m6A表观遗传修饰及其调控机制研究进展

N⁶-甲基腺嘌呤（N⁶-methyladenosine,m⁶A）修饰是现阶段发现的真核生物体内最广泛的RNA表观遗传修饰方式,近年来研究显示,m⁶A在真核生物间具有较高的保守性,在基因表达及细胞命运调控中发挥着关键作用,且对mRNA的可变剪接、定位、翻译及稳定性有较大影响。现有的m⁶A修饰检测技术可以较为准确、高效地检测出生物样本中的m⁶A修饰丰度,并能快速、简便地进行m⁶A修饰的高通量测序,以及在单碱基分辨率下检测m⁶A修饰在RNA上的位置。尽管m⁶A修饰相关调控蛋白对畜禽复杂经济性状的影响近年来已有少量报道,但其中的作用机制仍未得到充分阐明。大量人类及模式生物上的研究表明,m⁶A修饰相关蛋白能够影响生长发育、繁殖、热应激、炎症及癌症等生物学过程,为探究畜禽m⁶A修饰参与复杂性状调控机制提供一定的借鉴意义。作者主要从m⁶A甲基化修饰相关蛋白（甲基转移酶、去甲基化酶及读取蛋白）、m⁶A检测技术、m⁶A对哺乳动物复杂性状的调控机制、m⁶A与其他表观修饰的互作机制等方面进行阐述,为m⁶A在畜禽遗传育种中的应用提供新的见解。     

利用血液维生素A的相对剂量反应评价肉仔鸡维生素A营养状况的研究

试验1采用完全随机试验设计 ,将360只1日龄健康艾维茵肉仔鸡称重后随机分为12组 ,每组30只。其中 ,锌设0、5、40和80mg/kg4个添加水平 ;VA设0、3000和6000IU/kg3个添加水平 ,共构成12组。试验2也采用完全随机试验设计 ,将450只1日龄健康艾维茵肉仔鸡称重后随机分为15组 ,每组30只。其中 ,锌设25、65、145、305和625mg/kg5个添加水平 ,VA设3000、6000和12000IU/kg3个添加水平 ,共组成15组。通过研究日粮锌与VA水平对肉仔鸡生产性能、VA代谢和血清VA浓度的相对剂量反应(RDR)的影响 ,初探利用RDR评价肉仔鸡VA营养状况的可能性。结果表明 :在本试验条件下 ,应用血清VA的RDR值可监测肉仔鸡的VA营养状况 ,结合血清VA浓度可以判断引起血清VA浓度低下的原因 ,是由于日粮VA本身供给不足所致 ,还是由于其它原因引起的。但当日粮VA增加至一定水平时 ,RDR对机体的VA营养状况反映不敏感     

Influence of Disease Process and Duration on Acute Phase Proteins in Serum and Peritoneal Fluid of Horses with Colic

Background

The acute phase proteins (APP) serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin, and fibrinogen are valuable blood biomarkers in equine inflammatory diseases, but knowledge of factors influencing their concentrations in blood and peritoneal fluid (PF) of horses with colic is needed.

Objectives

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of demographics (age, sex, breed), disease process (simple obstruction, strangulating obstruction, inflammatory), disease location, disease duration, hypovolemia, and admission hospital on concentrations of APP, lactate and white blood cell counts (WBC) in horses with colic admitted to 2 referral hospitals.

Animals

The study included 367 horses with colic admitted at 2 referral hospitals.

Methods

Prospective multicenter observational study of clinical data, as well as blood and PF biomarkers. Associations between biomarker concentrations and clinical variables were analyzed using multivariate linear regression analysis.

Results

Increasing pre‐admission duration of colic was associated with increased concentrations of APP in blood and PF. Blood concentrations of SAA and fibrinogen were associated with disease process (inflammatory, strangulations, simple obstructions) in more colic duration groups (5–12 and >24 hours) than any of the other biomarkers. No relevant associations between demographic factors, hospital, or hydration status and the measured biomarkers were found.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

In horses with colic, concentrations of APP are associated mainly with disease process and duration of colic and may thus be used for assessment of disease independently of demographic or geographic factors. Serum amyloid A may be a diagnostic marker for use in colic differential diagnosis, but further evaluation is needed.     

模拟干旱和盐胁迫下沙冬青种子硬实特性和抗逆性的研究

将1~5 d内每天吸胀的沙冬青(Ammopiptanthus mongolicus)种子视为不同硬实程度的种子T₁,T₂,T₃,T₄和T₅,与第5 d仍未吸胀的硬实种子(记作T_r)作为试材对其硬实特性和抗逆性进行研究,以期为沙冬青种子栽培驯化提供理论依据。结果表明:随着硬实程度的提高,种子的发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数呈上升趋势;电导率和丙二醛(MDA)含量逐渐下降;可溶性蛋白含量逐渐上升。不同处理对种子的硬实破除效果表明,80℃热水浸泡种子可达到最佳破除效果。通过测定模拟干旱胁迫和盐胁迫下不同硬实程度种子的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和脯氨酸(Pro)含量,表明在相同逆境条件下,随硬实程度的加深,除极个别外,各项指标值均有不同程度的升高,且一定胁迫强度下硬实种子萌发幼苗的各酶活性和脯氨酸含量均极显著高于其他萌发幼苗(P<0.01),因此,硬实种子比非硬实种子有较强的保护酶调节系统。硬实程度越高,耐旱和耐盐能力也随之升高。     

Isolation of Pasteurella haemolytica and correlation with serum antibody response in clinically normal beef calves

Bacteria from the nasal cavity and trachea were cultured, and serum antibody titers determined for Pasteurella haemolytica serotype 1 in 164 beef calves obtained from a closed herd on range pasture. At the first sampling, P. haemolytica serotype 1 was cultured from 16.4% of the calves. Antibody titers were determined by a quantitative fluorimetric method and the mean titer was 9.5 +/- 5.8. Fifty-seven randomly selected calves were used to study the correlation of serum antibody response and positive culture of P. haemolytica under natural conditions. Clinical signs of respiratory disease were not observed in those calves. During the observation periods, there was a two-fold increase in the percentage of calves that were culture positive. There was no significant difference between mean serum antibody titers or frequency distribution of antibody titers from the two samplings. Comparisons between serum antibody titers, rise in titers, and P. haemolytica isolation failed to reveal any significant correlation. Of the 9 calves that had a decline in antibody titer to P. haemolytica, none was culture positive. Seroconversion to respiratory viruses did not correlate with P. haemolytica related variables.     

The response of phospholipase C/protein kinase C and adenylyl cyclase/protein kinase A pathways in porcine theca interna cells to opioid agonist FK 33-824

Opioids were found as factors affecting porcine ovarian steroidogenesis. The mechanism of opioid action, however, on porcine theca interna cells is completely unknown. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the possible involvement of two intracellular pathways, phospholipase C/protein kinase C and adenylyl cyclase/protein kinase A, in opioid signal transduction in porcine theca cells treated with mu opioid receptor agonist, FK 33-824. Incubation of the cells for 4 h with FK 33-824 at the dose 1 nM resulted in decreases in inositol phosphate accumulation as well as androstenedione (A(4)), testosterone (T), and estradiol (E(2)) secretions. Protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors, staurosporine (1-100 nM), D-sphingosine (10-500 nM), and PKCi (100-2000 nM), both added alone and together with the opioid agonist, depressed release of the steroid hormones. PKC activator, phorbol ester (PMA, 1-100 nM), used alone was without effect on theca cell steroidogenesis, but added in combination with FK 33-824 abolished inhibitory influence of the opioid on A(4), T, and E(2) output. The steroid hormone secretion by PKC-deficient theca cells was inhibited by the opioid agonist. FK 33-824 also suppressed PKC activity reducing [(3)H]PDBu specific binding to theca cells, whereas ionomycin (a positive control) increased labeled phorbol ester binding to the cells. In the next experiment, cAMP release from theca cells during 2 and 4 h incubations with FK 33-824 (1-100 nM), naloxone (10 microM; opioid receptor antagonist), and LH (100 ng/mL; a positive control) was examined. FK 33-824 at the dose 1 nM inhibited cAMP secretion during 2 h incubation, but had no effect during longer incubation. LH in a manner independent on incubation time multiplied cAMP release. Protein kinase A inhibitor, PKAi (100-2000 nM), alone and in combination with FK 33-824 (1 nM), inhibited A(4), T, and E(2) secretions by theca cells. PKA activator, 8BrcAMP (10-1000 microM), stimulated the steroid hormone release, but this stimulatory effect was diminished in the presence of FK 33-824. The results allow to suggest that opioid peptides affect porcine theca cell steroidogenesis and their acute action on the cells is connected with the inhibition of phospholipase C/protein kinase C and adenylyl cyclase/protein kinase A signal transduction systems.     

围产期奶牛能量代谢障碍性疾病的防治进展

奶牛代谢性疾病给奶牛饲养业造成重大经济损失。因此 ,如何搞好奶牛的饲养管理 ,减少代谢病的发生 ,充分发挥其生产潜力 ,是当前奶牛代谢病防治工作中亟待解决的问题。本文主要阐述了围产期奶牛能量代谢障碍病的危害、病因及防治措施     

泰乐菌素组份转化机制的研究

泰乐菌素发酵过程中,ＰＨ值的控制及豆油的补加量对组份的转化存在显著影响。研究结果表明,在转化阶段当ＰＨ值控制在适当范围内,对不菌素效价影响不大,但可大大提高泰乐菌素Ａ的含量;同时在发酵中期及转化前这一阶段补加适量豆油,不仅可使效价逐步提高,还中明显促进大菌Ｃ向泰乐菌素Ａ的转化。     

蓝茎冰草种子产量与施氮量和密度互作的模型分析

通过3因素5水平二次通用正交旋转组合设计方案,建立回归模型,进行解析、寻优和频数分析。结果表明:各试验因素对蓝茎冰草(Pascopyrum smithii)种子产量影响的大小顺序为施氮量(X₂)>植株密度(X₁)>喷施PP 333(X₃);施氮量与植株密度的互作效应对种子产量的作用为协同效应;同时得出了3因素对种子产量的优化配比方案:植株密度429.4~450×10⁴株/hm²,施氮量160~164.9kg/hm²,喷施PP 333量0.197~0.233 a.i.kg/hm²。