千里光超微粉对仔猪腹泻的防治效果及对 血清IgG、IgA和IgM的影响

为了探究千里光超微粉对仔猪腹泻的防治效果及对仔猪血清IgG、IgA 和IgM 的影响,选取40 日龄杜伊 长伊大三元杂交商品代瘦肉型仔猪90 头,设6 个处理,每个处理设3 个重复,每个重复5 头仔猪。处理1 为对照,处 理2、处理3、处理4、处理5 分别在基础日粮中按质量比添加0.3%、0.6%、0.9%、1.2%的千里光超微粉,处理6 在基础 日粮中按质量比添加1.2%千里光普通粉,试验期为30 d。结果发现,在试验期3 个阶段,添加不同量的千里光超微粉 对仔猪腹泻频率、腹泻指数均有降低作用,以添加1.2%千里光超微粉效果最明显;千里光超微粉能显著提高仔猪血 清IgG、IgA、IgM 水平;一定量的千里光超微粉防治仔猪腹泻的效果优于千里光普通粉。     

Passive Immunity Stimulated by Vaccination of Dry Cows with a Salmonella Bacterial Extract

Background

Diarrhea because of Salmonella infection is a cause of neonatal calf diarrhea. The stimulation of passive immunity in the calf by vaccinating the dam for Salmonella has shown some success in previous studies; however, there are no data on the use of currently licensed vaccines in the United States.

Objective

To determine whether vaccinating cows at dry‐off with a commercially available Salmonella bacterial extract would stimulate Salmonella‐specific antibodies in the colostrum of cows at calving and whether these antibodies would be transferred to the calf.

Animals

Sixty Holstein cattle and 59 calves from a herd presumed to be naïve to Salmonella.

Methods

Prospective clinical trial. Thirty cows were vaccinated at dry‐off with a Salmonella enterica serovar Newport bacterial extract and again 4 weeks later. An additional 30 cows received only saline. Calves fed fresh colostrum from their dam within 4 hours of birth had blood collected 24 hours later.

Results

Vaccinated cattle had increased Salmonella Newport antibody titers at calving in blood (P = .01) and colostrum (P = .011). Calves that received colostrum from vaccinated cattle also had significant increase in Salmonella antibodies (1.04 ± 0.03) as compared to calves born to unvaccinated cows (0.30 ± 0.02).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

The results indicate that the use of a commercially available Salmonella vaccine can stimulate antibodies that are passed on to the calf via colostral transfer. Further studies need to be done to determine whether these antibodies will offer protection against Salmonella challenge.     

新城疫免疫雏鸡免疫球蛋白的形成动态

本实验以单向环状免疫扩散试验（ＳＲＩＤ）为检测手段，对以点眼和滴鼻途径接种新城疫Ｂ＿１系疫苗的无特定病原（ＳＰＦ）雏鸡（１日龄首免、１４日龄二免）进行免疫球蛋白消长规律的测定，力图为制定合理的免疫程序提供理论依据。实验结果表明：无论是免疫组，还是对照组，其血清免疫球蛋白Ｇ（ＩｇＧ）含量的动态变化均呈现１个波峰和１个波谷。刚孵出时为２．３９±０．５０ｍｇ／ｍｌ，４日龄时达最高值，但３～４周龄时迅速下降到最低值（此时免疫组和对照组ＩｇＧ含量呈现极显著差异，其余检测日龄差异均不显著），其后又逐渐回升。     

中草药添加剂对仔猪cAMP/cGMP及免疫功能的影响

 对试验猪的有关测定表明,中草药添加剂可明显提高仔猪血液cAMP的含量及cAMP/cGMP的比值,分别提高164.07％和55.79％. 和对照组比较,血液中免疫球蛋白（IgG）的含量升高58.7％.对白细胞数量及分类计数发现,试验组相关值远高于添加常规抗生素的仔猪,其中嗜酸性白细胞升高437.5％.     

猪金属硫蛋白抗体的制备

以自猪肝提取的金属硫蛋白(MT)与牛备清白蛋白(BSA)偶联物为抗原,免疫昆明小鼠以制备多克隆抗体。结果表明:加强免疫间隔时间10 d,MT首次免疫量保持在16~32μg/只,加强免疫时用量依次加倍,其免疫效果最佳,可使大部分小鼠抗血清效价达到1∶16以上。随后,将这部分抗血清IgG提纯并达到电泳纯,经直接ELISA鉴定其确为猪MT的特异性抗体,表明可用于酶标记方法检测猪MT。     

National Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Eastern Equine Encephalitis and Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis in Costa Rica

Eastern equine encephalitis and Venezuelan equine encephalitis are endemic neglected tropical diseases in the Americas, causing encephalitis in both horses and humans. In 2013, a cross-sectional study was performed in 243 horses located in the highlands and lowlands throughout Costa Rica. Serum samples were analyzed with an IgG ELISA and confirmed by the plaque-reduction neutralization test (PRNT80). Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) and Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) overall seroprevalences by the PRNT80 were 36% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 29.9–42.5; 78/217 horses) and 3% (95% CI: 1.3–5.9; 6/217 horses), respectively. Both the viruses occurred in the lowlands and highlands. Rainfall and altitude were associated with VEEV seropositivity in the univariate analysis, but only altitude <100 meters above sea level was considered a risk factor in the multivariate analysis. No risk factors could be identified for the EEEV in the multivariate analysis. This is the first study that estimates the seroprevalence of the EEEV and VEEV in Costa Rican horses. The VEEV is widely distributed, whereas the EEEV occurs at a much lower frequency and only in specific areas. Clinical cases and occasional outbreaks of both viruses are to be expected.     

实验性免疫应激对雏鸡体液免疫功能的影响

根据鸡新城疫I系疫苗 (NDI)免疫剂量不同 ,将 2 0 0只 2周龄健康雏鸡随机分成 4组 ,检测免疫器官中IgG抗体生成细胞的动态变化及接种后ND抗体消长的变化。结果 :①试验组雏鸡的胸腺、法氏囊、脾脏、盲肠扁桃体中IgG抗体生成细胞持续增多 ,第 2 1d试验组与对照组差异极显著 (P<0 .0 1)。②接种后 ,试验组ND抗体从第 3d开始下降 ,第 5d降到最低 ,与对照组相比差异极显著(P <0 .0 1) ,第 9d试验组ND抗体开始回升 ,第 2 1d试验组极显著高于对照组     

抗猪瘟病毒IgG的研制

用驴制备抗猪瘟病毒（HCV）免疫球蛋白，预防和治疗猪HCV感染，制备HCV抗原复合物，通过免疫驴，用纯化方法从驴血清中提取特异性抗体（IgG)，经过理化学检定，血清学，动物效力实验。免疫驴均可产生特异IgG,Dot-ELISA效价大于1：640（IgG浓缩浓度为60mg/mL）；可保护猪兔受HCV攻击；室温保存半年，4℃两年效价不变。已成功地应用HCV免疫驴制备出高效价特异性抗HCV-IgG。     

鸡传染性贫血病疫苗免疫母鸡后子代雏鸡外周血液T细胞数量及免疫球蛋白含量变化

应用免疫SPA菌体不法和间接ELISE法对鸡传染性贫血病（CIA）疫苗免疫母鸡后，其子代雏鸡外周血液T细胞数量和血清IgG,IgM,IgA含量进行了动态研究。结果发现：CIA疫苗免疫母鸡后，其子代雏鸡外周血液T细胞数量和IgG,IgM,IgA含量均不同和蔼地高于未免疫的相对照雏鸡，表明CIA疫苗免疫母后，其子代雏鸡全身的体液上述各项指标均明显低于疫苗免疫的子代雏鸡，这与CIAV强毒攻击子代雏鸡后，未免疫的子代雏鸡外周血液上述各项指标均明显低于疫苗免疫的子代雏鸡，这与CIAV强毒感染雏鸡后，其免疫器官组织，尤其是胸腺严重损害，淋巴细胞变性坏死子等密切相关，是导致感染鸡免疫功能低下的基础。     

琼脂单、双扩散法测定牛初乳IgG的应用分析

对琼脂单、双扩散法在牛初乳IgG测定中的应用进行分析，建立的单扩散标准曲线为y=17.193x 8.005，r=0.9913，板间变异系数2.8%-5.5%，板内变异系数2.63%-5.33%，回收率87.0%-127.0%。双扩散中标准牛IgG标记为效价1：2222.2，批内变异系数0-22.2%，批间变异系数18.8%，回收率87.5%。统计分析表明两种方法测定值无显著差异（α=0.05）。相比而言，单扩散法精密度好，双扩散方法更简便，抗体试剂用量为单扩散法的2%-5%，检测成本低。生产企业可以根据需要选择应用。