retrospective study

African trypanosomosis is a major threat to livestock production in sub-Saharan Africa. Although the disease mainly concerns cattle, dogs can also be infected by Trypanosoma spp. transmitted by tsetse flies. Between 1997 and 2003, the parasite Trypanosoma congolense was identified in French military dogs sent to Africa. On infected dogs, the diagnosis was made during the mission or just after the return to France, depending on when the symptoms appeared. The high incidence and mortality rate among these dogs led veterinarians of the French Health Service to implement a systematic chemoprophylaxis beginning in 2004. Between 2004 and 2011, the chemoprophylaxis was carried out on more than 400 military dogs. The protocol of chemoprophylaxis relies on the use of isometamidium chloride (Trypamidium^®, Merial). The drug has been used successfully at the dosage of 1 mg/kg body weight by deep intramuscular injection, every two or three months. In addition, dogs are given collars impregnated with deltamethrin (Scalibor^®, MSD Animal Health). Isometamidium chloride was also used successfully in the treatment of military dogs infected with T. congolense, with a full recovery and without any relapses.     

江苏沿海防护林生态服务价值核算方法探析

从营林成本、林木价值和环境价值等方面对江苏省沿海防护林的生态服务价值进行了核算,并从理论上提出了沿海防护林生态服务价值核算的一般方法和计算公式。     

昌黎黄金海岸国家级自然保护区土壤理化性质空间分布及影响因素

【目的】探究昌黎黄金海岸国家级自然保护区土壤理化性质空间分布特征,为建立保护区植被生态系统的良性循环提供科学参考。【方法】采用 1 000 m×1 000 m 网格取样的方法确定 57 个采样点,分别采集0~10 cm 和 10~20 cm 土壤样品进行理化性质测定,利用克里金插值 法进行空间制图,根据相关分析和方差分析探讨影响因素。【结果】保护区土壤理化性质水平分异明显,距海越远,部分理化性质指标值越高;土壤质地主要分为砂土、壤质砂土、砂质壤土及粉壤土四类,其中砂土占 70% 左右,砂粒含量达到 85%~100%;七里海实验区西部为盐土,全盐量为 5.22 g/kg,沿海以非盐化和轻度盐化为主。各指标间显著相关,其中土壤容重与含水量、养分指标呈显著负相关;除容重外,土壤含水量与其他 6 种指标之间呈显著正相关;4 种养分指标之间互为正相关关系,pH 值与有效磷、速效钾及全盐量呈显著正相关。此外,土壤理化性质分布格局受距海岸线距离、土地利用类型、土壤类型等因素的影响。其中距海岸线距离因素所起作用较大;耕地土壤含水量和养分含量显著高于林地、草地和未利用地;与潮土和滨海盐土相比,滨海风沙土的土壤容重较高,但含水量、有机质含量、全盐量和 pH 值较低。【结论】七里海实验区西部树种选择应以耐盐碱植物为主,陆域缓冲区、陆域核心区南部和金沙湾实验区应选择耐旱、抗风的良种壮苗。