Functional characterization of bovine TIRAP and MyD88 in mediating bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced endothelial NF-κB activation and apoptosis

Mastitis is a prevalent disease in dairy cows. Gram-negative bacteria, which express the pro-inflammatory molecule lipopolysaccharide (LPS), are responsible for the majority of acute clinical cases of mastitis. Previous studies have identified differential susceptibility of human and bovine endothelial cells (EC) to the pro-inflammatory and injury-inducing effects of LPS. The Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 signaling pathway, which is activated by LPS, has been well studied in humans, but not in ruminants. Human myeloid differentiation-factor 88 (MyD88) and TIR-domain containing adaptor protein (TIRAP) are critical proteins in the LPS-induced NF-κB and apoptotic signaling pathways. To assess the role of the bovine orthologs of these proteins in bovine TLR-4 signaling, dominant-negative constructs were expressed in bovine EC, and LPS-induced NF-κB activation and apoptosis evaluated. The results from this study indicate that bovine MyD88 and TIRAP play functional roles in transducing LPS signaling from TLR-4 to downstream effector molecules involved in NF-κB activation, and that TIRAP promotes apoptotic signaling.     

抗菌肽在调节动物免疫力方面的研究进展

抗菌肽是一种古老的生物活性分子,作为宿主防御系统的重要组成成分,其广谱抗菌活性和多方面免疫调节功能,日益引起医药界和生物学界的广泛关注并逐渐成为研究热点。人们有望利用其不引起有害炎症反应的特性,来激活并加强宿主的免疫反应。作者主要综述了目前抗菌肽在调节动物免疫方面的研究进展。     

重组白细胞介素- 2对固始鸡免疫机能的影响

本试验旨在探讨重组白细胞介素- 2（IL- 2）对固始鸡免疫机能的影响。应用大体解剖技术和免疫技术,对重组IL- 2对固始鸡免疫机能的影响进行了研究。注射固始鸡IL- 2的各免疫组的抗体水平均高于鸡志贺氏菌苗组,明显高于空白对照组;各免疫组抗体水平在第2～3周达到最高水平,以后在4～7周内基本保持恒定水平;注射IL- 2的各免疫组的脾脏指数、胸腺指数、法氏囊指数基本上均高于空白对照组和鸡志贺氏菌苗组。重组IL- 2可促进固始鸡免疫器官的生长发育和成熟,增强鸡的免疫机能,可抵抗各种病原微生物的感染。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病中等毒力活疫苗对H9亚型禽流感灭活疫苗体液免疫应答影响的研究

将150只维扬麻鸡商品雏鸡随机分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ 5组,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组对应免疫A、B、C 3种IBD活疫苗和同一种H9亚型AI灭活疫苗,Ⅳ组为免疫对照组,只免疫H9亚型AI灭活疫苗,Ⅴ组为空白对照组。IBD中等毒力活疫苗二免后,定期监测鸡群H9亚型AI灭活疫苗免疫后的HI抗体消长情况,以评价这3种IBD活疫苗对H9亚型AI灭活疫苗体液免疫应答的影响。结果发现,45日龄前（即IBD疫苗二免后23 d前、H9亚型AI灭活疫苗二免后20 d前）,Ⅰ组与Ⅳ组、Ⅱ组与Ⅳ组H9亚型AIV抗体水平均差异显著（P<0.05）,Ⅲ组与Ⅳ组间差异不显著（P>0.05）。在45日龄后（即H9亚型AI灭活疫苗二免20 d后）,试验鸡的H9亚型AIV HI抗体水平均无显著差异。     

中草药制剂对新美系原种猪的生长性能和体液免疫影响研究

试验选择日龄基本相近、体重为(64±1)kg的健康新关系原种猪72头,随机分为4组,即3个试验组和1个对照组,每个处理设3个重复,每个重复6头,其中3个品种(杜洛克、大约克和长白)各2头.对照组猪饲喂基础日粮,3个试验组猪分别饲喂基础日粮+0.01%丹参片、基础日粮+0.03%金黄素和基础日粮+0.06%祛湿茶,试验期30d.试验结果表明,3个试验组分别比对照组的日增重提高5.76%(P<0.05)、9.52%和48.84%,在料重比方面分别提高0.37%、3.73%和9.33%,并能提高肥育猪血清IgG、IgA、IgM的水平,从而增强了新美系原种猪的自身免疫力.     

固始鸡免疫器官内T淋巴细胞亚群动态变化

应用流式细胞仪结合免疫荧光抗体技术对固始鸡和固始鸡胚胎免疫器官内T淋巴细胞亚群的动态变化和发育分化规律进行了研究.结果发现,(1)胚胎时期,胸腺内T淋巴细胞发育分化低,表现为成熟的T淋巴细胞(CD3~+)和不成熟的胸腺细胞均较少;出壳后,固始鸡胸腺内成熟T淋巴细胞增多,占胸腺细胞的30%左右,但大部分仍是未成熟的胸腺细胞.(2)脾脏内T淋巴细胞为成熟的T淋巴细胞(CD3~+),占淋巴细胞的60%左右.胚胎时期脾脏内CD3~+水平低,出壳后2周已达脾脏内正常水平(60%左右).(3)法氏囊内有少量的成熟T淋巴细胞(10%左右).结果表明,T淋巴细胞在固始鸡胸腺内增殖分化和成熟,脾脏和法氏囊内的成熟T淋巴细胞均来源于胸腺.     

The ubiquitous role of zinc in health and disease

Objective – To review zinc physiology and pathophysiology and the importance of zinc toxicity and deficiency in veterinary patients.
Data Sources – A review of human and veterinary medical literature.
Human Data Synthesis – There is a significant amount of original research in humans and animals on the role of zinc in multiple organ systems. There is also significant data available on human patients with zinc abnormalities.
Veterinary Data Synthesis – Zinc deficiency has been studied in dogs with genetic disease and dietary deficiency leading to dermatological disease and immune deficiency. Zinc toxicity has been described after ingestion of metallic foreign bodies containing zinc.
Conclusions – Historically, the role of zinc in health and disease has been studied through patients with toxicity or severe deficiency with obvious clinical signs. As the ubiquitous contribution of zinc to structure and function in biological systems was discovered, clinically significant but subtle deficiency states have been revealed. In human medicine, mild zinc deficiencies are currently thought to cause chronic metabolic derangement leading to or exacerbating immune deficiency, gastrointestinal problems, endocrine disorders, neurologic dysfunction, cancer, accelerated aging, degenerative disease, and more. Determining the causal relationships between mild zinc deficiency and concurrent disease is complicated by the lack of sensitive or specific tests for zinc deficiency. The prevalence of zinc deficiency and its contribution to disease in veterinary patients is not well known. Continued research is warranted to develop more sensitive and specific tests to assess zinc status, to determine which patients are at risk for deficiency, and to optimize supplementation in health and disease.     

三倍体湘云鲫2号IFNa3基因的克隆及功能初探

三倍体湘云鲫2号具有不育、生长快、抗病抗逆性强等优良特性。为探究其抗病优势分子机制,实验克隆及鉴定了三倍体湘云鲫2号干扰素a3(3nIFNa3)。3nIFNa3的CDS由552个核苷酸组成,编码184个氨基酸。经预测,3nIFNa3 N端23位氨基酸为信号肽;3nIFNa3成熟肽中存在2个半胱氨酸残基并参与形成二硫键,表明其隶属于Ⅰ型一组干扰素。实时荧光定量PCR (qPCR)结果显示,宿主细胞经poly I∶C刺激后8 h、草鱼呼肠孤病毒(GCRV)或鲤春病毒血症病毒(SVCV)感染后48 h,3nIFNa3的转录水平达到最高。免疫印迹和免疫荧光结果显示,3nIFNa3为分泌型蛋白,分子量约为21.8 ku,其在出胞前主要分布于细胞质中。进一步研究发现,在宿主细胞中过表达3nIFNa3或含3nIFNa3的上清培养基孵育宿主细胞均能诱导内源ISG基因转录水平的显著提高。其中,3nSTAT1及3nVIPERIN在含3nIFNa3的上清培养基孵育后2 h转录水平达到最高,3nPKR则在4 h表达水平最高。此外,病毒滴度测定及结晶紫染色实验表明,EPC细胞经3nIFNa3孵育或过表达3nIFNa3后,其抗GCRV和SVCV的能力均显著增强。研究表明,3nIFNa3为可分泌的细胞因子,在宿主抗病毒天然免疫反应中发挥作用。     

Prospects in Salmonella Control: Competitive Exclusion,Probiotics, and Enhancement of Avian Intestinal Immunity

Salmonella infections are mainly asymptomatic in poultry but are associated with widespread human illness from this source. Therefore, there is continuing interest in finding ways of preventing flock infection and, hence, contamination of poultry products with salmonellas. This review considers aspects of Salmonella carriage in poultry and host interactions that may be exploitable in the future to improve existing control measures. These include factors involved in colonization of the gastrointestinal tract, the role of competitive exclusion and probiotic treatments, and enhancement of intestinal immunity.     

鸡传染性支气管炎（肾型HK株）活疫苗的研究

肾型鸡传染性支气管炎病毒致弱株ＨＫ毒株引自其他研究所，用于制作活疫苗。此苗每剂量含毒价不低于１０＾３．５ＥＩＤ５０，经－１５℃中贮存１８个月，不影响其免疫效力。接种４个月后的鸡中８０％能抵抗强毒攻击，已在野外应用于２５，０００，０００羽上鸡只，未出现不良反应病例，说明此疫苗在实验室及野外应用都很满意。