In vitro Selection of DNAAptamers and Fluorescence-Based Recognition for Rapid Detection Listeria monocytogenes

Aptamers are specific nucleic acid sequences that can bind to a wide range of nucleic acid and non-nucleic acid targets with high affinity and specificity. Nucleic acid aptamers are selected in vitro from single stranded DNA or RNA ligands containing random sequences of up to a few hundred nucleotides. Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment （SELEX） was used to select and PCR amplify DNA sequences （aptamers） capable of binding to and detecting Listeria monocytogenes, one of the major food-borne pathogens. A simplified affinity separation approach was employed, in which L. monocytogenes in exponential （log） phase of growth was used as the separation target. A fluorescently-labeled aptamer assay scheme was devised for detecting L. monoeytogenes. This report described a novel approach to the detection of L. monocytogenes using DNA aptamers. Aptamers were developed by nine rounds of SELEX. A high affinity aptamer was successfully selected from the initial random DNA pool, and its secondary structure was also investigated. One of aptamers named e01 with the highest affinity was further tested in aptamer-peroxidase and aptamer-fluorescence staining protocols. This study has proved the principle that the whole-cell SELEX could be a promising technique to design aptamer-based molecular probes for dectection of pathogenic microorganisms without tedious isolation and purification of complex markers or targets.     

Effect of Crop-Straw Derived Biochars on Pb(Ⅱ) Adsorption in Two Variable Charge Soils

Two variable charge soils were incubated with biochars derived from straws of peanut, soybean, canola, and rice to investigate the effect of the biochars on their chemical properties and Pb（II） adsorption using batch experiments. The results showed soil cation exchange capacity （CEC） and pH significantly increased after 30 d of incubation with the biochars added. The incorporation of the biochars markedly increased the adsorption of Pb（II）, and both the electrostatic and non-electrostatic adsorption mechanisms contributed to Pb（II） adsorption by the variable charge soils. Adsorption isotherms illustrated legume- straw derived biochars more greatly increased Pb（II） adsorption on soils through the non-electrostatic mechanism via the formation of surface complexes between Pb（II） and acid functional groups of the biochars than did non-legume straw biochars. The adsorption capacity of Pb（II） increased, while the desorption amount slightly decreased with the increasing suspension pH for the studied soils, especially in a high suspension pH, indicating that precipitation also plays an important role in immobilizing Pb（II） to the soils.     

Proteomic Analysis of Wheat Seed in Response to Drought Stress

Drought stress is one of the major factors affecting in wheat yield and grain quality. In order to investigate how drought stress might influence wheat quality during grain filling, three wheat cultivars Gaocheng 8901, Jagger and Nongda 3406 were subjected to drought stress during the grain filling stage. Neither globulin and glutenin, nor the relative percentage ofamylose significantly changed following drought treatments, whereas albumin and gliadin concentrations did. The SDS-sedimentation, which has a strong linear correlation with wheat baking quality was markedly decreased following drought stress. These results indicated that drought had an adverse effect on wheat qualit3,. In order to investigate the protein complexes in the wheat flour, the data from native PAGE and SDS-PAGE were combined and a total of 14 spots were successfully identified, and of these eight protein types were determined to be potential complex forming proteins.     

资丘木瓜产地干燥加工方法的研究

[目的]比较产地直接干燥方法和药典加工方法对资丘木瓜药材质量的影响,确定适合资丘木瓜的产地加工方法。[方法]采用直接干燥的加工方法与药典加工方法对资丘木瓜的新鲜果实进行干燥加工,对加工后的药材进行折干率、水分含量、醇溶性浸出物含量、总灰分、酸度、齐墩果酸含量、熊果酸含量的测定比较。[结果]2种加工方法的药材,在外观性状上无明显差异;其折干率、总灰分、酸度之间的差异不显著,而含水量与醇溶性浸出物含量之间存在显著性差异。传统方法加工的药材中齐墩果酸和熊果酸含量之和高于药典加工方法,但2种加工方法无显著性差异。[结论]综合能源消耗和干燥效果考虑,资丘木瓜药材产地采用直接干燥的加工方法较为适宜。     

基于物联网的英国智能农业进展研究

物联网(IOT,Internet of Things)技术是世界第三次信息产业革命的代表,将其应用到农业生产管理领域,使农业生产由传统农业转变为智能农业。介绍了物联网、智能农业的相关概念,并以英国发展智能农业为例,分别阐述了英国农业发展的历史阶段、物联网环境下英国智能农业的实施基础以及物联网技术在英国农业种植业、畜牧业、农产品与食品安全领域的应用现状,呈现了英国现代农业的精细化、智能化,为我国农业信息化建设提供经验借鉴。     

红外光谱结合聚类分析鉴别青海枸杞产地

采用傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）对枸杞样品产地模式进行鉴别.用常规预处理方法和小波变换法对红外光谱原始数据进行了预处理,利用聚类分析对已预处理后的红外光谱数据进行分析.聚类分析将12份样品聚为枸杞主产地和非主产地两大类,取得了较满意的分类效果.红外光谱法结合聚类分析法可作为枸杞产域分类鉴别的一种新的适用方法.     

转Bt基因棉对棉铃虫影响的研究进展

综述了国内转Bt基因棉对棉铃虫生长发育、行为习性、种群消长、天敌影响的研究进展,探讨其成因机制并提出了建议。     

HBV衣壳蛋白装配抑制剂的研究进展

乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)是一种常见的嗜肝性病原体,全球约有4亿人感染,带来严重的社会问题和经济负担。虽然目前已有预防和治疗HBV的药物,但由于耐药性等问题不能彻底清除病毒感染,新药开发依然迫在眉睫。介绍了HBV的病毒结构、复制和感染过程,对现有治疗药物的优缺点进行了总结。对以衣壳蛋白装配为靶点的新药研究进展进行综述,旨在为今后开发抗HBV的新药提供参考。     

基于IOS的农产品追溯查询信息的OLAP展示

随着国家农垦局农产品追溯系统的推广,如何更好地发挥数据中心的大量追溯查询信息的作用需要进一步研究。就此提出基于IOS平台来构建农产品追溯查询信息的OLAP展现的思路,并对系统的构架、多维数据模型设计、WEB服务器程序以及IOS客户端UI展示的实现等进行了重点介绍。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法同时测定发酵豆制品中4种大豆异黄酮

[目的]采用固相萃取一高效液相色谱法同时测定大豆发酵制品中的异黄酮含量。[方法]以乳酸、霉菌发酵大豆样品为试材,将发酵豆制品以60％的乙醇溶液超声波提取1h,稀释后用SPE小柱做净化处理,以C18反相色谱柱（4．6mm×250．0mm,5．0μm）,0．2％甲酸和乙腈进行梯度洗脱、流速为1．2ml／min、紫外检测波长260nm,同时测定4种大豆异黄酮含量。[结果]试验得出,发酵豆制品中4种大豆异黄酮的平均回收率分别为大豆甙96．7％、染料木甙97．9％、大豆甙元102．2％、染料木素103．1％。[结论]该方法可同时测定发酵豆制品中4种大豆异黄酮成分,数据准确,重现性好。