螺旋藻多糖调节小鼠免疫功能的作用

为研究螺旋藻多糖对小鼠免疫功能的调节作用,将螺旋藻多糖分别以低剂量6.7 ms/kg(推荐的人体每日摄入量)、中剂量67.0 ms/kg和高剂量134.0 mg/kg连续饲喂受试小鼠15 d后,对小鼠进行免疫调节试验.结果表明:螺旋藻多糖在134.0 mg/kg剂量时,可明显增强二硝基氟苯(DNFB)所致的小鼠迟发性超敏反应(P<0.05);中、高剂量组小鼠的胸腺指数、高剂量组小鼠血清的半数溶血值(HC_(50))及小鼠的单核-巨噬细胞吞噬指数明显高于对照组(P<0.05),且有明显的剂量.反应关系.根据保健食品免疫调节作用评价标准,螺旋藻多糖具有免疫调节作用.     

微生态制剂对锦鲤生长性能、肌肉组成、体色及非特异性免疫的影响

为探讨微生态制剂在锦鲤养殖生产中的应用效果,研究微生态制剂对锦鲤生长、肌肉组成、体色和血清非特异性免疫指标的影响。将300尾初始体质量为(147.22±4.51)g的锦鲤随机分为5组,每组设3个平行,对照组(Ⅰ组)饲喂基础饲料,试验组(Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组)在基础饲料中分别添加不同剂量(0.05‰、0.10‰、0.20‰、0.40‰)的微生态制剂粉剂,养殖周期为45 d。结果表明,与对照组相比,饲料中添加0.20‰微生态制剂组,锦鲤的增重率、特定生长率分别显著提高32.25%、26.19%,饲料系数显著降低25.98%;各试验组成活率、体表色度值无显著变化;各试验组的鱼体粗蛋白含量、粗脂肪含量、水分含量均无显著变化,粗灰分含量随着微生态制剂添加剂量的增加显著升高;各试验组非特异性免疫指标SOD、AKP、LSZ活性均显著高于对照组,其中0.20‰的添加组最高,分别为69.84 U/m L、12.72 U/m L、14.21μg/m L,较对照组分别显著提高24.33%、27.70%、26.00%。综上,饲料中添加微生态制剂可显著提高锦鲤幼鱼的生长性能、改善鱼体肌肉成分、提高非特异性免疫机能,适宜添加量为0.20‰。     

乳酸菌对凡纳滨对虾生长及非特异性免疫力和抗逆性的影响

通过拌料投喂的方式,研究来源于糟粕醋的融合乳杆菌(LAB041)和植物乳杆菌(LAB1036)分别对凡纳滨对虾生长、非特异性免疫力和抗逆性的影响。结果表明,拌料投喂8周后,LAB041可显著提高实验对虾的存活率、终全长、增重率和特定生长率(P0.05),LAB041和LAB1036可显著降低对虾养殖的饲料系数(P0.05)。LAB041可显著提高实验对虾血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和血清酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性(P0.05),显著降低对虾的血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性(P0.05)。虽然LAB1036可提高实验对虾对亚硝酸盐的耐受性和对虾的耐低盐能力,但单因素方差分析显示各组之间死亡率差异不显著(P0.05),而LAB041和LAB1036均可显著降低对虾对高盐度的耐受性(P0.05)。     

乳酸菌对肠道黏膜免疫影响的研究进展

乳酸菌是人和动物体内最常见的原籍2群,其参与维系肠道内2群平衡,通过产生有机酸、细菌素等抗2物质抑制肠道内有害菌的生长.肠道上皮细胞可免疫识别定植在肠道内的乳酸菌及其片段,从而调节肠道黏膜免疫系统,促进淋巴细胞分化、提高sIgA的分泌、调节细胞因子的产生等,对动物机体的固有免疫和获得性免疫具有重要的影响.文章结合国内外研究结果,提出了乳酸2影响肠道免疫的4大前提条件,并从5个方面阐述了乳酸2对肠道黏膜免疫的影响.     

半胱胺对中华鳖生长性能和非特异性免疫功能的影响研究

试验研究了半胱胺对中华鳖生长性能和非特异性免疫功能的影响,并对其机理进行了初步探讨。选取750只健康、活泼的中华鳖,平均体重(220±10)g,分成5个组,每个组设3个重复,每个重复50只。对照组基础日粮中不添加半胱胺,其余各组为试验组,半胱胺添加方式及添加量如下:试验Ⅰ组断续添加(每6天添加一次,6000mg/kg);试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组、试验Ⅳ组分别每天连续添加500、1000和1500mg/kg。试验期90d。试验结果表明:半胱胺能够提高中华鳖成活率、增重率、摄食率和饲料效率,且连续添加效果好于断续添加,当半胱胺含量达到1000mg/kg时,中华鳖增重率、摄食率和饲料效率达到最高(P<0.05);半胱胺使中华鳖血清胃泌素水平升高,血清生长抑素水平降低;1000mg/kg半胱胺可以显著提高中华鳖肌肉RNA/DNA比率(P<0.05);半胱胺还可以增强中华鳖血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性,但不同添加方式及剂量之间无显著性差异,血清溶菌酶含量在500mg/kg半胱胺添加组最高(P<0.05)。由本试验结果可以看出,半胱胺对中华鳖具有促进生长、增强免疫的作用,是一种良好的生物添加剂,且其适宜添加量为每天连续添加1000mg/kg。     

轮状病毒感染肠上皮细胞激活宿主先天免疫研究进展

轮状病毒(RV)是引起婴幼儿、幼畜禽急性肠胃炎的人畜共患病原,常与其他病原体混合感染,多以呕吐,严重水样腹泻,脱水为临床症状,感染后具有较高病死率,对人类公共卫生以及养殖业造成极大危害.RV病原相关分子模式(PAMP)可被肠上皮细胞(IECs)中一组可遗传的模式识别受体(PRR)识别,通过IECs、先天免疫细胞与RV互...     

不同结构对囊素样肽的免疫活性影响

化学合成单拷贝（BS）、30拷贝串联（KG30）和30拷贝分支结构（MAP）3种不同结构的囊素样肽，通过体外外周血淋巴细胞刺激增殖试验、杂交瘤细胞抗体分泌刺激试验、E-玫瑰花环试验和体内小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能、新城疫疫苗免疫应答的测定，比较了其免疫增强活性。结果表明，BS和MAP的活性显著高于KG30，BS体外试验活性优于MAP，而MAP体内试验活性优于KS。结构对囊素的活性有显著影响，以分支结构的囊素增强免疫效果最好。     

Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Hydrolyzed Wheat Gluten on Growth Performance,Cell Immunity and Serum Biochemical Indices of Weaned Piglets （Sus scrofa）

To investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with hydrolyzed wheat gluten (HWG) on growth performance, cell immunity and serum biochemical indices of weaned piglets, 160 crossed (Large White×Landrace) and weaned piglets were randomly divided into 4 treatments with 4 replicates of 10 piglets each. The piglets in each treatment were fed an experimental diet containing either 0 g kg-1 HWG (control group), 30 g kg-1 HWG (3% HWG group), 50 g kg-1 HWG (5% HWG group), or 2.5 g kg-1 glycyl-L-glutamine (0.25% Gly-Gln group). The results showed that the diarrhea rates in 3% HWG and 5% HWG groups were significantly lower than in control group from d 1 to 14 (P＜0.05), while the average daily gain (ADG) in each of two groups was increased (P＞0.05). When compared with control group, dietary supplementation with 3% HWG increased the ratio of CD4+:CD8+ and the ratio of serum albumin and globulin concentrations (A:G) on d 14 and 28, as well as the proliferation of T- and B-lymphocytes (P＞0.05) on d 28. In addition, on d 14 and 28, the A:G ratio in 5% HWG group was significantly higher than in control group (P＜0.05), while the ratio of CD4+:CD8+ increased slightly (P＞0.05). Interestingly, 0.25% Gly-Gln group had higher proportion of CD3+ (P＞0.05) and CD4+ (P＜0.05) on d 14 than control group, but growth performances of 0.25% Gly-Gln group were negatively affected at all experiment stages. These results suggested that HWG might improve the growth performance of piglets by strengthening cell immunity and decreasing the occurrence of diarrhea during the prophase after weaning.     

Reactions on Nicotiana species to potato viruses A,X and Y and tobacco mosaic virus in relation to their taxonomy and geographical origin

When testing the response of species of the genusNicotiana to 14 isolates of potato viruses A (PVA), X (PVX) and Y (PVY) and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), sections and section parts of the genus could be divided into five groups according to the overall reaction of their species. Species from arid regions of australia and belonging to the sectionSuaveolentes (subgenusPetunioides) were most sensitive and least resistant, whereas the sectionsPaniculatae (subgenusRustica),Tomentosae (Tabacum) andNoctiflorae (Petunioides) appeared least sensitive and most resistant. Sixty-one percent of the accessions of the latter sections proved resistant to at least two of the viruses. The most resistant species have their main geographical distribution in the central Andes (southern Peru, Bolivia and north-western Argentina), where the viruses may have originated. One other resistant species wasN. africana (Suaveolentes) indigenous to south-western Africa. The most sensitive American sections, viz.Genuinae (Tabacum) andTrigonophyllae, Alatae, Acuminatae andBigelovianae (Petunioides), were generally more sensitive than species of theSuaveolentes section from outside the arid regions of Australia. The remaining part of the genus, viz. the American sectionsThyrsiflorae andRusticae (Rustica) andUndulatae, Repandea andNudicaules (Petunioides) was intermediate between the latter group ofSuaveolentes species and the resistant group of sections with regard to sensitivity and resistance, but had a high rate of tolerance to PVA, PVX and PVY and of hypersensitivity-associated resistance to TMV. The results indicate that the viral respons in the genusNicotiana is mainly determined geographically and to a lesser extent taxonomically.Samenvatting Na inoculatie van een grote collectieNicotiana-soorten met 14 isolaten van de aardappelvirussen A (PVA), X (PVX) en Y (PVY) en tabaksmozaïekvirus (TMV), konden de secties of sectiedelen van het genus op basis van de gemiddelde reactie van hun soorten in vijf groepen worden verdeeld. Soorten uit Australische woestijngebieden en taxonomisch behorend tot de sectieSuaveolentes (subgenusPetunioides) bleken het meest gevoelig en het minst resistent, terwijl de sectiesPaniculatae (subgenusRustica),Tomentosae (Tabacum) enNoctiflorae (Petunioides) het minst gevoelig en het meest resistent waren. Van de collectienummers van de laatstgenoemde secties bleek 61% resistentie tegen minstens twee van de virussen te bezitten. De meest resistente soorten hebben hun verspreidingsgebied vooral in het centrale deel van het Andesgebergte (het zuidelijk deel van Peru, Bolivia en noord-westelijk Argentinië). Mogelijk is dit het ontstaansgebied van deze virussen. De einge andere resistente soort wasN. africana (Suaveolentes) uit zuid-westelijk Afrika. De meest gevoelige Amerikaanse secties, te wetenGenuinae (Tabacum) enTrigonophyllae, Alatae, Acuminatae enBigelovianae (Petunioides), waren gemiddeld gevoeliger danSuaveolentes-soorten die niet uit de Australische woestijnen afkomstig zijn. Het resterende deel van het genus, bestaande uit de Amerikaanse sectiesThyrsiflorae enRusticae (Rustica) enUndulatae, Repandae enNudicaules (Petunioides), stond met betrekking tot gevoeligheid en resistentie tussen laatstgenoemd deel van de sectieSuaveolentes en de groep resistente secties in, maar vertoonde in hoge mate tolerantie voor PVA, PVX en PVY en met overgevoeligheid samengaande resistentie voor TMV. Uit de resultaten blijkt dat de reacties van het genusNicotiana op virussen vooral geografisch bepaald zijn en in mindere mate taxonomisch.     

Studies on the mechanism of vaccinal immunity to Marek''s disease

Current knowledge of the nature of the antigens and of the host immune responses in vaccinal immunity to Marek's disease is reviewed. It is suggested that a two-step mechanism of resistance operates. The first step involves humoral and cell-mediated responses directed against viral antigens; the second step occurs after challenge with Marek's disease virus and consists of cellmediated responses directed against tumour cells.