Sequence Analysis and Prokaryotic Expression of NSP1 Gene of Bovine Rotavirus UK Strain

Rotavirus is a major cause of acute diarrhea in both many kinds of young animals and children under 5 years old.Rotavirus NSP1, a 55 ku RNA binding protein, is the product of gene 5, which can subvert innate immune responses and be one of virulent determinant factors.According to the sequence in GenBank, specific primers targeting to NSP1 gene were designed and the gene was amplified by RT-PCR, following by being cloned into the pET-28a(+) vector.It showed that the full length of NSP1 gene was 1 473 bp, encoding 491 amino acids.The NSP1 shared the highest identity with WC3 strain.The recombinant protein was induced in E.coli Rosetta(DE3) by IPTG and was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting.The results revealed that NSP1 recombinant protein existed in the form of inclusion body with the molecular weight of 55 ku.The purified recombinant protein could be recognized by His-tag antibody.This study laid the foundation for further research on the relationship between the intracytoplasmic location of NSP1 protein and its activity.     

苦参碱对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞增殖、凋亡及抗氧化能力的影响

【目的】探究苦参碱对体外培养的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞(BMECs)增殖、凋亡及抗氧化能力的影响。【方法】利用含0(A组),25(B组),50(C组),75(D组)和100μg/mL(E组)苦参碱的培养基培养奶牛乳腺上皮细胞。通过四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法检测BMECs活性,采用流式细胞仪(AnnexinV/PI双染法)检测苦参碱对BMECs凋亡的影响,并检测苦参碱对BMECs抗氧化酶活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响,采用real-time PCR对BMECs中Caspase-3、p53、STAT1和SOCS3基因的相对表达量进行检测。【结果】用药5d时,低质量浓度(25和50μg/mL)苦参碱对BMECs增殖具有促进作用,高质量浓度(75和100μg/mL)苦参碱对细胞增殖具有抑制作用;B~E组BMECs的凋亡率均极显著高于A组(P0.01);B~E组BMECs培养上清液中NO和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)水平明显高于A组。B~E组BMECs的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均比A组高,其中C组极显著高于A组(P0.01);B~E组的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性均极显著高于A组(P0.01),E组的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平极显著高于A组(P0.01),各组MDA含量无显著性差异。与A组相比,苦参碱上调了B~E组BMECs中Caspase-3、p53、STAT1和SOCS3基因的相对表达量。【结论】低质量浓度苦参碱能够促进BMECs增殖,高质量浓度苦参碱则会抑制BMECs增殖;不同质量浓度苦参碱均可提高BMECs的抗氧化能力,其中50μg/mL苦参碱提高BMECs抗氧化能力的效果最明显。     

口蹄疫疫苗对牛的应用效果调查

牛口蹄疫是传染性疾病,为研究青海省峰堆乡口蹄疫疫苗的免疫效果,于2018—2019年对该乡的7个村开展牛口蹄疫疫苗免疫效果调查,共调查牛634头,7个村总体的口蹄疫合格率为100.00%和97.56%,最低合格率为81.63%和88.63%。为更好地控制该类疾病发生流行,提升免疫效果,该文探讨口蹄疫疫苗免疫失败原因,并制定了相应的预防措施。     

白藜芦醇通过激活去乙酰化酶1/腺苷一磷酸激活的蛋白激酶信号通路影响牛脂肪细胞凋亡

本试验旨在研究植物提取物白藜芦醇(RES)对牛皮下脂肪细胞凋亡率以及去乙酰化酶1(SIRT1)/腺苷一磷酸激活的蛋白激酶(AMPK)信号通路关键因子的mRNA和蛋白质表达量的影响。选取18月龄鲁西黄牛的皮下前体脂肪细胞,在细胞分化的第0天,更换为RES浓度分别为0(对照)、100、200和400μmol/L的培养液处理48 h,每组设3个重复。应用Hoechst33342染色检测细胞凋亡的形态学变化,流式细胞分析仪检测细胞凋亡率,荧光定量PCR(q PCR)和免疫印迹试验(Western-blot)分别检测SIRT1/AMPK信号通路上的关键因子SIRT1、A MPKα、叉头转录因子1(Fox O1)、B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病-2(Bcl-2)、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-3(caspase-3)、促凋亡蛋白Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)的mRNA和蛋白质表达量,并利用油红O染色鉴定脂肪细胞。结果表明,与对照组相比:不同浓度RES处理后的牛皮下脂肪细胞凋亡率均极显著增高(P0.01);不同浓度RES处理后的SIRT1、AMPKα、caspase-3、Bax的mRNA表达量均显著或极显著提高(P0.05或P0.01),Bcl-2的mRNA表达量极显著降低(P0.01);不同浓度RES处理后的SIRT1、AMPKα、caspase-3的蛋白质表达量均显著或极显著提高(P0.05或P0.01);200和400μmol/L RES处理后,Fox O1的mRNA和蛋白质表达量显著或极显著提高(P0.05或P0.01),Bax的蛋白质表达量极显著提高(P0.01),Bcl-2的蛋白质表达量极显著降低(P0.01)。100μmol/L RES处理后时,Fox O1的mRNA和蛋白质表达量以及Bcl-2、Bax的蛋白质表达量均与对照组差异不显著(P0.05)。由此可见,RES通过激活SIRT1/AM PK信号通路,同时激活通路下游的Fox O1,促进了牛皮下脂肪细胞的凋亡,为通过营养调控技术降低牛皮下脂肪沉积提供了一定的理论基础。     

Detection of Ureaplasma diversum in the upper airways of Australian feedlot cattle

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) exerts a major impact on the beef cattle industry nationally and worldwide, with a range of aetiological factors impacting its pathogenesis. Previous research has focussed on an increasing number of bacteria and viruses that have been shown to play a role in eliciting disease. Recently, additional agents have been emerging as potential contributors to BRD, including the opportunistic pathogen Ureaplasma diversum. To determine if U. diversum was present in Australian feedlot cattle and if that presence was linked to BRD, nasal swabs were collected from a cohort of 34 hospital pen animals and compared to 216 apparently healthy animals sampled contemporaneously at feedlot induction and again after 14 days on feed at an Australian feedlot. All samples were subjected to a de novo polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting U. diversum in combination with other BRD agents. U. diversum was detected at a low prevalence in cattle at induction (Day 0: 6.9%, Day 14: 9.7%), but in a significantly greater proportion of cattle sampled from the hospital pen (58.8%). When considering the presence of other BRD-associated agents, co-detection of U. diversum and Mycoplasma bovis was most common in hospital pen animals receiving treatment for BRD. These findings suggest that U. diversum may be an opportunistic pathogen involved in the aetiology of BRD in Australian feedlot cattle, in combination with other agents, with further studies are warranted to identify if a causal relationship exists.     

消化酶及胎牛血清对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞培养的影响

试验研究了不同浓度及组合消化酶对奶牛乳腺组织分离的影响以及不同FBS浓度培养基对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞纯化和生长的影响。试验结果表明,0.25%胰酶＋0.20%Ⅱ胶原酶对组织块分离效果最好,乳腺上皮细胞生长最多,5%与10%浓度FBS对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞纯化效果最好,5%与10%浓度FBS对细胞生长没有明显的差异（P〉0.05...     

Humanized mice in infectious diseases

The pathogenesis of infectious agents with human tropism can only be properly studied in an in vivo model featuring human cells or tissue. Humanized mice represent a small animal model featuring human cells or tissue that can be infected by human-specific viruses, bacteria, and parasites and also providing a functional human immune system. This makes the analysis of a human immune response to infection possible and allows for preclinical testing of new vaccines and therapeutic agents. Results of various studies using humanized mice to investigate pathogens with human tropism are presented in this review. In addition, the limitations of humanized mice and methods to improve this valuable animal model are discussed.     

GMP玻璃化冷冻未成熟牛卵母细胞核成熟及冷冻损伤试验

本试验通过荧光染色的方法建立了未成熟牛卵母细胞在体外培养过程中第1次减数分裂的各个阶段的参考判定图谱;根据这个标准来观察毛细玻璃管(GMP)玻璃化冷冻对卵母细胞核成熟和冷冻损伤的影响。结果表明,从屠宰场废弃的卵巢表面卵泡内抽取的COCs,70%处于生发泡期,12.5%生发泡开始破裂,7.5%已开始浓缩,这说明从屠宰场获得的COCs有较高的异质性;卵母细胞在成熟培养22h时收获排出第一极体的卵母细胞,可得到丰度较高的极体-胞质染色体对称、紧密相邻的成熟卵母细胞;GMP玻璃化冷冻损伤主要有2种表现形式,首先,直接影响膜结构的完整性,包括细胞膜和核膜,这可从退化的细胞比例看出(8～24h,有21.9%～27.2%的细胞处于该阶段),其次,影响CONDENSED向MⅠ期的过渡,这可从处于CONDENSED卵母细胞的比例看出(8～24h,有24.1%～34.3%的细胞处于该阶段)。     

Of rodents and ruminants: a comparison of small noncoding RNA requirements in mouse and bovine reproduction

Ruminants are major producers of meat and milk, thus managing their reproductive potential is a key element in cost-effective, safe, and efficient food production. Of particular concern, defects in male germ cells and female germ cells may lead to significantly reduced live births relative to fertilization. However, the underlying molecular drivers of these defects are unclear. Small noncoding RNAs, such as piRNAs and miRNAs, are known to be important regulators of germ-cell physiology in mouse (the best-studied mammalian model organism) and emerging evidence suggests that this is also the case in a range of ruminant species, in particular bovine. Similarities exist between mouse and bovids, especially in the case of meiotic and postmeiotic male germ cells. However, fundamental differences in small RNA abundance and metabolism between these species have been observed in the female germ cell, differences that likely have profound impacts on their physiology. Further, parentally derived small noncoding RNAs are known to influence early embryos and significant species-specific differences in germ-cell born small noncoding RNAs have been observed. These findings demonstrate the mouse to be an imperfect model for understanding germ-cell small noncoding RNA biology in ruminants and highlight the need to increase research efforts in this underappreciated aspect of animal reproduction.