Bee pollen and propolis as dietary supplements for rabbit: Effect on reproductive performance of does and on immunological response of does and their offspring

To evaluate the effect of bee pollen (BP) and/or propolis (Pro) supplementation on rabbit does, 64 nulliparous NZW rabbits does were distributed among eight groups (eight animals/group). One unsupplemented group was the control; the other seven groups were supplemented, respectively, with zinc bacitracin (ZnB) at 100 mg, BP at 150 and 300 mg, Pro at 150 and 300 mg, BP+Pro at 150 and 300 mg of each three times/week, day after day continuously along eight parities. The BP300, Pro300 and BP+Pro150 groups had higher body weight of litter at birth and number of kids born alive. The BP supplementation at 150 mg increased plasma total protein and albumin than the control group. The BP or Pro at 150 mg decreased plasma T₃ than the other groups except for BP+Pro150. The ZnB group had significantly greater T₃/T₄ ratio compared to BP, Pro and BP+Pro at 150 mg. The BP+Pro150 group had less ALT than the control; BP300 and Pro 300 mg resulted in lower plasma AST than the groups Pro150 with or without BP and the control group. The plasma alkaline phosphatase of BP at 150 or 300 mg and BP+Pro150 was significantly greater than that of the Pro150 group. The BP+Pro300 group had higher WBCs than the other groups. In contrast, the lymphocytes were greater in the Pro and BP+Pro300 groups than in BP, Pro and BP+Pro at 150 mg. The groups supplemented with BP and BP+Pro at 150 and 300 mg had significantly greater SRBCs of doe rabbits and their offspring compared to the control and the ZnB group. The BP at 300 mg increased the serum albumin and α₁‐globulin than the control group. The Pro300 group had greater serum α₂‐globulin and β‐globulin than the control group. The total globulin was significantly greater for the 300 mg propolis‐supplemented groups than the control.     

Protein characterization using electrophoresis and immunofixation; a case‐based review of dogs and cats

Protein electrophoresis and immunotyping can be a useful adjunct to the standard biochemical techniques for characterizing serum and urine proteins. This paper reviews currently available and commonly used methods for diagnostic protein electrophoresis, including both agarose gel and capillary zone electrophoretic techniques and total protein assessments. Immunofixation and immunosubtraction methods for identification of immunoglobulin location and class are also presented. Practical application of quality assurance and quality control strategies in compliance with American Society of Veterinary Clinical Pathology (ASVCP) best practices are discussed. Commonly encountered serum and urine electrophoretic diagnostic patterns, including electrophoretically normal, acute‐phase protein responses, polyclonal gammopathies, restricted polyclonal/oligoclonal gammopathies, paraproteinemias (monoclonal or biclonal gammopathies), and Bence‐Jones proteinurias are also reviewed using relevant case material. Cases in which immunofixation electrophoresis are particularly useful are highlighted, and methodologies to more accurately quantify serum monoclonal proteins (M‐proteins), monitoring tests commonly used in human medicine, are discussed.     

Organic trace minerals on productive performance,egg quality and immune response in Bovans White laying hens

This study was performed in 360 laying Bovans White hens and aimed to evaluate the effect of Carbo‐Amino‐Phosphate‐Chelates (CAFQ) as a mineral premix and its 30% reduction by compared to inorganic trace minerals (ITM) concerning its performance, egg quality, tibia breaking strength and immunity. Sixty‐week‐old hens were assigned into three treatments with 10 replicates of 12 birds each. Treatments were as follows: (a) (100% ITM), (b) (100% CAFQ) and (c) (70% CAFQ). Based on the results obtained during 12 weeks, under the current test conditions, improved yolk colour (p < 0.05); shell breaking strength (p < 0.05); and storage time (p < 0.05) were observed in hens fed with a diet reduced by 70% in CAFQ inclusion showed similar performance behaviour and better egg breaking strength regarding with ITM, suggesting the possibility of minimizing the inclusion of trace minerals in laying hen diets improving environmental impact, in contrast to the use of inorganic sources of minerals.     

急性热应激对山羊血液生化指标及血淋巴细胞热休克蛋白70家族基因表达的影响

旨在研究急性热应激对山羊抗氧化能力、免疫功能和血淋巴细胞热休克蛋白70(HSP70)家族基因表达的影响。本试验选取5只健康、体况接近的(12±0.5)月龄波尔山羊×关中奶山羊杂交F1母羊,饲养于环控舱内(温度维持20℃,相对湿度60%),适应5d。第6天利用环控舱对5只试验羊进行38℃急性热应激处理12h,采集热应激前(0h,20℃)和热应激后2、4、8和12h试验羊血样。分别利用比色法测定血清抗氧化指标(总抗氧化能力、超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性和丙二醛含量),ELISA法测定血清免疫指标(免疫球蛋白和细胞因子含量),实时荧光定量PCR法测定血淋巴细胞HSP70家族基因(HSPA1A、HSPA6和HSPA8)mRNA的表达量。结果显示:1)热应激时间对血清抗氧化指标有显著影响。与热应激前0h相比,血清T-AOC(P<0.05)、SOD(P<0.05)和GSH-Px(P<0.01)活性均在热应激8h后显著下降,MDA含量在热应激4h后显著增加(P<0.05)。2)热应激时间对血清免疫指标有显著影响。与热应激前0h相比,血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IFN-γ和IL-2含量分别在热应激4、8、8和4h后显著增加(P<0.05);IL-4(P<0.01)、IgG(P<0.01)、IgM(P<0.01)和IgA(P<0.05)含量分别在热应激12、4、4和4h后显著下降。3)热应激时间显著提高血淋巴细胞中HSP70家族基因(HSPA1A、HSPA6和HSPA8)的表达量。HSPA1AmRNA表达量呈先升高后下降的趋势,在热应激4h时达到峰值,各检测时间点均显著高于应激前水平(P<0.01);HSPA6mRNA表达量在热应激2h时显著升高(P<0.01),4h后恢复到应激前水平(P>0.05);HSPA8mRNA表达量在热应激4(P<0.05)、8(P<0.01)、12h(P<0.01)时显著高于应激前水平。在本试验条件下,38℃急性热应激能够抑制山羊的免疫和抗氧化功能;提高血淋巴细胞HSPA1A、HSPA6和HSPA8基因的表达量,其中HSPA1A对热应激温度和时间更敏感,可作为山羊热应激早期的分子标志物。     

烟曲霉感染对肉鸡部分免疫指标的影响

为了研究烟曲霉感染对肉鸡血清免疫球蛋白(Ig)、γ干扰素(IFN-γ)浓度及传染性法氏囊病(IBD)抗体效价的影响,选用96只15日龄罗斯308肉鸡,随机分成试验组和对照组,每组4个重复,每个重复12只鸡。试验组连续滴注霉菌孢子5 d,对照组滴注生理盐水。试验后的第3、4和5天,分别从试验组和对照组每个重复随机抽出2只鸡进行剖检诊断和实验室检测;试验后的第7 (21日龄)和14天(28日龄),分别检测肉鸡血清中Ig A、Ig G、Ig M、IFN-γ和IBD抗体水平。结果:试验后的第3～5天,试验组鸡血液中均分离到烟曲霉;试验组鸡血清中Ig A、Ig G和Ig M浓度均极显著低于对照组(P<0. 01),血清中IFN-γ的浓度极显著高于对照组(P<0. 01),血清中IBD抗体效价极显著低于对照组(P<0. 01)。研究表明烟曲霉菌感染能显著降低肉鸡的免疫功能。     

复合微生态制剂对肉仔鸡生长性能、肠道菌群和免疫功能的影响

为研究探讨肉仔鸡日粮中添加不同剂量的复合微生态制剂对肉仔鸡生长性能、肠道菌群和免疫功能的影响,以期为复合微生态制剂的临床应用提供参考依据,将150只AA白羽肉仔鸡随机分成5个处理组(对照组、抗生素组、复合微生态制剂Ⅰ组、复合微生态制剂Ⅱ组、复合微生态制剂Ⅲ组),对照组饲喂基础日粮,抗生素组在基础日粮中添加0.05%的肉鸡饲用金霉素,复合微生态制剂Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加0.05%、0.1%、0.2%的复合微生态制剂,测定平均日增重、平均日采食量、料重比、大肠杆菌数、沙门氏菌数、双歧杆菌数、乳酸杆菌数、胸腺指数、法氏囊指数、IgG含量、IgA含量、IgM含量等指标。结果显示,与对照组相比,复合微生态制剂Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组可显著增加平均日采食量、平均日增重、乳酸杆菌数、双歧杆菌数、胸腺指数、脾脏指数、法氏囊指数、IgA含量和IgG含量(P<0.05),显著降低料重比、大肠杆菌和沙门菌数(P<0.05)。与抗生素组相比,复合微生态制剂Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组可显著增加乳酸杆菌数、双歧杆菌数、胸腺指数、脾脏指数、法氏囊指数、IgA含量和IgG含量(P<0.05),显著降低料重比、大肠杆菌和沙门菌数(P<0.05)。表明肉仔鸡饲料中添加0.1%、0.2%的复合微生态制剂可显著改善提高肉仔鸡的生长性能、肠道菌群和免疫功能,其在改善肠道菌群和免疫功能方面的作用效果显著优于抗生素。     

棉籽糖对大鼠免疫功能及抗氧化作用的影响

为了研究棉籽糖对SD大鼠免疫功能及抗氧化作用的影响,选用30日龄80只SD大鼠,随机分为4组,每组10只,设2个重复,每重复10只,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ分别在基础日粮中添加0.05%,0.15%,0.3%棉籽糖,试验期40d,测定大鼠免疫功能及抗氧化性能指标。结果表明,与对照组比较,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组大鼠血液中白细胞、淋巴细胞数量升高,可促进免疫器官发育,提高T淋巴细胞阳性率;棉籽糖能提高血清中SOD、GSH-Px活性,降低血清中H2O2、MDA的含量。因此,棉籽糖可增强大鼠机体的免疫力,提高抗氧化作用,在日粮中适宜添加量为0.15%。     

锌和维生素C对热应激条件下肉鸡生长性能和免疫反应的影响

文章旨在研究日粮单独或联合使用锌和维生素C对高温条件下肉鸡生长性能和免疫反应的影响。试验选择320只1d肉仔鸡,根据体重随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复20只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮(锌含量为40mg/kg),处理1组在基础日粮中添加60mg/kg锌,处理2组在基础日粮中添加200mg维生素C,处理3组在基础日粮中添加60mg/kg锌+300mg/kg维生素C,试验共开展35d。在试验第21~35天对鸡只进行热应激诱导,即25℃12h,25~34℃3h,34℃6h,34~25℃3h。结果显示:处理组较对照组均显著提高了肉鸡的采食量、体增重(P<0.05),显著降低了料比(P<0.05)。日粮同时添加锌和维生素C组肉鸡采食量和体增重最高(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,日粮添加60mg/kg锌、200mg/kg维生素C或锌和维生素C联合使用的肉鸡脾脏、胸腺和法氏囊重量显著提高(P<0.05)。60mg/kg锌+200mg/kg维生素C和200mg/kg维生素C组较对照组显著提高了新城疫、传染性法氏囊炎和传染性支气管炎的抗体滴度(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,60mg/kg锌+200mg/kg维生素C、200mg/kg维生素C组和60mg/kg锌组显著提高了血液白细胞总数、淋巴细胞和单核细胞占比(P<0.05)。结论:在本试验条件下,日粮单独或联合添加锌和维生素C均可显著改善热应激条件下肉鸡的生长性能和免疫状态。     

响应面法优化鸡α干扰素工程菌发酵培养基

本研究采用单因素试验和响应面法相结合的方式优化毕赤酵母重组菌的发酵培养基,以提高毕赤酵母发酵液的生物量。首先,通过单因素试验确定最优碳、氮源分别为甘油和NH4H2PO4;然后,采用Plackett-Burman试验、最陡爬坡试验及Box-Behnken响应面分析并结合Design Expert统计分析软件构建响应方程。利用该方程预测得到最佳培养基配方:甘油46g/L,NH4H2PO414g/L,K2SO418g/L,MgSO415g/L,CaSO41.0g/L,KH2PO45g/L,KOH1.5g/L,初始pH6.96,PTM1盐4.4mL/L。此条件下毕赤酵母发酵后湿重具有最高值为175.54g/L,生物量比优化前提高了50%,并且培养基成本低廉,成分简单,方便调控,适合大规模发酵生产。     

发酵小麦麸皮及其在动物生产中的应用

小麦麸皮作为一种来源广泛的饲料原料,富含碳水化合物、膳食纤维和矿物质,但因其粗纤维和抗营养因子含量高,在畜禽生产中没有得到充分利用。利用微生物发酵技术可显著提高小麦麸皮的营养价值,提高蛋白质和氨基酸含量,降低抗营养因子含量,生成富含生物活性物质、绿色健康的生物保健饲料,提高其在动物生产中的利用价值。本文主要综述了发酵小麦麸皮的研究进展及在动物生产中的应用现状,为发酵麸皮以后的开发及利用提供参考。