功能性寡糖对锦江黄牛瘤胃发酵及微生物生长效率的影响

本试验旨在研究不同水平的功能性寡糖对锦江黄牛瘤胃发酵及微生物生长效率的影响。采用体外批次培养法,在精粗比为 ２０∶８０的基础饲粮中添加甘露寡糖、果寡糖和大豆寡糖,各组功能性寡糖的添加水平分别为 ０（对照组）、０．８０％、１．００％和 １．２０％。结果表明,饲粮添加功能性寡糖对锦江黄牛瘤胃 ｐＨ无显著影响（Ｐ＞０．０５）,但显著增加培养液挥发性脂肪酸和菌体蛋白浓度（Ｐ＜０．０５）;每日微生物氮产量也有提高的趋势,但差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。建立微生物生长效率与功能性寡糖添加水平之间的二次曲线模型,当甘露寡糖添加水平为 １．１７％时,微生物生长效率最大,为 ５９．７２ｇ／ｋｇ;当大豆寡糖添加水平为 １．０３％时,微生物生长效率最大,为 ５９．５０ｇ／ｋｇ。综合本试验结果,功能性寡糖的添加水平在 １．００％ ～１．２０％之间更有利于锦江黄牛瘤胃微生物的生长。     

Effect of ensiling moist field bean (Vicia faba), pea (Pisum sativum) and lupine (Lupinus spp.) grains on the contents of alkaloids,oligosaccharides and tannins

Ensiling legume grain may be an inexpensive and ecologically interesting method to produce a high‐protein feed of local origin. The typically patchy maturation recommends harvesting and ensiling the seeds in moist condition. Developing a method for preserving legume grains harvested before maturation by lactic acid fermentation would have several advantages. Under laboratory conditions, crushed legume seeds of beans, peas and lupines with high moisture content of 35 % were ensiled with different additives (molasses and lactic acid bacteria). To characterize the final silages, contents of proximate nutrients and antinutritional factors (alkaloids, oligosaccharides, tannins) were analysed. The addition of lactic acid bacteria ensured a fast and pronounced lactic acid production and decreased contents of undesired fermentation products like ethanol. An additional use of molasses for ensilage did not provide a remarkable additional benefit. Excluding sugar and starch, the contents of proximate nutrients were not remarkably altered after ensiling. As an overall effect, lactic acid fermentation reduced tannins and oligosaccharides. It can be supposed that the oligosaccharides after breakdown of the complex molecules acted as a source of fermentable carbohydrates. A relevant reduction of alkaloids did not occur. The lactic acid fermentation of legume grains can be recommended as an appropriate method for conservation. With respect to the economic advantages and compared with methods of chemical preservation, the lactic acid fermentation of legume grains under anaerobic conditions is an environmentally compliant procedure and therefore also an option for organic farming.     

Agarase: Review of Major Sources,Categories, Purification Method,Enzyme Characteristics and Applications

Agarases are the enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of agar. They are classified into α-agarase (E.C. 3.2.1.158) and β-agarase (E.C. 3.2.1.81) according to the cleavage pattern. Several agarases have been isolated from different genera of bacteria found in seawater and marine sediments, as well as engineered microorganisms. Agarases have wide applications in food industry, cosmetics, and medical fields because they produce oligosaccharides with remarkable activities. They are also used as a tool enzyme for biological, physiological, and cytological studies. The paper reviews the category, source, purification method, major characteristics, and application fields of these native and gene cloned agarases in the past, present, and future.     

寡聚糖对仔猪的免疫作用

本文系统地介绍了寡聚糖在仔猪体液和细胞免疫系统中的作用。大量的研究表明：寡聚糖可通过促进动物胃肠道有益微生物生长，提高血液免疫细胞和球蛋白的量，来调节动物免疫防御系统。     

利用麦麸制备低聚糖阿魏酸酯的研究

利用木聚糖酶和Viscozyme L水解去淀粉和蛋白质后的小麦麸皮(DSPWB)制备低聚糖阿魏酸酯(FO)。结果表明,酶解制备FO的最佳条件为:料液比1∶20,酶添加量3 g/L(木聚糖酶和Viscozyme L添加量之比为2∶1),在pH4.5、60℃下酶解8 h。在该条件下,酶解产物的总固形物、还原糖、总糖含量分别为277、104、215 mg/g;FO中的阿魏酸含量为2.73 mg/g。     

大豆黄浆水处理过程中超滤膜的选择

通过实验研究了不同截留分子量和膜材料的超滤膜在超滤大豆黄浆水时的渗透通量、膜衰减系数、蛋白质截留率和总糖透过率,结果表明:PS-10膜是分离大豆黄浆水的适宜用膜。     

响应面法优化超声波辅助提取薏苡仁低聚糖工艺的研究

采用响应面法优化超声波辅助提取薏苡仁低聚糖的工艺条件。在单因素试验基础上,选取液料比、超声波时间以及超声波功率3个因素结合Box-Behnken试验建立数学模型,分析考察3个因素对薏苡仁低聚糖响应值的影响程度,优化工艺参数。各因素对薏苡仁低聚糖提取率影响程度从大到小顺序依次为:超声波功率超声波时间液料比。响应面设计法优化出其最佳超声波提取条件为:超声波温度70℃,液料比33∶1(m L/g),超声波时间27 min,超声波功率450 W。在该条件下,薏苡仁低聚糖提取率为0.94%,与模型预测值0.98%接近。说明使用响应面法优化超声波辅助提取薏苡仁低聚糖的工艺条件是可行的。     

壳寡糖叶面喷施对玉米耐旱性的调节

针对壳寡糖持续时间不长的作用机制,本研究在自然干旱条件下多次叶面喷施不同浓度的壳寡糖,调查其对不同玉米杂交种抗旱相关生理指标、产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明,在5叶期、10叶期和15叶期叶面喷施壳寡糖,叶片相对含水量均较清水对照显著提高,电导率和丙二醛含量较清水对照显著降低,吐丝期、生育期、株高、穗位高、穗行数和百粒重的影响不显著,行粒数和穗粒重较清水对照显著提高,而且以0.3%浓度壳寡糖处理的作用更为明显。由此说明,在干旱胁迫下叶面喷施壳寡糖对细胞膜具有保护作用,可通过对行粒数的影响而提高玉米产量。     

植物低聚糖提取和生物活性鉴定

应用酶解法从小麦细胞壁中提取出低聚糖。经过活性鉴定,具有诱导大豆和小麦抗毒素产生,特别是从小麦代谢、细胞、植株等水平上改善该作物体内防御功能等生物作用。水解酶的种类、纯度、酶活值与所降解低聚糖的活性程度密切相关;高纯度、高酶活单位的水解酶提取的低聚糖,具有较强的生物功能。对来源不同的低聚糖进行了活性差异的比较,同时还讨论了其它因素——诸如小麦细胞的生理状态,低聚糖保存条件等对低聚糖活性的影响。     

寡糖·柠檬酸及中药联合应用对肉鸡生产性能和免疫机能的影响

[目的]为了避免使用抗生素而使机体内正常菌群区系遭到破坏、免疫机能降低、药物残留、使细菌产生耐药性等副作用,研发替代抗生素的饲料添加剂。[方法]研究将寡糖、柠檬酸及中药联合应用对肉鸡生产性能和免疫机能的影响,测定初、中、后期平均增重、饲料转化率,检测了免疫功能。[结果]结果表明:在日粮中添加0.2%寡果糖、0.1%柠檬酸、0.2%中药对提高肉鸡的生产性能,促进免疫器官的生长发育,提高机体的细胞免疫机能的作用最明显。[结论]该研究为替代抗生素的无公害饲料添加剂的研发提供了参考。