茶叶多糖的组成及免疫活性研究

用粗老茶制备茶多糖 (TPS)的粗品 (TPS1) ,经脱蛋白处理并过凝胶柱纯化后得TPS的纯品 (TPS2 ) ,然后用UV、IR、HPLC、GC及常规成分分析等方法比较了TPS1和TPS2 之间的组分差异 ;用AA (佐剂性关节炎 )大鼠和正常小鼠为对象 ,比较TPS1和TPS2 对动物免疫活性的影响。结果发现 :TPS中蛋白质与多糖呈紧密结合态 ,TPS是一种糖蛋白 ;用不同方法制备的TPS对AA大鼠引起的脾淋巴细胞转化低下和白细胞介素 2 (IL 2 )分泌过低均有恢复作用 ,而对白细胞介素 1(IL 1)分泌过高则有抑制作用 ,对正常小鼠机体免疫有增强作用 ,其中TPS2 比TPS1好     

鳖的免疫途径和免疫效果的观察

用灭活嗜水气单胞菌浸泡,饲喂和注射三种方法免疫稚,幼鳖共计约５７００余只,并通过微量细菌凝集法测定了其中部分免疫鳖血清中的抗体滴度。结果表明：１．从出壳后浸泡组的鳖血清中不能测出抗体;２．从用不同免疫剂量饲喂组,出壳后浸泡加饲喂组和注射组的鳖血清中能测出相应抗体,组间在阳性率和滴度高低等与免疫次数,剂量和途径明显相关;３．在同时测定的未免疫的２２只鳖血清中没有发现特异性抗体。综上所述,通过应用浸泡     

Powder and particle-mediated approaches for delivery of DNA and protein vaccines into the epidermis

The epidermis of the skin is both a sensitive immune organ and a practical target site for vaccine administration. However, administration of vaccines into the epidermis is difficult to achieve using conventional vaccine delivery methods employing a needle and syringe. A needle-free vaccine delivery system has been developed that efficiently delivers powdered or particulate DNA and protein vaccines into the epidermal tissue. The delivery system can be used to directly transfect antigen presenting cells (APCs) by formulating DNA or protein vaccines onto gold particles (particle-mediated immunization). Antigen can be directly presented to the immune system by the transfected APCs. Antigen can also be expressed and secreted by transfected keratinocytes and picked up by resident APCs through the exogenous antigen presentation pathway. Alternatively, protein antigens can be formulated into a powder and delivered into the extracellular environment where they are picked up by APCs (epidermal powder immunization). Using any of these formulations, epidermal immunization offers the advantage of efficiently delivering vaccines into the APC-rich epidermis. Recent studies demonstrate that epidermal vaccine delivery induces humoral, cellular, and protective immune responses against infectious diseases in both laboratory animals and man.     

乳突类圆线虫病人工免疫研究初报

用Co~(60)4000伦琴(R)、20000伦琴和40000伦琴照射乳突类圆线虫的丝状幼虫以及用丝状幼虫的冻融提取物经一次和二次免疫接种家兔,对20×10~4条丝状幼虫的攻毒均显示有一定的保护力。二次免疫优于一次免疫,4000R、40000R的二次免疫与一次免疫的荷虫量相比差异显著(P<0.05);4000R一次、二次免疫,20000R二次免疫和40000R一次、二次免疫与对照组相比,其荷虫量的差异极显著(P<0.01);40000R二次免疫的荷虫量明显地少于20000R和4000R二次免疫的荷虫量。虫卵检查的结果亦与此相符。抗原提取物一次、二次免疫的荷虫量与对照组相比差异极显著(P<0.01),但在剖检时仍发现有多量虫体,这可能是由于免疫的抗原量不足所造成的。 经检查确定对照组的排卵时间为9天整,4000R组平均为9.67天,20000R组平均为10.67天,40000R组平均为12天。 一条寄生虫雌虫一昼夜可排卵13～24个,平均为18个。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征活疫苗免疫效果观察

本试验将繁育母猪60头,随机分为免疫组和对照组,每组各30头,免疫组注射PRRS活疫苗(R98株),于母猪配种前一周接种,接种剂量2 mL/头;接种疫苗的母猪所产仔猪于断奶前一周接种PRRS活疫苗,接种剂量1 mL/头。对照组及所产仔猪不接种PRRS活疫苗。通过小群试验对比观察,收到了理想的免疫效果。在规模猪场和养猪大户中进一步推广应用,PRRS的流行得到了有效控制。     

外源性核酸对感染法氏囊病毒雏鸡免疫功能的影响

300只20日龄健康海兰白雏鸡随机分为6组,Ⅰ组为对照组,Ⅱ~Ⅵ为试验组,Ⅱ、Ⅴ组饲料中添加0.1%核酸,Ⅲ和Ⅵ组饲料中添加0.2%核酸,Ⅳ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ组于27日龄感染法氏囊病毒,研究核酸对人工感染法氏囊病毒雏鸡免疫功能的影响。试验结果表明:饲料中添加不同剂量的核酸均可提高鸡免疫器官法氏囊和胸腺指数,降低感染法氏囊病毒雏鸡的死亡率,且呈一定的量效关系;明显提高T淋巴细胞转化率、血清中免疫球蛋白IgA、IgG的含量及SOD活性,降低血清中MDA的含量,并对鸡血清中UA水平亦有一定作用,其中以添加0.2%的核酸的作用效果最好。     

生长抑素主动和被动免疫及基因免疫研究进展

生长抑素(somatostatin,SS)是下丘脑释放的14肽激素,在动物体内具有广泛的抑制作用,特别是对生长及免疫反应具有明显的影响,通过耗竭或免疫中和体内的SS水平相应提高生长激素（GH）等水平促进动物生长。文中简要介绍了生长抑素主动和被动免疫的研究进展及基因免疫的作用机理、特点及增强基因免疫的途径;阐述了生长抑素基因疫苗的研究和应用发展前景。     

Immune Efficacy of different immunization doses of divalent combination DNA vaccine pOPRL+pOPRF of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

At present, there is no vaccine available against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a common zoonotic pathogenic bacterium. In a previous study, the authors prepared a divalent combination DNA vaccine, pOPRL+pOPRF, which exhibited good protective efficacy. To explore the optimal immunization dose of this divalent combination DNA vaccine, in the present study, chickens were vaccinated with 25, 50, 100, and 200 µg doses. The levels of serum antibody, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and interleukin-2 (IL-2) were determined, and lymphocyte proliferation assays were performed. After challenge with virulent P. aeruginosa, the protective efficacy was evaluated. Following vaccination, the serum antibodies, stimulation index values, and concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-2 were significantly higher in chickens vaccinated with 100 and 200 µg vaccines than in those vaccinated with 25 and 50 µg doses (P<0.05). IFN-γ and IL-2 concentrations in chickens immunized with 100 µg vaccine were slightly higher than those in chickens immunized with 200 µg vaccine, although the difference was not statistically significant. The protective rates were 55%, 65%, 85%, and 85% with 25, 50, 100, and 200 µg of the pOPRL+pOPRF DNA vaccine, respectively. Thus, the immune efficacy of the pOPRL+pOPRF DNA vaccine increased with an increase in immunization dose, but this does not imply that a higher dose necessarily achieves a better outcome. The optimal immunization dose of pOPRL+pOPRF DNA vaccine in chickens was 100 µg.     

卤虫发育过程中几种免疫相关水解酶的测定

[目的]研究卤虫发育过程中几种免疫相关水解酶,为卤虫的免疫学研究提供参考。[方法]于2009年3～5月,用实验室孵化的卤虫,包括卵、无节幼虫、后无节幼虫、拟成虫、成虫5期一定数量的虫体,分别用磷酸苯二钠法、金氏法和分光光度计法测定酸性磷酸酶（ACPase）、碱性磷酸酶（AKPase）、α-醋酸萘酯酶（ANAE）的活性。[结果]3种酶从卤虫的卵到无节幼虫期,再到后无节幼虫期,酶活力是逐渐升高的,到拟成虫期酶活力下降,最后到成虫期酶活力达到峰值。[结论]研究表明,这3种酶活力的强弱与卤虫机体免疫有直接相关性,可作为衡量卤虫免疫功能大小的指标。     

不同猪瘟免疫程序对仔猪母源抗体水平的影响

本研究采用猪瘟病毒ELISA抗体检测试剂盒,对应用不同猪瘟免疫程序的猪场进行仔猪母源抗体水平检测。结果显示,在20日龄以内仔猪母源抗体的OD630平均值和阳性率均维持较高的水平,仔猪能够获得较好的母源抗体保护,避免猪瘟病毒的早期感染。随着日龄增长,仔猪母源抗体逐渐下降,尤其在断奶后一周(30~40日龄)下降趋势最为显著。本研究可为本地区规模化猪场猪瘟免疫程序的制定尤其是仔猪首免日龄的确定提供参考依据。