Comparison of Physicochemical and Structural Properties of Acid-Soluble and Pepsin-Soluble Collagens from Blacktip Reef Shark Skin

Fish collagen has been widely used in tissue engineering (TE) applications as an implant, which is generally transplanted into target tissue with stem cells for better regeneration ability. In this case, the success rate of this research depends on the fundamental components of fish collagen such as amino acid composition, structural and rheological properties. Therefore, researchers have been trying to find an innovative raw material from marine origins for tissue engineering applications. Based on this concept, collagens such as acid-soluble (ASC) and pepsin-soluble (PSC) were extracted from a new type of cartilaginous fish, the blacktip reef shark, for the first time, and were further investigated for physicochemical, protein pattern, microstructural and peptide mapping. The study results confirmed that the extracted collagens resemble the protein pattern of type-I collagen comprising the α₁, α₂, β and γ chains. The hydrophobic amino acids were dominant in both collagens with glycine and hydroxyproline as major amino acids. From the FTIR spectra, α helix (27.72 and 26.32%), β-sheet (22.24 and 23.35%), β-turn (21.34 and 22.08%), triple helix (14.11 and 14.13%) and random coil (14.59 and 14.12%) structures of ASC and PSC were confirmed, respectively. Collagens retained their triple helical and secondary structure well. Both collagens had maximum solubility at 3% NaCl and pH 4, and had absorbance maxima at 234 nm, respectively. The peptide mapping was almost similar for ASC and PSC at pH 2, generating peptides ranging from 15 to 200 kDa, with 23 kDa as a major peptide fragment. The microstructural analysis confirmed the homogenous fibrillar nature of collagens with more interconnected networks. Overall, the preset study concluded that collagen can be extracted more efficiently without disturbing the secondary structure by pepsin treatment. Therefore, the blacktip reef shark skin could serve as a potential source for collagen extraction for the pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.     

Youssoufenes A2 and A3, Antibiotic Dimeric Cinnamoyl Lipids from the ΔdtlA Mutant of a Marine-Derived Streptomyces Strain

Two new dimeric cinnamoyl lipids (CL) featuring with an unusual dearomatic carbon-bridge, named youssoufenes A2 (1) and A3 (2), were isolated from the ΔdtlA mutant strain of marine-derived Streptomyces youssoufiensis OUC6819. Structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated based on extensive MS and NMR spectroscopic analyses, and their absolute configurations were determined by combination of the long-range NOE-based ¹H-¹H distance measurements and ECD calculations. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited moderate growth inhibition against multi-drug-resistant Enterococcus faecalis CCARM 5172 with an MIC value of 22.2 μM.     

虾夷扇贝胚胎及早期幼虫酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶的组织化学研究

采用组织化学方法对虾夷扇贝胚胎及早期幼虫内的酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)进行了定位研究。结果显示:从卵细胞到D型面盘幼虫各个时期ACP和AKP都呈阳性;卵细胞中ACP阳性颗粒比较均匀地分散在细胞内,受精卵中央着色较浅;卵裂期个体较大的分裂球内阳性颗粒较多,16细胞期到囊胚期的细胞近核区域着色深;面盘幼虫可见ACP集中在内脏团和外套膜区域。卵细胞中AKP阳性颗粒主要存在于细胞中央及细胞膜附近,卵裂期、囊胚、原肠胚和担轮幼虫各个发育时期都可观察到细胞膜附近着色较深,面盘幼虫AKP活性集中在外套膜边缘和内脏团。     

傅立叶变换近红外光谱法检测白酒总酸和总酯

该文研究白酒总酸和总酯的快速检测技术,通过解析不同白酒样品的近红外光谱图,对光谱数据进行不同的处理,结果表明：用一阶导数预处理光谱,谱区选择6102～5446 cm^-1,利用人工神经网络与傅立叶变换近红外光谱相结合,采用内部交叉验证法建立模型,效果较好。其中,总酸模型的决定系数为96.73%,内部交叉验证均方根差为0.048 g/L;总酯模型的决定系数为99.58%,内部交叉验证均方根差为0.085 g/L;进一步对总酸和总酯的模型进行验证和评价,结果表明总酸模型验证集的相关系数为99.2%,预测标准偏差为0.074 g/L;总酯模型验证集的相关为99.7%,预测标准偏差为0.134 g/L,表明建立的模型可靠,预测效果好,能满足白酒生产中总酸和总酯的快速检测要求。     

有机酸对Cu Pb Cd在土壤表面竞争吸附的影响

选择一种红壤和一种水稻土,研究低分子量有机酸对Cu(Ⅱ)、Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)在这2种土壤中竞争吸附的影响,并与单一体系中的结果进行比较。结果表明,由于柠檬酸和酒石酸与Cd(Ⅱ)形成络合物的稳定常数较小,2种有机酸对2种土壤中Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附均表现出促进作用,而且这种促进作用随有机酸初始浓度的增加而增大。酒石酸促进了红壤对Cu(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附,而且低pH下的促进作用大于高pH下的作用。pH4.2时酒石酸对水稻土吸附Cu(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ)有一定的促进作用;在pH5.2时酒石酸使水稻土对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附量减小,但对Pb的吸附基本无影响。柠檬酸对Cu(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附的影响表现为峰形曲线,即吸附量随有机酸浓度的增加而增大,在某一浓度时达最大,然后逐渐减小。在较高浓度和较高pH下,柠檬酸对Cu(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附表现出一定程度的抑制作用,特别在水稻土中。由于红壤游离氧化铁的含量比水稻土高得多,有机酸对红壤吸附重金属离子的促进作用大于水稻土中的作用,相反有机酸对水稻土吸附重金属离子的抑制作用大于红壤中的作用。虽然在竞争条件下有机酸对某一重金属离子吸附的促进作用小于单一体系中的,但竞争条件下所有重金属离子吸附增量的总和大于单一体系中单个离子的吸附增量。在柠檬酸体系中,低pH下Cu(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ)在单一体系中的吸附量高于竞争体系中的,但在高pH下结果相反,这主要与柠檬酸在不同pH下对重金属离子吸附的影响机理不同有关。     

6%抗坏血酸水剂对烟草的增产效果

分别从烟草生长发育、生长量和主要经济性状等方面研究6%抗坏血酸水剂对烟草的增产效果.结果表明,该药被烟叶吸收后,参与烟草生理生化全过程,促进烟草生长发育;烟草根系发达、植株变高、茎变粗、光合作用效率增强、叶绿素及抗坏血酸含量增加;上等烟率、橘黄烟率较对照提高20%～30%;改善烟叶的品质,平均增产20%,增收2250～3000元·hm-2.     

土壤富里酸对镉的吸附特征与影响因素的研究

采用改进的连续电位滴定法,研究了土壤富里酸对重金属镉吸附量的主要影响因素。结果表明：富里酸溶液的pH值升高,吸附量增加;富里酸浓度升高,吸附量降低;pH值升高、富里酸浓度增大,吸附率增大。吸附量和pH值之间的关系可用自然对数方程进行拟合．同时富里酸浓度越小、镉离子浓度越高,方程的斜率越大,说明吸附量的大小同时与二者密切相关。分别用Linear方程、Fruendlich方程和Langmiur方程对富里酸一镉的吸附等温线进行拟合,结果发现,pH值大于5．0时,上述方程拟合均较好;pH值小于5．0时,只能用Langmiur方程拟合。富里酸对镉的吸附系数随着pH值的升高而降低。     

腐殖酸水溶肥配施枯草芽孢杆菌对基质青菜生长的影响

为探究腐殖酸水溶肥、枯草芽孢杆菌对基质青菜生长的影响 本研究以抗热605青菜为试验材料,共设计6组施肥试验,分别为CK1(有机肥2.5g/盆)、CK2(有机肥2.5g/盆+枯草芽孢杆菌0.5g/盆)、T1(有机肥2.5g/盆+枯草芽孢杆菌0.5g/盆+腐殖酸水溶肥100倍液)、T2(有机肥2.5g/盆+枯草芽孢杆菌0.5g/盆+腐殖酸水溶肥200倍液)、T3(有机肥2.5g/盆+枯草芽孢杆菌0.5g/盆+腐殖酸水溶肥400倍液)、T4(有机肥2.5g/盆+枯草芽孢杆菌0.5g/盆+腐殖酸水溶肥800倍液),研究结过表明:腐殖酸水溶肥配施枯草芽孢杆菌可在一定程度上增加基质青菜的株高、叶宽、叶长、冠幅及地上鲜重,其中腐殖酸水溶肥起主导作用,枯草芽孢杆菌作用较为微弱,综合各生长指标考量以T2处理效果最佳。     

永泰县猕猴桃丰产优质栽培技术

永泰县引进种植猕猴桃近10a,现已全面进入盛产期,种植效益显著。本文结合猕猴桃生物学特性和永泰县的自然条件,从科学建园、品种选择、苗木栽植、果树管理、整形修剪技术、病虫害防治、采收与贮藏等方面介绍永泰县猕猴桃丰产优质栽培技术等。     

酚酸类物质对黄瓜幼苗养分吸收的化感作用

以黄瓜为试材,采用基质栽培,研究了外源对羟基苯甲酸和苯丙烯酸对黄瓜幼苗养分吸收的影响,结果表明,在本试验浓度下,外源酚酸对黄瓜幼苗N、P和K吸收的化感效应均为抑制效应,除苯丙烯酸对K吸收的化感效应外,其他处理均随着处理时间的延长和浓度的增加化感抑制效应增强。说明一定浓度的酚酸类物质可以抑制养分的吸收,从而抑制作物幼苗的生长。