雪莲果的保健功能和开发现状

从雪莲果的特征特性出发,介绍了雪莲果中主要的营养成分和保健功能,包括营养成分丰富、含有低聚果糖、具有药茶功效等,并从直接食用及产品开发等方面对雪莲果开发现状进行了综述     

Frozen bread dough: Effects of freezing storage and dough improvers

This review focuses on the effects of freezing storage on the microstructure and baking performance of frozen doughs, and provides an overview of the activities of dough improvers, including emulsifiers, hydrocolloids and other improvers used in frozen dough applications. The overall quality of bread baked from frozen dough deteriorates as the storage of the dough at sub-zero temperatures increases due to several factors which are discussed. Lipid-related emulsifiers such as diacetyl tartaric acid esters of mono and diglycerides and sucrose esters employed as anti-staling agents, dough modifiers, shortening sparing agents, and as improvers for the production of high-protein bread have also been employed in frozen doughs. Hydrocolloids are gaining importance in the baking industry as dough improvers due to their ability to induce structural changes in the main components of wheat flour systems during breadmaking steps and bread storage Their effects in frozen doughs is discussed. Other dough improvers, such as ascorbic acid, honey and green tea extract, are also reviewed in the context of frozen doughs.     

寻骨风药学研究概况

在广泛文献检索的基础上,对寻骨风的科属、成分、养生价值、代表性方剂、使用注意事项进行了概述,为全民养生保健提供科学资料。     

茶多酚作为保健型香烟添加剂的综合开发

从中低档茶中提取茶多酚,将其添加到香烟中,降低香烟燃烧时产生自由基对人体的毒害,开发新型保健型香烟投放市场,既为广大烟民提供一种相对保健的香烟产品,还可提高中低档茶产品附加值。本文论述了香烟吸食社会化流行的成因、毒害发生机理;茶多酚降低香烟中自由基的产生机理,茶多酚作为添加剂在中式香烟中的开发形式。发挥茶多酚抗氧化功能、开发出新型保健型香烟,以降低香烟对人体的危害。     

大学生心理健康教育课程建设的几点思考

心理健康教育课程是心理咨询的内涵扩大和外延伸展,心理健康教育课程帮助了那些有心理问题但还没有及时走进心理咨询室的学生。心理健康教育课程本质上是素质教育,自始至终要贯穿以人为本的教育理念,只有在和谐融洽的氛围中才能极大地提高大学生的心理健康总体水平。创新是心理健康的核心要素,心理健康教育课程要激发学生的创造力。     

Body weight and range usage affect net energy utilisation in commercial free-range laying hens when evaluated in net energy chambers

Within a given free-range flock, some hens prefer to spend the majority of their time in the shed (stayers), while others frequently access the range (rangers). Laying performance has been associated not only with the development of these sub-populations but also with different body weights (BW). The purpose of this study was to determine if range usage, BW or a combination of both is associated with energy metabolism and as such contribute to improved hen performance. Forty-eight Lohmann Brown hens at 74 wk of age were selected from a commercial free-range farm based on their BW and range usage over a 56-week period. Using a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, hens were either classified as heavy (mean ± SEM; 2.01 ± 0.02 kg, n = 24) or light (1.68 ± 0.01 kg, n = 24), and also classified as rangers (accessed the range for 84.1% of available days, 242 ± 3.75 d; n = 24) or stayers (accessed the range for 7.17% of available days; 23.4 ± 6.08 d, n = 24). Stayers had significantly higher metabolizable energy (ME) intake per metabolic BW per d (0.852 vs. 0.798 MJ/kg BW^0.75 per d; P = 0.025), higher heat production (0.637 vs. 0.607 MJ/kg BW^0.75 per d; P = 0.005), higher heat increment (0.267 vs. 0.237 MJ/kg BW^0.75 per d; P = 0.005) and retained more nitrogen (1.59 vs. 1.46 g/hen per d; P = 0.023) compared to the rangers. Light hens had significantly higher metabolic energy intake per metabolic BW (0.854 vs. 0.796 MJ/kg BW^0.75 per d; P = 0.018), net energy (NE) intake (0.595 vs. 0.551 MJ/kg BW^0.75 per d; P = 0.032), and retained energy (0.225 vs. 0.181 MJ/kg BW^0.75 per d; P = 0.032), as well as lower heat production (0.936 vs. 1.003 MJ/hen per d; P = 0.002) compared to heavier hens. An interaction was observed across levels of analysis i.e. between light stayers and light rangers. The light rangers had significantly higher NE intake compared to the light stayers (9.77 vs. 9.27 MJ/kg BW^0.75 per d; P = 0.024). In conclusion, light hens were more energy efficient compared to heavy hens. Moreover, light rangers had a more efficient feed utilisation compared to the light stayers.     

小根蒜研究现状及其开发利用

介绍了小根蒜的生物学特征、营养价值及其医疗保健功效的研究现状,并对小根蒜的开发利用进行了探讨。     

饲料添加剂对人畜健康的影响

文章主要讲述了饲料添加剂对人类和动物的影响,并且提出了减少饲料添加剂对人畜健康造成危害的措施。     

龙游硫铁矿区农田土壤重金属污染的空间 变异及在水稻中的积累

为了解浙江龙游硫铁矿区农田重金属污染状况,采集矿区265件农田土壤样品,分析8种重金属Cu、As、Hg、Zn、Cd、Ni、Pb、Cr元素全量,利用地统计学软件GS+9.0对研究区土壤各元素指标进行半变异函数拟合,并利用普通克里格法进行插值并绘制空间分布图。采集30件水稻籽粒样品,分析重金属在研究区中水稻籽粒的累积特征,并进行了健康风险评价。结果表明:矿区土壤中8种重金属元素的变异系数从0.72到1.76,离散程度较高。8种重金属的土壤空间半变异函数Cu、As、Hg元素符合指数模型,Zn、Cd、Ni、Pb符合球状模型,Cr符合高斯模型。元素Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Ni的块金值与基台值的比值C0/C0+C都小于0.25,说明空间变化主要受地质背景等因素影响;元素Cd、Hg和As的块金值与基台值的比值C0/C0+C在0.25~0.75之间,说明除了地质背景因素,人为活动等随机因素也有影响。矿区水稻籽粒中重金属Ni和Cd的变异系数最高,分别为0.95和0.87,说明Ni和Cd元素可能存在异常积累。矿区水稻籽粒对重金属的富集能力由大到小依次为Cd、Zn、Cu、Ni、As、Hg、Cr、Pb。健康风险评价结果表明矿区农田水稻籽粒中元素As、Cd的风险商大于1,存在潜在健康风险;而其他6种重金属Cu、Hg、Zn、Ni、Pb和Cr基本属于安全范围。