两巨型数字古籍《中国基本古籍库》与《汉籍数字图书馆》对比研究

当前利用现代信息技术对古籍文献进行加工处理,使其转化为电子数据形式,通过光盘、网络等介质保存和传播,这是古籍再生性保护的重要手段之一,代表着古籍整理的未来方向。笔者对比分析了两巨型数字古籍库--《中国基本古籍库》与《汉籍数字图书馆》的数据库内容、界面设计、检索功能、输入结果等,指出两数据库各自的特点以及差异,试图为用户高效使用提供参考。     

应用叶绿素仪SPAD-502进行马铃薯氮素营养诊断的可行性

SPAD-502是用于快速测定叶绿素相对含量的一种便携式仪器。被尝试用于进行作物氮素营养诊断,其具有快速、简便、适时、无损的特点。目前在禾谷类作物上已有很多研究成果并已开始用于指导施肥实践,在马铃薯上前人也井始了一些探索性的研究。马铃薯植株叶片形态虽具有一定的特殊性。即叶片为复叶,不能照擞禾本科作物上的研究成果,但综合分析SPAD-502的特点以及禾扭件作物氮素营养诊断的研究成果可以推断,通过系统研究,完全可以建立一掀有效的马铃薯氮素营养SPAD-502诊断指标体系。在指标体系的建立过程中,需确立适合的诊断叶位并提出有效的方法消除氮素之外其他因素对SPAD读数的影响。     

沼气工程地理信息系统的设计与实现

[目的]设计并实现一种沼气工程地理信息系统。[方法]在对北京市大中型沼气工程充分调查后获得数据的基础上,分析系统用户需求和功能需求,划分子系统功能,使用SuperMap IS.NET和C#语言编程技术,采用WebGIS架构,设计了系统空间和属性数据库,实现了以北京市为例的沼气工程WebGIS系统。[结果]该系统为沼气工程信息的网络发布提供了应用平台。用户可根据系统使用权限实现沼气工程信息的反馈提交和查询等,能更直观、全面、准确地查询工程数据,对数据进行综合分析,从而对沼气工程的现状和变化趋势进行研究和决策。[结论]该系统为相关管理部门对沼气工程的规划管理工作提供了便利服务。     

基于无线传感器网络和WebGIS的墒情监测系统

为了解决墒情监测中便携式监测仪数据存储、发送困难及墒情实时监测和分析等问题,建立了基于无线传感器网络和WebGIS的墒情监测系统。系统以STC单片机为核心芯片,结合GPRS模块、GPS模块,通过无线传感器网络技术,实现土壤水分数据的实时监测及无线传送。建立了数据库,接收监测点数据。并以SuperMap IS.NET和SQL Server 2005为开发平台进行二次开发,将GIS技术与墒情监测结合起来,根据作物耕作深度、作物生长期对土壤含水量进行判断,得出墒情结果。实现墒情监测点信息、土壤含水量曲线图、等值线分布图在Web服务器上的显示。墒情监测系统的建立和使用,对农业生产有深远的意义。     

凋萎和添加剂对红三叶青贮的影响

为探讨不同添加剂对鲜贮或晾晒红三叶青贮的影响,以盛花期红三叶为原料,分别设计对照、添加甲酸（6mL／kg）gL蔗糖（2％）处理,袋装密封青贮360天后取样分析。结果表明,晾晒极显著提高红三叶青贮饲料的pH（P〈O．01）,降低乳酸含量（P〈0．01）。添加蔗糖和甲酸能改善红三叶青贮饲料的发酵品质。添加蔗糖和甲酸都极显著降低青贮饲料的pH以及乙酸和丙酸含量（P〈0．01）,极显著增加乳酸含量（P〈O．01）。添加甲酸可显著提高红三叶青贮饲料的干物质保存率（氏0．05）。青贮之后,硝酸盐含量下降。     

小麦抗麦红吸浆虫品种的遗传多样性分析

为了更深入地揭示小麦抗麦红吸浆虫品种（系）的遗传多样性,在田间虫圃对1562份小麦品种（系）损失率鉴定结果的基础上,取47份年度间鉴定抗性结果较为一致的材料,按损失率大小,由小到大排列起来,利用19对多态性SSR标记检测了参试材料的遗传多态性。结果表明,19对SSR标记在47份不同抗性品种中检测到104个等位基因,能够将所有品种区分开来,每对引物可以检测到3-8个等位基因,平均5．47个。47个小麦品种间的遗传距离从0．40～0．95不等,平均为0．71。高抗品种间遗传距离平均为0．66（0．40-0．95）;中抗品种间的遗传距离平均为0．69（0．46～0．90）;感虫品种间的遗传距离平均为0．69（0．53-0．95）;高感品种间的遗传距离平均为0．68（0．41～0．90）。SSR标记聚类分析在遗传距离为0．74处将供试材料分为6大类群。抗虫品种晋麦65号单独聚为一类,同其余品种具有较远的亲缘关系,可作为新的抗源用于抗虫育种,并在吸浆虫发生地块推广种植。     

Large‐scale heterogeneous cattle grazing affects plant diversity and forage value of Alpine species‐rich Nardus pastures

In Europe, the decline in agriculture in traditional mountain farming areas has caused abandonment, or irregular grazing, of less accessible pastures. In the Italian Alps, we studied plant diversity, forage value and trophic traits in six large‐scale heterogeneously grazed Nardus pastures, in their central and peripheral parts, and across the montane, lower and upper subalpine zones. Seventy cover‐abundance floristic relevés were performed in randomly located permanent plots, half at the pasture edge (M‐plots) and half in their central part (C‐plots). Plant diversity varied significantly with respect to the distance from the edge, being higher in M‐plots because of shrub invasion as a consequence of reduced cattle pressure. Nardus cover was slightly higher in C‐plots and negatively related to plant diversity. Forage value was lower in M‐plots and negatively correlated with the cover of Nardus and woody species, implying that different grazing pressure was negatively influencing sward productivity. Differences in trophic traits of swards between C‐ and M‐plots existed mostly as trends. Forage value significantly decreased in the lower subalpine and montane pastures, which are further grazed in late summer. Heterogeneous grazing management was therefore exerting positive effects on plant diversity and negative effects on forage value. Results are discussed in the context of future management recommendations.     

当前农村思想政治工作的组织体系和工作方式探析

农村思想政治工作是党的思想政治工作的一个极其重要组成部分,是党和政府对广大农民实施思想政治教育的一个基本手段。应当健全农村思想政治工作组织体系,改进工作方式,提高工作实效性,扎实的推进社会主义新农村建设。     

Effects of Elemental Sulphur and Farmyard Manure on pH and Salinity of Calcareous Sandy Loam Soil and Some Nutrient Elements in Tomato Plant

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of elemental sulphur （S） and farmyard manure on soil pH, EC and N, S, P concentrations of tomato grown in a calcareous sandy loam soil. For this purpose, a pot experiment was conducted in greenhouse conditions. Sulphur was applied at 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 400 mg kg~ and farmyard manure at 0, 3 ton da^-1 to the soil. Three weeks after applications, tomato seedlings were planted and 8 weeks later, the plants were harvested to determine N, S, P concentrations and dry matter yield. Soil pH and EC were determined in the soil samples taken at 3 different periods. Effects of sulphur and farmyard manure applications were not significant on N, P concentrations and dry matter yield of tomato plant. S concentration of tomato plant was increased by sulphur alone. Soil pH was decreased and soil EC was increased in both 2^nd and 3^rd soil sampling period by the sulphur applications. As a result of farmyard manure application, soil pH decreased in the 2^nd soil sampling period but increased in the 3^rd soil sampling period. Also, soil EC was significantly increased in 1^st and 3^rd soil sampling period. Farmyard manure had no significant effect on S supply to tomato plant. The N：S ratio of tomato plant was decreased by sulphur alone. However, the sulphur with farmyard manure applications decreased N：S ratio in lesser extend compared to the S applications.     

草鱼PRL基因多态性与幼鱼生长性状和肌肉成分的关联分析

为了探索草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)PRL(prolactin)基因多态性与草鱼生长性状和肌肉成分的关联性,通过测序法从10尾草鱼的PRL基因中筛选到6个突变率高于30%的变异位点,包括5个单核苷酸变异位点和1个插入型突变(–/CACTCACTA),分别命名为2551GA、2639GC、3247AG、5197TG、5897GA和3391–+。利用AS-PCR(allele-specific PCR)和基因分型技术对192尾4月龄草鱼的PRL基因变异位点进行检测;基于一般线性模型对变异位点多态性与草鱼生长性状和肌肉成分进行相关性分析。研究发现,2639GC、3391–+和5197TG对体长和体重具有显著影响(P0.05),2639GC对肌肉粗蛋白含量具有显著影响(P0.05)。单个位点基因型比较发现,3391–+的突变型(–+和++)个体的体长和体重均显著高于野生型(––)个体(P0.05);2639GC的GC及5197TG的突变型(TG和GG)个体的体长和体重分别显著低于2639GC的GG和5197TG的TT野生型(P0.05);2639GC突变型(CC)个体的粗蛋白含量显著高于2639GC其他基因型(GG和GC)个体(P0.05)。两位点组合比较发现,含3391–+突变型(–+和++)的组合对应体长和体重普遍高于其他组,含2639GC的CC突变型的组合对应粗脂肪含量和粗蛋白含量普遍较高,其中粗蛋白含量显著高于其他组(P0.05)。研究表明,草鱼PRL基因多态性与草鱼生长性状和肌肉成分间存在显著关联,推测相关变异位点可作为草鱼生长和肉质改良的候选辅助标记。