三种城市景观竹土壤微生物群落结构特征

为探究城市景观竹林对土壤微生物群落的影响,选取上海辰山植物园种植的3种景观竹,利用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序结合土壤理化指标分析研究了不同景观竹林对土壤理化性质和微生物群落结构特征的影响。结果表明：不同竹林土壤全磷、有效磷、有机质、全氮、全钾含量和电导率存在显著差异(P<0.05);土壤细菌丰富度和多样性指数在毛竹林土壤中最高,在淡竹林土壤中最低;土壤细菌优势门为放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)和绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi),真菌优势门为子囊菌门(Ascomycota),其中放线菌门和绿弯菌门在淡竹林土壤中的相对丰度最高,且显著高于其他竹林,而变形菌门、粘球菌门(Myxococcota)的相对丰度在毛竹林土壤中最高,土壤真菌优势门在不同竹林间的差异不显著。此外,土壤细菌群落结构和丰度受土壤p H、硝态氮、电导率、全磷、铵态氮、含水率、速效钾和微生物生物量碳影响显著,而真菌群落变化受全磷、电导率和全钾影响显著。     

油茶的生长特性及其功能价值

详述油茶的含义、生长特性,并综合相关研究成果,详细介绍了油茶及其加工产品的功能和价值。     

氟苯尼考对脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)免疫和抗氧化功能的影响

为研究氟苯尼考对脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)免疫和抗氧化功能的影响,以低、中、高(10、20和40 mg/kg·BW)3种剂量氟苯尼考药饵连续投喂脊尾白虾5d,对照组投喂基础饲料.于停止投喂药饵后的第3、6、12、24、48、96、168和240 h取血淋巴,测定血蓝蛋白(HEM)含量、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)等指标的变化情况.结果显示,低、中剂量组HEM含量均在3h时间点显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),高剂量组在3-48 h显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);低、中剂量组ACP活性在3h和6h显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),高剂量组在3-168 h显著低于其他3组(P＜0.05);低、中剂量组AKP活性在3h均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),6-48 h显著低于对照组(P＜0.05),高剂量组在3-48 h显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);低、中剂量组T-SOD活性整体高于对照组,分别在6h和24 h达到最高值(P＜0.05),高剂量组在24 h和48 h显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);低、中、高剂量组CAT活性均在3h和6h显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),之后在12-96 h显著低于对照组(P＜0.05),于24 h达到最低值(P＜0.05);低、中、高剂量组T-AOC活性均在3-96 h显著低于对照组(P＜0.05),于48 h达到最低值(P＜0.05),且出现剂量效应.本研究结果为氟苯尼考在海水养殖生产中使用的安全评估提供了数据支持.     

地下公共空间的功能和导向研究——淮安市市中心地下广场改造

研究地下公共空间的功能和导向,并以此为根据,从入口、交通流线、光线、商业性质4个方面对淮安市地下中心广场进行设计和改造。     

凉山规模化猪场仔猪猪瘟免疫程序的制定

本试验通过研究免疫状况良好的母猪群所产仔猪获得母源抗体的方式,仔猪体内母源抗体的持续时间,仔猪不同免疫程序的免疫效果等,从而制定出仔猪猪瘟的最佳免疫程序。     

Biology of leptin in the pig

The recently discovered protein, leptin, which is secreted by fat cells in response to changes in body weight or energy, has been implicated in regulation of feed intake, energy expenditure and the neuroendocrine axis in rodents and humans. Leptin was first identified as the gene product found deficient in the obese ob/ob mouse. Administration of leptin to ob/ob mice led to improved reproduction as well as reduced feed intake and weight loss. The porcine leptin receptor has been cloned and is a member of the class 1 cytokine family of receptors. Leptin has been implicated in the regulation of immune function and the anorexia associated with disease. The leptin receptor is localized in the brain and pituitary of the pig. The leptin response to acute inflammation is uncoupled from anorexia and is differentially regulated among swine genotypes. In vitro studies demonstrated that the leptin gene is expressed by porcine preadipocytes and leptin gene expression is highly dependent on dexamethasone induced preadipocyte differentiation. Hormonally driven preadipocyte recruitment and subsequent fat cell size may regulate leptin gene expression in the pig. Expression of CCAAT-enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) mediates insulin dependent preadipocyte leptin gene expression during lipid accretion. In contrast, insulin independent leptin gene expression may be maintained by C/EBP auto-activation and phosphorylation/dephosphorylation. Adipogenic hormones may increase adipose tissue leptin gene expression in the fetus indirectly by inducing preadipocyte recruitment and subsequent differentiation. Central administration of leptin to pigs suppressed feed intake and stimulated growth hormone (GH) secretion. Serum leptin concentrations increased with age and estradiol-induced leptin mRNA expression in fat was age and weight dependent in prepuberal gilts. This occurred at the time of expected puberty in intact contemporaries and was associated with greater LH secretion. Further work demonstrated that leptin acts directly on pituitary cells to enhance LH and GH secretion, and brain tissue to stimulate gonadotropin releasing hormone secretion. Thus, development of nutritional schemes and (or) gene therapy to manipulate leptin secretion will lead to practical methods of controlling appetite, growth and reproduction in farm animals, thereby increasing efficiency of lean meat production.     

谷氨酰胺对免疫细胞的影响研究进展

谷氨酰胺作为一种条件性必需氨基酸,在动物处于特殊生长阶段如幼龄期或在应激期间都显示出明显的免疫促进作用。动物免疫力的高低直接取决于各种免疫细胞如淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞、巨噬细胞的生长情况和免疫应答能力,谷氨酰胺的免疫促进作用与影响免疫细胞生长和免疫应答能力的发挥密切相关。本文就谷氨酰胺与免疫细胞增殖、分化、凋亡、分泌和热休克反应的研究进展做一综述。     

百合LfMADS基因植物表达载体的构建及其功能分析

 为了分析百合LfMADS1和LfMADS3基因的功能，分别将其正、反义基因插入到植物组成型双元载体pBin438中，并通过根癌农杆菌LBA4404介导转化烟草。PCR和PCR-Southern杂交结果均证明外源基因已经插入到烟草基因组中。转LfMASD1反义基因植株中1朵花的雄蕊极短、花药缺失；转LfMASD1正义基因植株中发现1个花萼变瓣的突变体。在转LfMASD3反义基因植株中发现1个植株的苞叶部分瓣化，花柄变短，另外1个植株上发现1朵花缺失1枚雄蕊；而转LfMASD3正义基因植株中没有发现变异。作者认为LfMASD1是百合花器官发育的B功能基因，LfMASD3是百合花器官发育的SEP基因，这些基因在烟草中的表现说明百合的花器官特性基因的表达模式与模式植物有所不同。     

应用隶属函数法综合评价葡萄种间抗寒性

在冷冻胁迫条件下,测定了葡萄属12个种45个株系枝条的膜透性变化、含水量动态变化及萌芽能力3项指标,并以种内不同株系间3项指标的平均值综合评价了12个种的抗寒性。结果表明,我国葡萄属野生种(东亚种群)山葡萄、燕山葡萄以及美洲种群中的河岸葡萄为高抗类型;蘡薁葡萄、复叶葡萄、毛葡萄为中抗类型;秋葡萄、刺葡萄、瘤枝葡萄为低抗类型;秦岭葡萄、麦黄葡萄和欧洲葡萄为不抗类型。抗寒性指标间相关性分析表明,利用平均隶属度评价葡萄抗寒性最为科学,为鉴定葡萄新种质提供了依据。     

从《诗经》看先秦水果的分布及其功用

<诗经>中有大量涉及水果的诗篇.通过对<诗经>中的11种水果进行考察,了解到它们主要分布在黄河流域一带以及它们在当时的社会生活中所起的重要作用.