山东省羊常用粗饲料营养价值评定

试验旨在综合评价从山东省17个市采集的羊常用粗饲料原料的营养价值。试验测定了109个样本10种常用原料的常规营养成分及总能(GE),应用两级离体消化法测定干物质消化率(IVDMD),以计算消化能(DE)和代谢能(ME),并根据预测干物质随意采食量(DMI),进而计算出分级指数(GI)。结果表明,不同粗饲料间的常规养分的差异不能准确地评价饲料营养价值;以NDF、ADF所得GI综合评价粗饲料中营养价值得到苜蓿>冬牧70>地瓜秧>羊草>花生秧>青贮玉米秸>玉米秸>水稻秸>豆秸>麦秸;IVDMD与NDF、ADF均呈显著负相关,而与CP呈显著正相关;DE与NDF、ADF相关性较强,且均呈负相关。     

基于AHP的晋中潇河湿地公园植物景观评价

为提高晋中市潇河湿地公园植物景观效果,采用实地调查和AHP法,分别从生态效益、景观效益和服务功能3个方面选取10个代表性评价因子,对植物景观进行评价并分级。在潇河湿地公园植物景观评价体系中,生态效益权重最大,为0.633 2,其次为景观效益,权重为0.239 5,服务功能的权重为0.137 3。根据综合评价结果,在四种不同的配置模式下,乔灌草植物景观被归为Ⅰ级,而乔草、乔灌、灌草植物景观则被归为Ⅱ级。通过对植物资源调查和对植物景观进行评价,研究将为湿地公园景观营建、植物空间塑造和生态环境改善提供科学依据。     

舟山新木姜子苗木分级及不同密度试验

以苗高和地径作为苗木分级的质量指标,对舟山新木姜子一、二年生苗木进行逐步聚类分级,得出一年生苗木分级标准为:Ⅰ级苗苗高≥19.7 cm,地径≥0.38 cm;19.7 cm>Ⅱ级苗苗高≥13.8 cm,0.38 cm>地径≥0.30cm;Ⅲ级苗苗高<13.8 cm,地径<0.30 cm.二年生苗木:Ⅰ级苗苗高≥49.1 cm,地径≥0.59 cm;49.1 cm>Ⅱ级苗苗高Ⅰ≥29.5 cm,0.59 cm>地径≥0.38 cm;Ⅲ级苗茁高<29.5 cm,地径<0.38 cm.应用分级标准对3种育苗密度的苗木进行分级.并通过不同密度与苗高、地径的方差分析,结果表明,培育一年生舟山新木姜子苗木最适密度为300株/m2,二年生苗木的最适密度为200株/m2.     

Log Characteristics and Sawn Timber Recovery of Home-Garden Teak from Wet and Dry Localities of Kerala, India

There is a widely held view among smallholders that teak timber produced from small-scale agroforestry systems, especially home-garden forestry, fetches a lower price than that from conventional plantation forestry. To examine the veracity of this view, the wood quality attributes of teak from two home gardens in the district of Ernakulam (wet site) and Palakkad (dry site) in India were compared to those of forest plantation in Nilambur. The logs were graded using standard timber trade practices into high, medium and low quality as determined by the potential sawn timber grade-yield recovery pattern. Of 96 home garden teak logs (aged 35 years) from wet and dry sites, 59% belonged to timber Grade II–IV and the rest were classified as poles. Grade I logs (export quality) with a girth above 150 cm were not available from either of the homesteads. Faster-grown teak in the wet site produced large diameter logs (dbh 1.37 m) with average diameter of 39.6 cm, which is comparable to that of best site quality in India. In contrast, the average dbh for teak grown in the dry site was 24 cm as compared to the average dbh of 31 cm recorded from the same aged forest plantation in Nilambur. It was found that only 10% of logs belonged to Grade II timber and the rest fell under grades III and IV with more frequent visual defects. The sawn timber recovery percentage was lower for the dry site (66.8%), whereas there was no significant difference in grade from the wet and forest plantation sites, with recovery rates of 76.5% and 78.8%, respectively. The general notion that home garden teak has a large proportion of sapwood seems to be baseless, no significant difference being found between the heartwood-sapwood ratio of home-garden and forest plantation teak. Lack of appropriate silvicultural practices in home-garden forestry caused the production of more defective logs, adversely affecting the market price of timber.

基于灰色关联度的耕地定级评价实证分析

以案例的形式分析如何应用灰色关联度法进行耕地定级评价。结果表明,研究区丰顺县耕地质量总体一般,质量最优的1级耕地以及较次之的2、3、4级耕地质量面积依次占全县耕地总面积的17.06%、39.11%、31.62%、12.21%。同时,应用层次聚类法对耕地定级划分结果的合理性进行了检验,检验结果显示全县耕地面积和耕地定级评价单元数划分的正确率分别达到87.68%、87.17%。     

基于收购质量的烤烟烟叶无损检测技术研究综述

简要介绍了基于收购质量的烤烟烟叶无损检测的特点,讨论了在线检测与自动分级系统硬件方面的研究,并对计算机技术、人工神经网络、模式识别、高光谱等技术应用于烤烟烟叶的等级评价进行了综述,对该领域今后的研究方向提出了新的思路。     

进境货物木质包装检疫风险分级处置研究

本文通过系统识别进境货物木质包装检疫相关风险信息,运用专家打分法和风险矩阵法,研究确定木质包装检疫风险项目评价等级。结合木质包装风险项目和行政相对人行为的危害确定木质包装检疫综合风险等级,并根据不同风险等级提出相应的风险分级处置方案。     

中国足球场场地质量评价体系构建——基于评价指标的认知度建立足球场场地质量分级评价体系

足球场场地作为足球运动的基础,其质量直接影响到比赛的竞技性和观赏性。目前国际上的各类足球场评价体系都是基于"通过式分级评价"或"平均重要性指标"进行评价的。本研究通过总结国内外足球场评价的相关标准和书籍,整理和筛选出足球场质量评价的指标和指标的分级阈值。通过调查专家、足球运动员、足球爱好者对指标的认知重要程度,发现3类受调查者对于各指标的认知重要性有较明显差异,但对于一些场地质量核心指标却有相似的认知程度和趋势。这证明了传统的平均重要性假设或通过性评价的方式其评价和分级的方法是不客观的。将各类场地使用者对评价指标认知重要性引入评价体系并建立足球场场地质量评价,可以很好地解决评价场地不够客观的问题,可以更好地了解使用者对场地的需求,从而更好地建设和管理足球场场地,使我国足球场场地质量评价体系更具有科学性和实用性,使草坪质量更能满足场地使用者的需求。     

Critical section effect during derivation of settings for grading machines based on dynamic modulus of elasticity

Testing of the critical section between the load points in four-point bending testing is required according to [DIN EN 384:2010–08, Structural Timber – Determination of Characteristic Values of Mechanical Properties and Density (Brussels European Committee for Standardization)]. However, strength grading machines based on measurements of the dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOEdyn) benefit as the strength of the weakest section is not always measured when deriving settings. According to the current procedure for derivation of settings, violation of the critical section requirement is accepted. The extent of such violation and its impact on grading settings of strength classes are quantified in two ways using about 3500 recently tested specimens of Norway spruce: empirically and modelled. The results show that for strength grading machines based on MOEdyn, the settings would be higher if the weakest section was always placed between the inner load points. The current procedure, however, leads to lower settings and hence better yields in practice. The settings for machines based on MOEdyn are up to more than 20% higher if the lowest bending strength of the entire board is applied. To treat different grading principles equally, a correction factor for settings of MOEdyn-based grading machines should be introduced – especially for lower strength classes. A simplified factor between 1.00 and 1.20 for standardization is recommended.     

云南省松墨天牛地理分布及危害程度调查

松墨天牛是松材线虫的主要传播媒介昆虫,为了预防松材线虫病,采用路线调查法、查迹调查法和样地调查法调查云南省松墨天牛的地理分布与危害程度。在云南省129个县市区中,尚未发现松墨天牛的县市区13个,占10．1％;有松墨天牛分布的县市区116个,占89．9％。其中轻度危害的县市区85个（65．9％）,中度危害的县市区16个（12．4％）,重度危害的县市区15个（11．6％）;松墨天牛的垂直分布范围为649～3255m,海拔高差2606m;危害的寄主树种有云南松、思茅松、高山松、马尾松和华山松。