疑核在下丘脑外侧区调节机体细胞免疫中的作用

实验用3～4月龄、1.5～2.5kg健康青紫蓝家兔16只,麻醉后固定于脑立体定位仪上.对其中11只刺激下丘脑外侧区;5只损毁疑核后,再刺激下丘脑外侧区.在刺激前和刺激后不同时间采血,检测外周血中T细胞百分率和PHA诱导的淋巴细胞转化率.结果:刺激下丘脑外侧区,能迅速提高外周血中的T细胞百分率,过一段时间,T细胞转化率也显著升高.而损毁疑核后再刺激下丘脑外侧区,外周血中T细胞百分率和淋巴细胞转化率均无显著变化.由此认为,下丘脑外侧区具有增强机体细胞免疫功能的作用,疑核是下丘脑外侧区调节机体免疫反应的中继核.     

猪场猪瘟、伪狂犬病免疫程序调整的可行性分析

为避免按不合理的免疫程序接种后给母猪的生产和仔猪的生长发育等带来负面影响,如仔猪应激,妊娠母猪流产及胚胎死亡等,金华种猪场以抗体测定为依据对猪瘟、伪狂犬病的免疫接种效果作了相应的试验后得出:后备母猪在配种前３周接种猪瘟疫苗,１５０日龄和２００日龄接种伪狂犬病疫苗;母猪在断奶时接种猪瘟疫苗,产前３周接种伪狂犬病疫苗;仔猪分别在２１日龄和５０~６０日龄接种猪瘟疫苗。     

Foot-and-mouth disease. Challenge of cattle after multiple vaccinations

Four groups of six cattle were vaccinated from two to five times at 6 month intervals with two different trivalent FMD vaccines licensed in the given year. The FMDV type A strains in the vaccines designated A5F and A5B were closely related. Three months after the last vaccination the cattle were challenged by contact with animals inoculated with the original field strain A5B. The inoculated animals developed typical FMD symptoms with vesicles in the mouth and on the feet. Those cattle which had received vaccines that did not contain strain A5B also became severely sick, even after five vaccinations. Animals vaccinated twice with type B containing vaccine were also not completely protected. A safe protection can obviously only be achieved for fairly short periods of time if vaccine and challenge strain are homologous. It is proposed to change the rules of licensing, to speed up the procedure to vaccinate in cases of outbreaks. The need for further research, especially into improving vaccines, is stressed.     

巨型艾美耳球虫免疫对其它几种球虫的血清学反应和临诊抗感染交叉保护力的研究

为探讨鸡艾美耳球虫种间交叉免疫这一尚有争议的问题,本文用ELISA方法检测了巨型艾美耳球虫（Eimeriamaxima）免疫血清与其它主要虫种（柔嫩艾美耳E．tenella、毒害艾美耳E．necatrix及堆型艾美耳球虫E．acervulina）抗原的血清学反应,同时观察了E．maxima免疫（1×104个卵囊/只）鸡遭受上述虫种大剂量（1×105个卵囊／只）强毒攻击后的死亡率和肠道病变,对临诊交叉保护力进行了评估。结果表明,E．maxima免疫血清与E．tenellaE．acervulina可溶性抗原有不同程度的交叉反应;E．maxima免疫后用E．tenella,E.acervulina,E.necatrix大剂量强毒攻击,分别有70％、40％、6％的鸡获得了完全保护;25％、60％、27％的鸡获得了部分保护。     

The efficacy of colostrum from cows vaccinated with rotavirus in protecting calves to experimentally induced rotavirus infection

Calves which were continuously fed colostrum from vaccinated cows for the first ten days of life, were fully refractory to experimental infection with strain 81/36 F of bovine rotavirus. By contrast, the response to virus exposure of calves which were treated with normal colostrum was identical to that of the control calves, in that they underwent severe diarrhea and a significant slowing of the growth rate. The antibody titer in the milk of vaccinated cows tends to decline rapidly so that it no longer provides any protective effect. Two alternatives were considered feasible in improving prophylaxis for rotavirus infections: (a) the continuous feeding of calves with 1st day colostrum as part of the ration throughout the period of greatest risk (first week of life), or (b) enhancing the efficacy of the vaccine in pregnant cows to the point where antibody concentration in the milk would remain at a protective level.     

Listeriosis in Sheep: Eperythrozoon Ovis Infection Used as a Model to Study Predisposing Factors

Three groups of 9 months old lambs, each group consisting of 5 animals, were infected experimentally with Eperythrozoon ovis (Eo), Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) and Eo/Lm, respectively. The animals infected with Eo developed haemolytic anaemia, but otherwise no clinical symptoms were seen. The animals infected with Lm had a period with fever and reduced appetite after infection. These symptoms lasted longer and were more pronounced in the group with the dual infection (Eo/Lm). None of the lambs developed clinical meningo-encephalitis during the experiment.Group Lm developed the highest reciprocal geometrical mean titres against Lm. No titer rise was found in group Eo, while group Eo/Lm had a slight rise towards the end of the experiment. Group Eo/Lm also had the strongest delayed hypersensitivity reaction against Lm.After Eo infection, a fall in packed cell volume, haemoglobin, number of red cells, and plasma glucose and an increase in serum iron were recorded. Serum iron dropped and serum copper increased after infection with Lm.In this experiment the blood changes induced by Eo, i.e. haemolytic anaemia and acidosis, led to a prolonged state of illness in animals infected with Lm, in addition to inhibited development of antibody titres, but not to clinical meningoencephalitis.     

An overview of recent developments in corneal immunobiology: potential relevance in the etiogenesis of corneal disease in the horse

This paper overviews some recent developments in mammalian corneal immunobiology, and discusses how these may act as pointers towards understanding the immunology underlying some common corneal diseases in the horse, including infectious ulceration and presumptively immune-mediated non-ulcerative disease. Specifically, three aspects of corneal immunobiology are examined: the role of Toll-like receptors in surface immunity and in the etiogenesis of microbial ulceration, the relationship between conjunctiva associated lymphoid tissue (CALT) and immunoprotection of the corneal surface, and the mechanisms determining corneal immune privilege (IP) and how down regulation of IP may be an important factor in the genesis of corneal immunoinflammatory disease.     

β-甘露聚糖酶对肉鸡免疫机能的影响

试验选择健康、体重相近1日龄AA肉仔鸡384羽(公母各半),公母分开饲养,公母各设4个处理,每个处理4个重复,每重复12羽。处理Ⅰ为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,处理Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组为β-甘露聚糖酶添加组,在基础日粮的基础上分别添加0.03%、0.06%、0.1%的β-甘露聚糖酶。试验期为6周,测定肉鸡免疫机能指标。结果表明,日粮中添加不同水平的β-甘露聚糖酶对肉鸡免疫器官指数没有显著影响,性别因素对其也无影响。而日粮中添加不同水平的β-甘露聚糖酶可以提高肉鸡血清中IgA、IgG的含量,而性别因素对其无影响。与对照组相比,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组IgA含量分别提高了17.14%(P<0.05)、51.43%(P<0.01)和34.28%(P<0.01);IgG含量分别提高了23.96%(P<0.05)、36.28%(P<0.01)和28.99%(P<0.01),但对血清IgM含量没有显著影响。综合考虑,在本试验设计的添加范围内,添加水平为0.06%时,血清IgA、IgG含量最高。     

中草药对肉鸡生产性能、免疫指标及抗氧化功能的影响

将1日龄AA肉鸡720羽,随机分为四组,分别饲喂四种不同处理的日粮：（1）基础日粮,（2）在前、后期基础日粮中均添加中草药1．5kg／t,（3）在前、后期基础日粮中均添加中草药2kg／t,（4）在前、后期基础日粮中分别添加中草药2kg／t、1．5kg／t。通过测定肉鸡的生产性能、免疫器官和抗氧化指标,研究其在肉鸡饲料中的应用效果。结果表明：添加不同水平的中草药均提高了肉鸡前期生产性能;对早期免疫器官的发育亦具促进作用,第3组的法氏囊重及其指数、脾脏重和脾脏指数有显著提高（P〈0．05）;3、4组后期料重比分别降低了4．9％、6．8％,42日龄体增重分别提高了4．52,5、7％;且试验组死淘率均低于对照组;促进了其免疫器官的发育,有提高血清抗氧化性能的趋势;饲料中添加中草药明显改善了养殖经济效益。     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒分子流行病学研究进展

主要对近两年国内外鸡传染性支气管炎病毒的研究进行了回顾。分别对该病毒（IBV）的结构基因、致病机理和免疫预防三个方面的研究进展进行了分析,为IBV的进一步研究提供科学依据。