锌、铁和维生素A互作对肉仔鸡血清和肝脏抗氧化效应的影响

试验选用360只健康1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡(公、母混养),采用2×2×3三因子析因化设计,将360只试验雏鸡随机分成12组,每组设3个重复,每个重复10只鸡。锌的添加浓度为50、100mg/kg,铁的添加浓度为30、60mg/kg,维生素A的添加浓度为1500、3000、6000IU/kg。测定了肉仔鸡血清、肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、铜锌超氧化物歧化(酶CuZn-SOD)活性,丙二醛(MDA)含量,以此来研究不同水平的锌、铁、维生素A同时添加,三者在肉仔鸡血清、肝脏抗氧化功能方面的互作效应。结果表明:锌、铁与维生素A三者互作对提高肉仔鸡血清CuZn-SOD活性影响极显(著P<0.01),对提高肉仔鸡肝脏GSH-Px活性和降低MDA含量影响极显(著P<0.01)。这说明锌、铁、维生素A三者之间在肉仔鸡抗氧化方面存在协同效应。     

中国现当代文学的偶然与必然——社会政治生态下的沈从文

辛亥革命肇始，中国思想文化多元的局面得以形成，并造就了沈从文文艺创作的辉煌。北伐战争、抗日战争、解放战争、反右斗争和文化大革命等诸次重大社会变局有着深刻的国内国际背景，所形成的社会政治生态使20世纪中国思想文化领域多数时间呈现出由多元向单一的走向。特定的社会政治生态使自由知识分子逐渐边沿化乃至于消失。沈从文创作理念、艺术风格与主流文艺标准的冲突过程以及挣扎沉浮的人生轨迹，显示出20世纪中国自由知识分子一个时代的缩影。沈从文个体经历折射出的普遍意义，或可为中国现当代文学史研究作出可供参考的注脚。     

Interactions between dietary fatty acids and hepatic gene expression in livers of pigs during the weaning period

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of dietary fatty acids (FA) during the weaning period on expression of genes involved in the oxidation and metabolism of FA (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-), stearoyl-CoA-desaturase (SCD), Δ6-desaturase (D6D), acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS)). Liver samples were obtained from littermates, either on day 28 of age just before weaning, or at day 56 after the 4 weeks ad lib. provision of 5% of either animal fat, fish oil or sunflower oil. In conclusion, genes involved in the regulation of FA conversion (SCD, D6D) were influenced by the n-6 to n-3 ratio, whereas the FA oxidation, as indicated by the expression of PPAR-, was highly likely regulated by the hepatic ratio between mono- and poly-unsaturated FA. Furthermore, weaning and/or age affected the hepatic expression of genes involved in FA synthesis and conversion, but not the expression of PPAR-.     

中草药和芦荟多糖对肉仔鸡肠道微生态、免疫功能及生产性能的影响

研究了中草药添加剂、芦荟多糖对肉仔鸡肠道主要菌群、小肠微绒毛密度、免疫功能及生产性能的影响.结果表明,肉仔鸡饲粮中添加中草药、芦荟多糖,能显著降低盲肠内容物大肠杆菌浓度,提高盲肠内双歧杆菌和乳酸菌杆菌浓度(P＜0.05);回肠微绒毛高度增加、密度加大(P＜0.05);免疫器官胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊相对质量均显著增加,新城疫抗体效价显著提高(P＜0.05);添加中草药、中草药 芦荟多糖显著提高了肉仔鸡的日增重和降低了料肉比(P＜0.05).     

西吉县小麦丰产抗锈病品种综合分析选优

2003~2005年进行了冬春小麦42个水旱地品种的比较试验,运用灰色关联综合评价方法,筛选出西吉县丰产抗条锈病品种:冬小麦水地品种静冬9717、静冬941、静冬9718,旱地品种8802、陇原935、陇原992综合性状较好且抗条锈病;春小麦水地品种宁春4号、802-15、定丰806;旱地品种93-163-6、陇春8139-2综合性状较优,除宁春4号较易感条锈病外,其它品种均抗锈病。抗病品种比感病品种提高产量15.40%~61.12%。建议今后在西吉县大面积推广种植这些品种时,水浇地要特别注意宁春4号品种的条锈病预测及防治工作。     

额济纳盆地植物地下微生境深度范围的确定——土壤酶指示法

地下微生境位置的确定对于干旱区植被生态系统的恢复具有重要意义,但目前尚没有准确、简单可行的确定方法.应用额济纳盆地的野外调查与室内实验数据,分析了3类植物群落结构(草本 灌木组合、灌木 乔木组合及草本 灌木 乔木组合)中的土壤过氧化氢酶活性曲线.结果发现:过氧化氢酶活性曲线的各峰值区与植物群落中各生活型植物的根群位置对应,而已有研究指出植物的根群位置正与植物的地下微生境位置对应.因此,可以通过分析过氧化氢酶活性曲线来确定植物地下微生境的空间位置.     

洲际背包客中国出入境口岸选择

本文首次讨论洲际背包客在华出入境口岸选择偏好。在对西安、阳朔两地洲际背包客进行旅游市场实地亲身调查的基础上,总结了背包客对北京、香港、上海、广州中国四大进出境口岸城市的旅游访问率;讨论了对各口岸城市的选择行为并分析了影响口岸选择的因素;在Leiper双目的地旅游系统地理要素模型的基础上,构建了洲际背包客旅游系统地理要素模型;提出不同旅游偏好的洲际背包客对相应类型顶尖级旅游吸引物先睹为快的倾向。     

Spatial and temporal patterns of Lolium rigidum–Avena sterilis mixed populations in a cereal field

Through a detailed case study of a two‐species (Lolium rigidum and Avena sterilis) weed community at contrasting scales, this paper examined factors that affect weed distribution across space and time in a commercial wheat field in north‐east Spain. A. sterilis showed relatively stable spatial distribution and spatial structure of its population over time at large scale, with well‐defined patches, although weed density rose quickly. L. rigidum showed poorly defined patches that were not stable across time. Interaction between species could explain to some degree the spatial distribution at large scale: a negative relationship was detected between the spatial structures of both weed populations. At fine scale, both species showed a clear interaction effect from primary dispersal (more important in A. sterilis) and secondary dispersal from combine harvesting (more important in L. rigidum).     

Effects of previous leaf injuries to spring canola on western black flea beetle (Phyllotreta pusilla) feeding

Two trials were conducted in 2002 with 14-day-old spring canola (Brassica napus L.) seedlings to evaluate the effects of previous leaf injuries of different cultivars on subsequent injury by western black flea beetle (WBFB),Phyllotreta pusilla Horn (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), under greenhouse conditions in Colorado (USA). Previous leaf cutting was found to have only minor effects on subsequent infestation and injury by WBFB, and such effects may be cultivar-specific. Only IMC205 showed significant differences by more than one parameter during these studies; cultivars Excel and 46A65 showed no responses in injury or infestation between previously cut and uncut plants. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Nov. 14, 2005.     

Effects of sodium fluoride on hepatic toxicity in adult mice and their suckling pups

In this investigation, we have evaluated the effect of sodium fluoride (NaF) on hepatic function in pregnant and lactating mice and their suckling pups. Experiments were carried out on female Wistar mice given 500 ppm sodium fluoride (226 ppm fluoride ion) in their drinking water from the 15th day of pregnancy until day 14 after delivery. All mice were sacrificed on day 14 after parturition. Our results showed a significant decrease in serum levels of total protein and albumin, a marked hypoglycaemia and a significant decline in serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in fluoride-treated mice and their pups. Whereas globulin and biluribin levels in serum were not significantly changed by NaF treatment. On the other hand, serum transaminase activities (aspartate transaminase; alanine transaminase), which well known as markers of liver function, were elevated indicating hepatic cells’ damage after treatment with fluoride. Lipid peroxidation increased in NaF-treated mice and pups, as revealed by high liver malondialdehyde levels, while serum total antioxidant status showed a significant decline. These biochemical modifications in NaF-treated mice also correspond histologically with extensive ballooning, hepatocellular necrosis and infiltration of mononuclear cells. These effects were not observed in controls.