Effect of dietary non-starch polysaccharide solubility and inclusion level on gut health and the risk of post weaning enteric disorders in newly weaned piglets

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) solubility and inclusion rate on gut health and development, performance and risk of post weaning enteric disorders (PWED) using NSP sources known not to affect digesta viscosity. The experiment consisted of a 2 × 3 factorial combination of NSP type (sNSP vs insoluble NSP (iNSP); inulin vs purified cellulose) and inclusion level (50 vs 100 vs 150 g/kg). Piglets were weaned at 28 days (day 0) and fed ad libitum until slaughter on day 14. There were no incidences of PWED. NSP solubility had little effect on performance, but sNSP diets resulted in lower caecal and colonic pH and higher colonic Lactobacilli to coliform ratio compared to iNSP diets. Increasing NSP levels significantly reduced caecal and colonic pH but decreased empty body weight percentage (P = 0.067). These results suggest that gut health may benefit most from diets containing appropriate sources of predominantly sNSP rather than iNSP. The optimal level of such sNSP will likely depend upon the level of risk of PWED in order to balance the trade off between maximising performance and improving gut health. Effects of NSP feeding under a higher infectious pressure remains to be assessed.     

云南白雪茶研究现状及开发利用

云南白雪茶是滇西北高寒地区民间特有的一种长期使用的药物和保健饮品,具有茶文化特征.从云南民间的食用经验来看,白雪茶具有显著的清热、止咳、安神等保健作用,现代药理学研究又证明,白雪茶还具有抗炎、解热、抗疲劳、抗辐射、促进免疫等药理学活性.根据雪茶的研究现状对其植物学特性、化学成分、保健作用作了简要的阐述,为以后的开发利用提供了理论依据.     

Outdoor environments in healthcare settings: A quality evaluation tool for use in designing healthcare gardens

This article presents the first outline of a quality evaluation tool (QET) to be used in the process of designing outdoor environments in healthcare settings, e.g. healthcare gardens. Theory triangulation is used to integrate theories and evidence from selected research on people's health/well-being and the outdoor environment. The results first present the theoretical principles underlying the tool and justifying its practical construction. Then, 19 environmental qualities constituting the backbone of the practical tool are presented, including six qualities based on the need to be comfortable in the outdoor environment and 13 qualities based on the need for access to nature and surrounding life. Furthermore, this work presents suggestions of how the tool might include concepts dealing with how users can become involved in the design process, as well as general design guidelines corresponding to the various needs and wishes users may have. The paper ends with a discussion that, among other things, relates the QET to evidence-based design, salutogenesis and pathogenesis.     

奶牛健康监测与评价

牛奶的安全问题与奶牛的健康息息相关,只有健康的奶牛才能生产出健康的牛奶.牛群健康管理需要随时观察、定时检测,做到“未病先防”.因此,建立奶牛健康预警系统尤其重要,通过对单个敏感指标（乳体细胞数、牛乳pH、电导率、直肠温度、产奶量等）的变化和行为学观察及体况评分、运动评分、健康指数可以及时发现亚健康牛,减少疾病造成的损失,确保原料奶的品质安全.     

海南岛东、南部珊瑚礁生态健康状况初步分析

为评价海南岛东、南部珊瑚礁生态健康状况,2004年8月对陵水的分界洲岛,三亚的鹿回头湾、榆林湾、蜈支洲岛,琼海的潭门港、龙湾港,文昌的铜鼓岭和长圮港等区域沿岸珊瑚礁进行监测,采用LineIntercept Transect断面法进行调查。通过对造礁石珊瑚种类、覆盖度、死亡率、补充量和发病率等指标分析海南岛东、南部近岸造礁石珊瑚的生态特点。结果表明:海南岛东、南部近岸珊瑚礁发育良好,种类丰富,生物多样性较高。共发现造礁石珊瑚13科32属77种。由于海洋捕捞和海水养殖等人类开发强度加大,该地区近岸部分区域的珊瑚礁生态环境呈退化趋势,珊瑚健康状况受到严重影响。长圮港、潭门港及铜鼓岭珊瑚健康状况较差;三亚鹿回头等区域局部珊瑚生态健康状况良好,生长呈恢复趋势;远离海岸的岛屿区域,如蜈支洲岛和分界洲岛,由于来自陆地的污染和影响小,珊瑚健康状况呈现良好。     

Strategies for increasing the selenium content of wheat

Selenium (Se) is essential for humans and animals but has no known function in plants. Excess accumulation is toxic to both plants and animals. Dietary intake of Se is low in a large number of people worldwide. This is due to low bioavailability of Se in some soils and consequently low concentrations of Se in plant tissues.Both selenate and selenite are taken up by plants and subsequently translocated around the plant. Selenate, an analogue of sulphate, is transported by the sulphate transporter family. Some plants are able to accumulate high internal concentrations of Se (hyperaccumulators); however, genetic variation in accumulation ability amongst non-accumulators such as cereals, is relatively small.Within plant tissues, Se enters the pathways for sulphate assimilation and metabolism and will replace cysteine and methionine in proteins, often with detrimental effect. Alternatively, Se may be accumulated as methylated derivatives or lost from the plant following volatilisation.Agronomic biofortification of crops with Se-containing fertilisers, which is practised in some countries, provides the best short-term solution for improving Se content of wheat. Longer-term genetic improvement, particularly by targeting substrate discrimination of transporters between selenate and sulphate, for example, may provide a means to enhance uptake and promote accumulation.     

Nutritional and health benefits of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a plant species of the Chenopodiaceae family, which originated in the Andean region and can adapt to different types of soil and climatic conditions. It is a pseudo grain with high nutritional value as it is rich in proteins, lipids, fiber, vitamins, and minerals, and has an extraordinary balance of essential amino acids. Quinoa also contains a high amount of health-beneficial phytochemicals including saponins, phytosterols, phytoecdysteroids. It is known that quinoa has considerably positive effects on metabolic, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal health in humans. Despite all these health benefits, quinoa is not widely consumed due to several reasons, such as high import costs of the grain and lack of knowledge regarding its benefits among consumers. As we believe that further research is needed to provide more information about quinoa, this review was prepared to investigate its basic compounds and health effects.     

2003～2007年注册茶保健食品的情况分析

对2003~2007年经国家食品药品监督管理局(SFDA)批准注册的茶保健食品的产品数量、地区分布、配方类型、产品剂型、保健功能及茶成分添加形式等信息进行统计分析。结果表明,2003~2007年SFDA共批准注册茶保健食品168个,占批准注册的保健食品总数的4.4%,主要来自北京、上海、广东等发达省市。产品配方以复方为主,剂型主要集中在胶囊剂、茶剂、片剂这3种形式上,其他剂型产品数量较少。茶保健食品功能分布广泛,共涉及21项,其中又以"辅助降脂"和"减肥"功能注册的产品数量最多。功能成分以纯茶叶形式添加的产品占47%,以茶叶提取物形式添加的产品占53%。     

雪莲果的保健功能和开发现状

从雪莲果的特征特性出发,介绍了雪莲果中主要的营养成分和保健功能,包括营养成分丰富、含有低聚果糖、具有药茶功效等,并从直接食用及产品开发等方面对雪莲果开发现状进行了综述     

安徽省保健食品生产许可现场检查情况分析

研究安徽省近年来保健食品生产许可现场检查情况,为检查员开展许可检查、食品药品监管部门进行日常监管及保健食品生产企业加强质量管理提供参考。以2014—2016年75份安徽省保健食品许可检查结果为研究对象,采用计量学方法对其进行分类统计分析。结果表明:生产过程缺陷项目共有291次,设计与设施缺陷项目共有199次,品质管理缺陷项目共有157次,原料缺陷项目共有148次,人员管理、卫生管理、储存与运输缺陷项目共有120次。保健食品产品总体上技术水平不高,生产企业质量管理水平不高,许可检查总体通过率较低,但呈现逐年上升趋势。建议企业加强生产质量管理,监管部门加强监管,检查员提升现场检查水平。