The critical stress in various stress levels of bending member on fire exposure for mechanical graded lumber

This study focused on the relationship between stress level and the fire resistance of structural lumber. The 210 samples were prepared from 15-year-old trees of Acacia mangium from the Forest Estate Plantation, Indonesia. Specimens were 20 ® × 20 (T) × 500mm (L) and were air-dried. Sixty samples were tested under four-point bending stress to obtain the modulus of elasticity (MOE) and the modulus of rupture (MOR) for classifying the stress grades of the remaining 150 samples. The tests were performed using a four-point load bending position at various stress level while the specimens were exposed to fire along the shear-free region. Time to failure was affected by the stress levels in an exponential trend. Despite changes in stress level, charring rate, and time to failure, the critical stress of a member from the same species was similar. The fire performance under applied load could be predicted by using simplified fire-testing methods. The developed testing apparatus is valid for evaluating the small-scale fire resistant behavior of structural lumber in bending.     

落叶松层板分级质量评价

对落叶松胶合木用层板进行目测分级并测定其弹性模量和静曲强度,研究各等级层板的弹性模量和静曲强度及其相互之间的关系,探讨层板目测分级和机械弹性模量分级的科学性、合理性。结果表明:根据层板缺陷进行目测分级,等级高的层板其弹性模量和静曲强度的平均值和5%分位值高,目测分级能够基本反映其材质性能,具有一定的科学性与合理性;但目测分级层板弹性模量和静曲强度值的离散度很大,目测分级所能达到的准确与可靠程度决定其不能替代机械弹性模量分级。机械弹性模量分级层板的静曲强度与弹性模量呈正相关性,但各等级层板的静曲强度与弹性模量的相关系数大不相同,其静曲强度值的离散度也比较大,说明该分级方法还有改善的余地。更加科学、可靠的胶合木层板分级方法还有待进一步的探索研究。     

扁桃种质资源坚果数量性状遗传多样性和概率分级

【目的】研究新疆地区扁桃种质资源坚果主要数量性状遗传多样性,并对其进行概率分级,为新疆扁桃遗传改良和优质新品种选育提供参考依据。【方法】以收集90份新疆地区种质资源为研究对象,测定坚果单果重、坚果纵径、坚果横径、坚果侧径、坚果果形指数、果壳厚度、果仁单仁重、果仁纵径、果仁横径、果仁侧径、果仁果形指数、出仁率12个数量性状。【结果】(1)90份新疆扁桃种质资源12个数量性状的变异系数均在10%以上,其中坚果单果重、果壳厚度、单仁重和出仁率4个与扁桃经济性状密切相关的指标变异系数分别达到了45.16%、48.14%、33.20%和36.02%。(2)90份新疆地区扁桃种质资源12数量性状符合正态分布,按照概率统计法分为5级。(3)扁桃数量性状之间是相互制约和相互影响的关系,其中坚果单果重、果仁单仁重、果壳厚度、出仁率4个性状相互间呈极显著相关关系。【结论】新疆地区扁桃种质资源遗传多样性丰富,概率分级符合种质特征。     

工业等级烟叶质量的主成分分析和聚类分析评价

[目的]对不同工业等级的烟叶进行初步质量评价.[方法]选取总糖、施木克值、糖碱比、香气量、香气质、杂气、刺激性、成熟度、身份、油分10个烟叶质量指标,以SPSS软件为工具,运用主成分分析法和Q型聚类分析对韶关市始兴县14个不同工业等级标准的烟叶质量进行评价.[结果]分析表明,按累积贡献率≥85％的标准,筛选出化学成分因子、感官质量因子、烟气成分因子共3个主成分,其对变异的累积贡献率达95.04％.不同等级的烤烟烟叶的综合评价得分差异明显,其中MO1、CF1、MF23个等级烟叶质量得分高于其他等级烟叶,而XO2、XF2、XO3 3个等级烟叶质量得分则低于其他等级烟叶.聚类分析结果表明,14个不同等级样品分为3类,其中第1类有CF2、MO2、CO1、MO3、MF2、MF3、CO2、ML2;第2类有MO1、MF1、CF1,第3类有XF2、XO3、XF3.[结论]研究可为工业等级烟叶质量评价提供参考.     

Multivariate product adapted grading of Scots Pine sawn timber for an industrial customer,part 2: Robustness to disturbances

ABSTRACT

Holistic-subjective automatic grading (HSAG) of sawn timber by an industrial customer's product outcome is possible through the use of multivariate partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), shown by part one of this two-part study. This second part of the study aimed at testing the robustness to disturbances of such an HSAG system when grading Scots Pine sawn timber partially covered in dust. The set of 308 clean planks from part one of this study, and a set of 310 dusty planks, that by being stored inside a sawmill accumulated a layer of dust, were used. Cameras scanned each plank in a sawmill's automatic sorting system that detected selected feature variables. The planks were then split and processed at a planing mill, and the product grade was correlated to the measured feature variables by partial least squares regression. Prediction models were tested using 5-fold cross-validation in four tests and compared to the reference result of part one of this study. The tests showed that the product adapted HSAG could grade dusty planks with similar or lower grading accuracy compared to grading clean planks. In tests grading dusty planks, the disturbing effect of the dust was difficult to capture through training.     

Optimization potential for perception-oriented appearance classification by simulated sawing of computed tomography-scanned logs of Norway spruce

Abstract

Wood, as a natural material, has favourable properties in both technical and aesthetic aspects. Due to its inherent variability, production of high-quality sawn timber demands adequate control of log conversion, which is feasible with computed tomography (CT) log scanning. Existing appearance grading rules for sawn timber might not fully reflect people's visual perception of wood surfaces, and therefore, an alternative, more perception-oriented appearance classification could be beneficial. An appearance classification of sawn timber based on partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) of knot-pattern variables was developed and tested. Knot-pattern variables derived from images of board faces were used in training PLS-DA models against an initial classification of the board faces previously established by aid of cluster analysis. Virtual board faces obtained from simulated breakdown of 57 CT-scanned Norway spruce logs were graded according to the developed classification. Visual assessment of the grading results indicated that the classification was largely consistent with human perception of board appearance. An initial estimation of the potential to optimize log rotation, based on CT data, for the established appearance grades was derived from the simulations. Considerable potential to increase the yield of a desired appearance grade, compared to conventional log positioning, was observed.     

用综合加权评分法优化钻井泥浆配方的研究

通过对影响泥浆质量因素的分析,进行了泥浆配方试验,并运用多指标试验的综合加权评分法,结合直观分析、极差分析,寻找出了一个最优泥浆配方,在实践中产生了良好的经济效益     

用于水果实时分级系统的同步跟踪自动控制装置

研究了一种用于计算机视觉水果自动分级系统的同步跟踪自动控制装置。图像处理结果从计算机并行口输出到移位寄存器，利用接近开关产生的脉冲作为寄存器的移位信号，将处理结果在移位寄存器输出端口的位置与水果的实时位置保持一致，实现对水果的同步跟踪，并利用硬件操作步进电机的脉冲分配和相关动作，从而完成对分级执行机构的正确控制。     

猴耳环苗木分级标准的研究

通过对7个月龄的猴耳环苗木分级标准的研究,采用随机抽样、逐步聚类分析等方法,对猴耳环苗木分级标准进行了初步探讨,提出了以苗高和地径作为分级标准的质量指标,得出了以下分级标准.Ⅰ级苗:苗高≥20.07 cm,地径≥0.48 cm;Ⅱ级苗:20.07 cm＞苗高≥15.13 cm,0.48 cm＞地径≥0.39 cm;Ⅲ级...     

受雨害小麦籽粒物性与吹泡特性相关性分析

小麦经粒径分级和重力分选,吹泡特征值发生了变化。由于粒径较大的籽粒较易受到雨害,影响其品质,粒径分级后,其吹泡特征值变化显著,分级效果明显。再经重力分选后,从分选出口I~V试样的容重依次增大,并且随着容重增加,吹泡特征值出现不同趋势,分选效果有明显差异。籽粒容重与弹性(P)和配置比(P/L)呈显著正相关,与延伸性(L)和延伸能力(G)呈显著负相关性,而与烘焙强度(W)和弹性指数(Ie)的相关性不明显。采用密度的线性模型描述吹泡特性可达到很高的拟合精度。